• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.737-740
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• 1992

This study was conducted to demonstrate the practical use of the buffer index curve as a criterion of silage quality evaluation, Forty five samples of the ensiled Italian ryegrass were collected from farms in Okayama, Japan. Silages were devided into 4 groups by the pattern of buffer index curve. Heavy wilting silages (A group) showed no peak on buffer index curve and Flieg's score of 95.6. However, moderate or weak wilting silages (B group) with moisture content of 63.3 showed a peak at pH 4.0 and a Flieg's score of 67.8. Both of A and B groups were regarded as a good quality silage. Silages (C group) with a peak at pH 4.5 were of a medium quality with Flieg's score of 45.3. Poorly preserved silages (D group) with Flieg's score of 12.0 had a peak at pH 5.0. There was a high positive correlationship (p<0.01) between the peak value of buffer index curve and the organic acid content.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of wheat bran addition on the fermentative quality and dry matter digestibility(Dh4D) of rye silage. This hexbage was ensiled by the conventional methods in small glass silo of 0.82 liter with addition of wheat bran of 0%, 5%. 01%, and 15%. mpectivery.The samples of rye silage were determined the pH, lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid. The DMD was evaluated by pepsin-cellulase technique method. The energy values (total digestible nutrients. TDN : digestible energy, DE : metabolizable energy, ME) were calculated by DMD. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The pH and butyric acid of rye silage were reduced with increasing of wheat bran addition, but the contents of lactic acid and total acid were increased. 2. TDN, DE and ME were increased with high rate of wheat bran addition. 3. Regression equation and correlation coefficients between Flieg's score(X) and DMD(Y) of silage were Y =48.7+0.157X(r=0.917, p<0.01). 4. Regression equation and correlation coefficients between level of wheat bran(X) and Flieg's score(Y) of silage were Y= 18.3+5.56X(r=0.929, p<0.01).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 1990

In order to investigate effects of starch addition on the fermentative quality and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of Kudzu, Puerarie thunbergii Bentham plants were ensiled by the conventional method in small experimental plastic silo of 7.5 liter with different levels of starch addition. The fermentative quality, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of silage were determined by chemical analysis, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) by pepsin-cellulase technique. Total digestibile nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were calculated with DMD. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Acetate, butyrate, PH, NDF, ADF, and ADL of Kudzu silage were reduced with increasing of starch addition but the contents of lactate and total acid were increased. 2. The DMD was marked 47.5, 49.5, 51.2, 57.9 and 62.0 % under starch addition with a rate of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 %, respectively. 3. TDN, DF and ME were increased with high rate of starch addition. 4. The regression equation and correlation of Kudzu silage between level of starch (X) and DMD (Y) were Y= 41.6 + 1.86 X (I= 0.96, P < 0.01), of silage between Flieg's score (X) and DMD (Y) were Y= 41.6 + 0.23 X (I= 0.96, P < 0.01) and of silage between level of starch (X) and Flieg's score (Y) were Y= 21.3 + 7.97 X (I= 0.97, P < 0.01), respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of harvest stage of corn on the quality of square baled corn silage manufactured with corn grown in paddy land of Department of Animal Resources Development, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2009 to 2010. Corn "Kwangpyungok" was harvested at three different growth stages (milk, yellow ripen and ripen stage) and ensiled at each harvest time. Square baled corn silage was manufactured by use of square silage wrapping compressor. Each treatment was replicated three times. The content of crude protein (CP) of corn in square baled corn silage decreased with delayed maturity, but the content of ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), TDN (total digestible nutrient) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were not changed. The content of moisture, pH and the nutritive values at three different harvest stages were not influenced by the method of silage manufacture and inoculant. The content of lactate of square baled corn silage harvested in milk stage of corn was significantly increased, as compared with that of round baled corn silage (P<0.05), but in stage of yellow ripen was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The content of acetate in square baled corn silage significantly decreased with delayed harvest maturity, as compared with that of round baled corn silage (P<0.05). Flieg's score of square baled corn silage harvested in milk stage of corn was slightly higher than that of round baled corn silage, but Flieg's scores in yellow ripen stage and ripen stage were not influenced by the method of silage manufacture. Flieg's score with delayed maturity was not influenced by the method of silage manufacture and inoculant. The manufacture of square baled corn silage was proved to be suitable for the fermentation of corn silage. Therefore, this study suggest that square baled corn silage can be a way of new silage manufacture technique.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of harvest stage of corn on the quality of gunny bag silage manufactured with corn grown in paddy land of Department of Animal Resources Development, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2009 to 2010. Corn "Kwangpyungok" was harvested at three different growth stages (milk, yellow ripen and ripen stage) and ensiled at each harvest stages. The content of crude protein (CP) of corn in gunny bag silage decreased with delayed harvest maturity, but the contents of ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), TDN (total digestible nutrient) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were not changed with delayed harvest maturity. The contents of moisture, pH, and the nutritive values at three different harvest stages were not influenced by the method of silage manufacture and inoculant. The content of lactate in corn bag silage at milk stage was significantly increased (P<0.05), as compared with that of round baled corn silage. However, The contents of lactate in corn bag silage at yellow ripen stage and ripen stage were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Flieg's score in corn bag silage manufactured at milk stage increased as compared with that of round baled corn silage, and Flieg's score was hardly influenced by inoculant. Therefore, we suggest that manufacture method of bag silage can be new silage technique to improve the fermentation of corn silage and that smallscale stock farmer could be substituted bag silage for roll bale silage on small farm land.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2012

This study was carried out to determine the supplemental level of spent mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) substrates as an energy source in manufacturing of high moisture sorghum whole crop silage. Whole crop sorghum was harvested at heading stage and ensiled with spent mushroom substrates of 20% (S-20), 40% (S-40) and 60% (S-60) as fresh matter basis. Each silage was manufactured in plastic buckets included vinyl bag by three replications and stored for 0, 3, 6 and 9 weeks, respectively. Fermentation characteristics and quality of sorghum silages manufactured by supplemental level of spent mushroom substrates were as follows. Moisture contents of whole crop sorghum and spent mushroom substrates were 83.85% and 54.3%, respectively, and that of silages was 78% for S-20, 71% for S-40 and 68% for S-60. Ether extracts content of silages was significantly (P<0.05) increased during the fermentation periods. The pH in silages fermented for 3 weeks and above ranged from 4.24 to 4.42, and the decrease of pH by fermentation was relatively greater in S-40 compare to the other treatments. The lactic acid content of silage inclined that the S-40 was higher compared to the other treatments and decreased with elongation of fermentation period of silage. The contents of acetic acid and propionic acid of silages were not influenced by treatments and fermentation period. Flieg's score for estimation of silage quality ranged from 60 to 83, and was relatively high quality in the S-40 fermented for 9 week, and was relatively low quality in the S-60 fermented for 9 week. From above results, we suggest that 40% supplementation of spent Flammulina velutipes mushroom substrates as an energy source is resonable level in manufacturing of high moisture sorghum whole crop silage.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2014

This study was conducted to know the optimal supplementary level of spent mushroom substrates (Flammulina velutipes) as an energy source and fermentation period in manufacturing of rye silage. Whole crop rye was harvested at full bloom stage and ensiled with spent mushroom substrates of 20%(S-20), 40%(S-40) and 60%(S-60) as fresh matter basis. Each silage was prepared in plastic buckets included with vinyl bag by three replications and fermented for 3, 6 and 9 weeks, respectively. Moisture contents of whole crop rye at full bloom stage and spent mushroom substrates were 62.3% and 54.3%, respectively, and those of silages was ranged from 58% to 64%. Ether extracts content of silages was significantly (P<0.05) increased in 6 weeks of fermentation period. The pH of silages ranged from 4.46 to 5.05, and fluctuated in the changes by fermentation period beside of decreased with elapsing the period in the S-60. The organic acid content of silages was higher in the order of lactic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. Lactic acid content was higher when fermented for 6 weeks compared to the other fermentation period. Flieg's score for estimation of silage quality ranged from 63 to 80, and was relatively high level in the S-20 and the S-40 fermented for 6 weeks, and was high level in S-20, and was relatively low level in the silages fermented for 3 week. Hence, we suggest that supplementation of 20% spent mushroom substrates in fresh matter basis and fermentation for 6 weeks are resonable for a good quality of rye silage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 1993

Although corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids are now widely grown as a silage crop in Korea, but agronomic data and silage quality of the corn hybrids produced from farmer's fields have not been published. Therefore, a research survey assessing forage yield and quality of the corn hybrids was conducted at 8 and 13 dairy farms in 1988 and 1989, respectively. in Yoju and Ichon. Kyeongi Province. In 1988, percent ear bearing plants, plant population, ear/total dry matter ratio. percent dry matter and dry matter yield of corn hybrids were 75.3%, 75,826 plants/ha, 38.3%, 23.8% and 12,661 kg/ha. respectively. compared with corresponding values of 79.5%. 79,981 plants/ha, 41.1%. 20.7% and 16.152 kg/ha in 1989, but 11.9% of rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) was recorded in 1989. The Flieg's score of corn silage made by dairy farmers ranged from 70 to 100 and averaged 91. The corn silage produced from dairy farms was characterized as a high quality grade. Survey data indicated that late maturing types of corn hybrids with a higher plant population were grown at farmer's fields. As a result, the performances of the corn hybrids produced by farmers were much lower than those of research institutes. Therefore, dairy farmers in the mid-northern regions of Korea should grow more early maturing corn hybrids and use much lower plant population than those of the present.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

This experiment was conducted to obtain information of feed value and fermentative quality of wheat cultivar, 'Taejoong' to confirm availability as a whole crop silage. As a result, the heading date of 'Teajoong' is April 27, and plant height is longer than whole crop barley, 'Youngyang' or whole crop wheat, 'Cheongwoo', spike length are also large, fresh and dry matter yield are also high. In case of feed value, 'Taejoong' had higher crude protein content than whole crop barley, 'Youngyang' or whole crop wheat, 'Cheongwoo', lower NDF and ADF contents, and significantly higher digestible nutrient contents(p<0.05). In case of fermentation qulity, pH of 'Taejoong' was 4.2, and lactic acid content was lower than 'Cheongwoo' silage and significantly higher than 'Youngyang' silage(p<0.05). Acetic acid content was significantly lower than 'Youngyang' and 'Cheongwoo' silage(p<0.01), butyric acid content was significantly lower than that of 'Youngyang' silage (p<0.05). The final Flieg's score showed that 'Taejoong' silage was the best. Also income of 'Taejoong' improved than 'Youngyang' or 'Cheongwoo'. Therefore, 'Taejoong' is considered sufficiently available as whole crop for forage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 1996

To find out the optimum mixing level of wheat bran to improve the quality of 1st cut Alfalfa silage, this trial was canied out at two-year's Alfalfa monoculture field of the National Livestock Research Institute, Suwon, Korea, from May 1955 to Oct. 1995. The results are as follows. I. According to the increase of wheat bran mixing level, DM content was high from 23.19%(nil) to 35.70%(40% mixing), pH of silage were low from 5.51(nil) to 4.45(40% mixing). but there were not significant at 20% mixing or more(P>0.05). 2. Also it was appeared to the same trend at Lactic acid content and in the Flieg's score of silage it was highest as 59 in the 20% mixing level. 3. In chemical component of silages there were not significant at 20% mixing or more in crude protein, crude fiber and ashes content, 30% mixing or more in ether extract and 10% or less in NFE content(P>0.05). 4. TDN, NEL and StE contents were low as adding level was increased. respectively, but there were not significant(P>O.OS). As mentioned above the results, desirable mixing level of wheat bran to lstcut Alfalfa to improve the quality of silage was 20% of fresh weight.