• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2017

Traditional reinforced concrete slabs and beams are widely used for building. The use of flat slab structures gives advantages over traditional reinforced concrete building in terms of design flexibility, easier formwork and use of space and shorter building time. Deflection of the slab plays a critical role on the design and service life of building components; however, there is no recent research to explore actual deformation of concrete slab despite various advancements within the design codes and construction technology. This experimental study adopts the Hydrostatic Levelling Cells method for monitoring the deformation of a multi-storey building with flat slabs. In addition, this research presents and discusses the experimental results for the vertical deformation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.669-676
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• 2016

A field study was conducted to determine the runoff loss of N and P in small scale of red pepper field plots (10% slope), consisting of three different plots with black polyethylene vinyl mulching (mulching), ridge without mulching (ridge), and flat without ridge and mulching (flat). Composted manure and urea as a basal application were applied at rates of $20MT\;ha^{-1}$ and $93kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Urea at $189kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ and fused phosphate at $67kg\;P_2O_5\;ha^{-1}$ were additionally applied on June 25 with different fertilization methods, broadcast application in flat plot and hole injection in ridge and mulching plots. Plant uptake of N and P was positively correlated with their respective concentrations in surface soil: mulching > ridge > flat plots. The runoff loss by soil erosion was higher in flat plot than ridge and mulching plot with contour line. Nitrate loss by the runoff water had no significant differences among three surface management practices, but the higher average value in ridge and mulching plots than flat plot. Especially, the flat plot had no phosphate loss during summer season. This is probably due to low labile P content in surface soil of flat plot. In the summation of soil and water loss, flat plot was higher in N and P loss than ridge and mulching plot with contour line. Nevertheless, the nitrate and phosphate loss by runoff water could be more important for non-point source management because the water could meet the river easier than eroded soil because of re-deposition around slope land.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.270-284
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• 2017

This study aimed to create 3D-printed insoles for flat-footed senior men using 3D systems. 3D systems are product-manufacturing systems that use 3-dimensional technologies like 3D scanning, 3D modeling, and 3D printing. This study used a 3D scanner (NexScan2), 3D CAD programs including Rapidform, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Nauta+ compiling program, and a 3D printer. In order to create insoles for flat-footed senior men, we analyzed horizontal sections of 3D foot scans We selected 20 flat-footed and 20 normal-footed subjects. To make the 3D insole models, we sliced nine lines on the surface of the subjects' 3D foot scans, and plotted 144 points on the lines. We calculated the average of these 3D coordinates, then located this average within the 3D space of the AutoCAD program and created 3D sole models using the loft surface tools of the SolidWorks program. The sole models for flat feet differed from those of normal feet in the depth of the arch at the inner sideline and the big toe line. We placed the normal-footed sole model on a flat-footed sole model, and the combination of the two models resulted in the 3D insole for flat feet. We printed the 3D modeled insole using a 3D printer. The 3D printing material was an acrylic resin similar to rubber. This made the insole model flexible and wearable. This study utilized 3D systems to create 3D insoles for flat-footed seniors and this process can be applied to manufacture other items in the fashion industry as well.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.409-426
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to present the raw data for management and conservation of tidal flat by objective surveying and analysing the halophytes and vegetation distributed in Seocheon tidal flat wetland conservation area, Korea. The results are as follows. The numbers of halophytes in this site were summarized as 27 taxa including 13 families, 21 genera, 26 species and 1 variety. In the results of ecologically important species, rare plant was 1 taxa, 10 taxa of the specific plants by floristic region, 1 taxa of naturalized plant and 1 taxa of the plant with approval for delivering oversea. The life form spectrum consisted of therophytes(44.4%), hemicryptophytes(25.9%), geophytes(14.8%), nanophanerophytes(7.5%), chamaephytes and hydatophytes(each 3.7%). The types of vegetation of Seocheon tidal flat wetland conservation area were classified with 17 communities including Vitex rotundifolia community, Suaeda maritima community, Calystegia soldanella community and so forth. In the halophytes composition, section C and E-1 had the largest character species and companion species. In the results of vegetation amount, section C, D, E-1 and E-2 were the highest score, on the other hand, section A and B were the lowest. The final rating was calculated by adding up values of two factors, and section C and E-1 had the highest rating of II. In future, we will survey the whole flora in Seocheon tidal flat, we will offer the help to establishing the conservation plan of coastal plant ecosystem in West Sea.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.465-491
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the short animation film which faithfully follows the external dimension of cartoons, and studies the hidden subject and the way of narrative in the back of the figure. In this process, we analyze the theme of using the analysis method of mosaic image. The narrative of cartoons is usually the majority in discussing the differences in the aspectual part. However, this animation uses cartoons to reach the linear narrative of ordinary narrative movies. As Janet Murray explains, if a 'mosaic image' approaches a theme through a mosaic approach, we can limit the 'mosaic film' that are introduced in the film format among them. First of all, conceptually uses the characteristics of 'mosaic image', at the same time, it utilizes a work utilizing the narrative features of 'mosaic film'. By analyzing this animation film by bifurcation, the first half reveals the characteristics of open-minded mosaic video platform, and the second half introduces the linear narrative method of film narrative. This paper divides the narrative method of 'multi plot Film' into three types: mosaic narrative film, network narrative film, and multi-draft film. Thus, we can analyze the ending of as a narrative method of 'network narrative film' which is composed of parallel or juxtaposed stories. In other words, if the early part of the animation follows the 'mosaic narrative' as an 'extension of ensemble film', the latter part faithfully follows 'network narrative'. Even in the way of talking about the subject, this animated film uses the way of speaking the mosaic image. Considering the aspectual tendency of cartoons, it can be said that this film derives the meaning of 'humor' or 'satire' in an open way. If the first half refers to 'the ambiguous routine of modern man', the latter half draws a profound theme called 'the reality of human selfishness in modern society'. is a film for a wide range of social criticism designed for adults who can interpret meaning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

The aviation industry has grown beyond the simple processing and assembling of aircraft parts and now designs and exports finished aircraft. In this study, the vertical CNC milling rotational speed and feed rate were parameters to investigate the life of tools according to their shape: (flat, round, and ball end mill) in the rough cutting of titanium. These tools are widely used in aircraft manufacturing and assembly. The purpose of this study is to measure the cutting temperature generated during the cutting process and calculate the rate of tool wear. This will be accomplished by measuring the tool weight before and after cutting the specimen and to compare it with the results of previous studies. Our study showed that the maximum cutting temperature increased as cutting time, tool rotational speed, and feed rate increased. The highest cutting temperatures were recorded for the ball, round, and flat end mill, respectively. Tool wear for the ball, round, and flat end mill increased as the speed and feed rate increased. The flat end mill exhibited the highest rate of wear from a minimum of 0.62% to a maximum of 2.88%.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.635-639
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• 2008

In this paper, experimental studies of the regrinding of tungsten carbide (WC-Co) tools for high-speed machining were conducted. Regrinding and a subsequent evaluation test were carried out for a flat endmill tool with diameters of 10 mm and 3 mm using a CNC five-axis tool grinder and a CNC three-axis machining center. Tool wear on the two types of endmill tools increased as the cutting length increased, and the tool wear was not influenced by the regrinding state. In case of the micro endmill with a tool diameter of 3 mm, the effective regrinding time was determined for a flank wear threshold of 0.3 mm considering the tool life according to cutting length. The tool lives of the 10 mm and 3 mm endmill tools were increased by 80% and 72%, respectively. This conclusion proves the Feasibility of the recycling of tungsten carbide materials in the high-speed machining of high-hardened materials for industrial applications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2001

Data for teat number for Landrace (L), Yorkshire (Y), crossbred of Landrace and Yorkshire (LY), and crossbred of Landrace, Yorkshire and Chinese indigenous Min Pig (LYM) were analyzed using Gibbs sampling. In Bayesian inference, flat priors and some informative priors were used to examine their influence on posterior estimates. The posterior mean estimates of heritabilities with flat priors were $0.661{\pm}0.035$ for L, $0.540{\pm}0.072$ for Y, $0.789{\pm}0.074$ for LY, and $0.577{\pm}0.058$ for LYM, and they did not differ (p>0.05) from their corresponding estimates of REML. When inverse Gamma densities for variance components were used as priors with the shape parameter of 4, the posterior estimates were still corresponding (p>0.05) to REML estimates and mean estimates using Gibbs sampling with flat priors. However, when the inverse Gamma densities with the shape parameter of 10 were utilized, some posterior estimates differed (p<0.10) from REML estimates and/or from other Gibbs mean estimates. The use of moderate degree of belief was influential to the posterior estimates, especially for Y and for LY where data sizes were small. When the data size is small, REML estimates of variance components have unknown distributions. On the other hand, Bayesian approach gives exact posterior densities of variance components. However, when the data size is small and prior knowledge is lacked, researchers should be careful with even moderate priors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.324-328
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• 2002

Recently, in machining industry much progress has been made by taking advantage of high speed machining. On the other hand as disadvantage high speed machining involves shortening the life of cutting tool. In this research we want to evaluate the performance of appropriate endmill for high speed machining in accordance with surface roughness of land width and clearance angle of flat-endmill

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.28
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• pp.65-84
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation between the beauty of human body and the fashion illustration in each period And I attained my object through the investigation of features and changes of illustration which is given a vivid description of the features and development of ideal humam body beauty. By various methods I studied this subject. Frist I refered to sundry records Secondly I investiated the fashion illustrations which are included in Vogue. On the basis of this data I grasped the ideal types of human body beauty which is founded during the social change in each 10 years. And I analyzed the relation be-tween the ideal type and fashion illustration which show the change of fashion. The summary of result is as follows. 1. In the early part of the 20th century the beauty of human body is represented with the figure of large-sized beauty which emphasize shoulder and bust. And fashion ikllustration show 9 life-size broad shoulder full bust lim waist and hourglass silhouette. 2, In the 1910s the swell of strength vanishes gradually and shoulder and sleeve are straight type. And fashion illustration show 7 life-size high waist line. And that is tublar sil-houette of high waist and streamline shape in which bust and hip are not emphasized. 3. In the 1920s the ideal type of human body beauty is straight type which shows flat bust and unexaggerate hip. And fashion illus-tration is about 8 life-size tublar silhouette of low waist and lunger and slimmer and young style in which bust and hip are not emph-asized. 4. In the 1930s the ideal is womamly slim and long style. Fashion illustration is about 8 life-size and slim & long silhouette in which waist line is emphasized and bust and hip line come out. 5. In the 1940s the ideal type is womamly style which has narrow shoulder rich bast and slim waist. And fashion illustration is about 7 life-size and hourglass silhouette which has unartificial shoulder slim waist and empha-sized bust. 6. In the 1950s the ideal type is that of ro-bust health which emphasize build and muscu-lar system. And fashion illustration is 8.5 life-size and show full bust and made waist slimmer. That is sheath silhouette. 7. In the child who has full face with large eyeball slender and long leg: narrow and immatured body comparatively big head. And fashion illus-tration is 7 life-size and show slim and long neck flat bust long and slim limbs and big head. That is H type silhouette. 8. In the 1970s the ideal type is high stat-ure flat breast small hip and wide shoulders. And fashion illustration is wide shoulders and slim waist as 11 life-size and straight sil-houete. 9. In the 1980s the ideal type is extremely emphasized breadth of shoulder because healthy body and muscle are recognized as the symbol of ideal attractiveness. And fashion il-lustration is about 8.5 life-size and show mus-cular slim type that is slim silhouette. 10 At the present time the ideal type is slim and tall type which is empasized healthy beauty. And fashion illustration is 12 life-size which has healthy body and skin So that is slim and long type.