• 소성∙가공
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2008

A criterion which predicts wrinkle initiation on workpiece in groove rolling process based on finite element analysis is proposed. Fundamental idea considered in the criterion is using the difference between flat rolling which don't cause wrinkling at all and groove rolling which usually accompanies it. The proposed criterion assumes that irregular distribution of shear strain on workpiece during groove rolling is attributable to the initiation of wrinkling. The proposed criterion has been applied to roughing train in the rod mill of SEAH BESTEEL Inc. A new design of 2nd pass (square roll groove) was suggested, machined and applied. Results reveal that the proposed criterion could point out the location of wrinkle initiation and could reduce onset of wrinkle.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2010

This paper presents a precision on-line model for the prediction of the roll force and tension distributions across the strip in hot strip rolling. The approach is based on an approximate 3-D theory of rolling, and in particular, considers the effect of pre-deformation of the strip, which occurs near the roll entrance before the strip enters the bite zone. The prediction accuracy of the proposed model is examined through comparison with the predictions from the 3-D finite element models.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2011

도로 설계는 자연 지형에 순응하도록 선형을 결정함으로써 경제적이며 환경적인 피해가 최소화되는 도로 건설이 이루어지도록 할 필요가 있다. 현 도로설계기준은 지형을 평지와 산지로만 구분하고 있으나 국토의 25.8%가 구릉지이며 미국이나 호주 등 선진국의 경우도 지형을 평지, 구릉지, 산지로 세분화하여 자연 지형에 최대한 부합되는 설계를 유도하고 있음을 감안 시 구릉지를 포함한 세분화된 기준이 필요하다. 본 연구는 원지반의 기복량을 지표로 세 가지 독립된 지형간의 구분 기준을 정량적으로 제시하였다. 세분화된 지형 정의를 전제로 지형을 구분할 수 있는 방안에 대한 개념적 틀을 세우고 이를 도로설계 사례분석 등을 토대로 검토하였다. 연구 결론으로, 평지는 설계 단위구간(1km) 내 지반고 최고점과 최저점의 차이가 40m 미만, 구릉지는 40~60m 이내, 산지는 60m를 초과하는 것으로 제안하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.581-587
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• 2011

The production of high-precision micro-sized screws, used to fasten parts of micro devices, generally utilizes a cold thread-rolling process and two flat dies to create the teeth. The process is fairly complex, involving parameters such as die shape, die alignment, and other process variables. Thus, up-front finite-element(FE) simulation is often used in the system design procedure. The final goal of this paper is to produce high-precision screw with a diameter of $800{\mu}m$ and a thread pitch of $200{\mu}m$ (M0.8${\times}$P0.2) by a cold thread rolling process. Part I is a first-stage effort, in which FE simulation is used to establish process parameters for thread rolling to produce micro-sized screws with M1.4${\times}$P0.3, which is larger than the ultimate target screw. The material hardening model was first determined through mechanical testing. Numerical simulations were then performed to find the effects of such process parameters as friction between work piece and dies, alignment between dies and material. The final shape and dimensions predicted by simulation were compared with experimental observation.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2012

Forged and flat-bar rolled STD11 tool steel shows anisotropic dimensional change during heat treatment. The dimensional change in the rolling direction is larger than that in the transverse direction. The cause of the anisotropic dimensional change is that the steel is anisotropic in composition, microstructure and other properties. The decrease of anisotropic distortion in tool steel is important for making better precision cold working dies. In this study, the effect of ingot weight and hot rolling reduction ratio on the anisotropic dimensional change of STD11 during heat treatment has been studied. Dimensional change was evaluated by simulating a real heat treatment process, including gas quenching and tempering. Experimental results showed that all the rolled flat-bar products had anisotropic distortion to some degree, but the anisotropic distortion was reduced as hot rolling ratio increased. Ingot weight had a little effect on anisotropic distortion. Microstructural observation showed that the anisotropic dimensional change of STD11 tool steel was closely related to the amount, shape and distribution of coarse carbides.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2008

During the plate and foil cold rolling process, considerable values of the force of material pressure on the tool occur. These pressures cause the elastic deformation of the roll, thus changing the shape of the deformation legion. Rolled copper foils should be characterized by a good quality and light dimensional tolerances. Because of automation that is commonly implemented in flat product rolling mills, these products should meet the requirements of tightened tolerances, particularly strip thickness, and feature the greatest possible flatness. The shape of the roll gap is influenced by the elastic deformation of rolls parts of the rolling process affecter of the pressure force. However, to control roll deformation should be difficult. Because the foil thickness is very thin and the permissible deviations in the thickness of foil are small. In this paper, FE-simulation of roll deformation in thin foil cold roiling process is presented.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권10A호
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• pp.964-971
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 채널이 시간 및 주파수에서 비선택적일 때를 가정하여 복수의 송신 안테나를 사용하는 SC-FDE(Single Carrier with Frequency Domain Equalization) 시스템에서 순환지연 다이버시티 기술과 위상 회전 기술의 성능을 비교한다. OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 시스템에서는 위상 회전을 이용하여 시간축에서 변화하는 채널을 만드는 것과 순환지연 다이버시티를 사용하여 주파수 선택적 채널을 만드는 것은 유사한 성능을 보인다. 그러나 SC-FDE 시스템에서는 시간축에서 변화하는 채널을 만드는 것이 주파수축에서 변화하는 채널을 만드는 것보다 더 우수한 성능을 보일 수 있다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2014

Precision control of the slab is crucial for product quality and production economy in hot strip mills. The current study presents a new model for predicting width spread of a slab with a rectangular cross section during roughing. The model is developed on the basis of the extremum principle for a rigid plastic material and a three dimensional admissible velocity field. This model incorporates the effect of process variables such as the shape factor and the ratio of width to thickness. We compare the results of this model to 3-D finite element (FE) process simulations and also to results from a previous study.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2004

A novel flatness sensing system which is called the Flatness Sensing Inter-stand Looper(FlatSIL) system is suggested and a self-tuning PI control system using the FlatSIL is designed for improving the flatness of hot strip in finishing mill processes. The FlatSIL system measures the tension along the direction of the strip width by using segmented rolls, and the tension profile is approximated through the tension of each segmented roll. The flatness control system is operated by using the tension profile. The proposed flatness control system as far as the tension profile-measuring device works for the full strip length during the strip rolling in finishing mills. The generalized minimum variance self-tuning (GMV S-T) PI control method is applied to control the flatness of hot strip which has a design parameter as weighting factor for updating the PI gains. Optimizing the design parameter in the GMV S-T PI controller, the Robbins-Monro algorithm is used. It is shown by the computer simulation and experiment that the proposed GMV S-T PI flatness control system has better performance than the fixed PI flatness control system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.1068-1071
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• 1996

Good shape on flat rolled product is necessary to meet today's customer quality requirement. To meet the increasing demand in quality of strip shape from downstream customers, POSCO has replaced the Automatic Shape Control(ASC) system with the existing one that had used noncontact type measuring system at No.2 Cold Rolling Mill, Pohang works in October, 1995. The strip shape is influenced by the profile, roll crown, bending control, skew control system, as well as work roll cooling system. We have used ASC to adjust those factors in Cold Rolling Mill that could get a satisfactory result, almost less than .+-.5 1-unit deviation from the target shape. However, the downstream customer(i.e. Continuos Annealing Line) wants a good shape not only at the moment of exit of roll bite, but after rolling without tension. In this investigation, the difference will be discussed and how deal with this problem.