• 한국BIM학회 논문집
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2015

Korea has been at the forefront of green growth initiatives. In 2008, the government declared the new vision toward 'low-carbon society and green growth'. The government subsidies and Feed-in Tariff (FIT) increased domestic usage of solar power by supplying photovoltaic housing and photovoltaic generation systems. Since 2000, solar power industry has been the world's fastest growing source with the annual growth rate of 52.5%. Especially, BIPV(Building Integrated Photovoltaic) systems are capturing a growing portion of the renewable energy market due to several reasons. BIPV consists of photovoltaic cells and modules integrated into the building envelope such as a roof or facades. By avoiding the cost of conventional materials, the incremental cost of photovoltaics is reduced and its life-cycle cost is improved. When it comes to atypical building, numerous problems occur because PV modules are flat, stationary, and have its orientation determined by building surface. However, previous studies mainly focused on improving installations of solar PV technologies on ground and rooftop photovoltaic array and developing prediction model to estimate the amount of produced electricity. Consequently, this paper discusses the problem during a planning and design stage of BIPV systems and suggests the method to select optimal design of the systems by applying the national strategy and economic policies. Furthermore, the paper aims to develop BIM tool based on the engineering knowledge from experts in order for non-specialists to design photovoltaic generation systems easily.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.116-135
• /
• 2008

To investigate the actual distribution condition and clothing construction factors of the working clothes supplied to the Changwon national industrial complex, 5 major companies in machinery, automotive, industrial engineering, shipbuilding and rolling stock in the industrial complex located in Gyeongsangnam-Do were selected. The questionnaire designed for the research consisted of working clothes distribution policies in manufacturing industry and the actual conditions of the design facts, repair and maintenance of the working clothes, etc. The analysis of the clothing construction factors of the working clothes provided by 5 respondent companies were conducted in parallel. The results derived from the study were as follows: The basic types of working clothes were the blouson jacket and straight pants; safety equipments for manufacture were safety helmets, gloves, snickers, goggles, masks, ear caps, wristlets, leggings, apron, etc. The size-charts adopted by the participant companies were the small-medium-large and cm/inch measurement size systems. To solve wearer's dissatisfaction with the garment fit, certain clothing construction factors were used, e.g. strap bands and the elastic band on a waist band. The types of fabrics used for the working clothes were mainly polyester/cotton and polyester/rayon blended ones. Moreover, to provide with more air permeability to wearers, the warp knit material was used to construct the lining and the armpit or back bodice slits. Lock, two-thread chain, safety, overedge stitches were applied with flat, lap felled, French, superimposed, lapped, bound and edge finishing seams to construct the working clothes selected.

• 대한청각학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives: The speech-in-noise test is typically performed using an audiometer. The results of the digit-in-noise recognition (DIN) test may be influenced by the flat frequency response of free-field audiometry and frequency of the hearing aid fit based on fitting rationale. This study aims to investigate the DIN test in unaided and aided conditions. Subjects and Methods: Thirty four adults with moderate and severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) participated in the study. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for 50% of the DIN test was obtained in the following two conditions: 1) the unaided condition, performed using an audiometer in a free field; and 2) aided condition, performed using a hearing aid with an unvented individual earmold that was fitted based on NAL-NL2. Results: There was a statistically significant elevation in the mean SNR for the severe SNHL group in both test conditions when compared with that of the moderate SNHL group. In both groups, the SNR for the aided condition was significantly lower than that of the unaided condition. Conclusions: Speech recognition in hearing-impaired patients can be realized by fitting hearing aids based on evidence-based fitting rationale rather than by measuring it using free-field audiometry measurement that is utilized in a routine clinic setup.

• 박물관보존과학
• /
• 제13권
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2012

국립중앙박물관에서는 수장고에 보관 중이던 미등록 유물들을 연차적으로 등록하는 사업을 진행하던 가운데 복원 작업이 시작된 금강사지 출토 대형 토기편을 설명하고 전반적인 보존처리과정을 소개하고자한다. 대형 토기는 총 600여점을 40여개의 유물상자에 파손된 상태로 별도 보관하고 있었으며 형태나 크기, 사용 용도, 그리고 몇 개의 토기인지를 전혀 파악할 수 없는 상태였다. 수 많은 토기 조각과 토기 무게로 인해 우선 재질별, 토기 두께와 표면 색감, 그리고 유약 광택도 등 가시적 특징만으로 크게 6개의 토기 편으로 가분류하였으나, 가접합 해 본 결과, 실제로는 한 개의 토기 편임을 알 수 있었다. 이번 복원 과정에서는 매우 크고 무거운 기형의 토기를 접합할 때도 일반적으로 사용되는 순간접착제가 과연 안전한지를 알아보고자 먼저, 예비 실험을 통해 저점도~고점도별 접착속도와 접착강도, 그리고 용해속도를 조사하여 안전성을 확인하였다. 접합 후 결손된 부분의 형태에 따라 다양한 종류의 에폭시 수지를 사용하여 복원하였으며 저부가 편평하지 않고 동그란 형태여서 제대로 서있지 않아 유물을 안정하게 보관하면서도 전시에 바로 사용하도록 전시받침대까지 제작하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.262-268
• /
• 2007

농업 비점오염원으로부터의 수질 보전이나 수자원 관리는 농업적 관리뿐만 아니라 수질관리 및 수자원 관리를 위해서도 유역단위 특히, 소유역의 토양특성을 포괄하는 단위로 체계적으로 분류할 필요성이 있다. 우리나라의 남서쪽에 위치한 영산강유역의 50개 소유역을 대상으로 토양도, 지형도, 하천도 및 유역도를 이용하여 만곡도, 산림의 비율, 평탄지의 비율, 다른 소유역으로부터의 유입 여부 등 토양학적으로 중요한 4개의 특성을 이용하여 군집분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 5개의 군으로 구분할 수 있었으며, 이 구분의 적합도를 검정하기 위하여 Mantel test를 한 결과 r = 0.83으로 나타나 적합하다는 결론을 얻었다. 이와 같이 토양과 지형특성을 포괄하는 소유역의 분류 및 유사성에 따른 그룹화는 농업에서의 최적영농관리나 오염물질에 따른 수질관리, 수문모형의 적용성 확대 및 수자원 관리에 합리적 유용성을 제공할 것이며 체계적 관리의 밑바탕이 될 것이다.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.129-147
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze domestic fashion education institution's program on apparel prototype and thereupon, address the problems and find their solutions, and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to improve the basic patterns of apparel and ultimately, help reinforce the professional and practical apparel design education. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. 85.1% of the subjects finished graduate or higher courses. Almost all of the college and junior college teachers finished graduate or higher courses, while only 31.6% of those teaching at technical institutes finished graduate or higher courses. Such a finding suggests that colleges tend to employ their faculty members based on their academic background but that technical institutes value the practical ability of their faculty more. 2. As a result of surveying the types of basic patterns used by teachers, it was found that 72.3% of them were using two or more patterns. The basic pattern preferred most by our teachers was Japanese culture institute's type (71.3%), followed by the US FIT type (24.5%), Lim Won-Ja's type (22.3%), French ESMOD type (17.0%). 96.3% of our apparel design students were making their basic patterns as instructed by their teachers. 3. 67.0% of our students were using their conceived sizes for production of their basic patterns, 14.9% were referring to the ready-made sizes, 8.5% were relying on their teachers' individual experiences, and 9.6% were using their own cord sizes. In order to survey the difference between teachers' sizes (ready-made sizes or individual experienced ones) and business sizes used, the basic body measurements used for ready-made apparels were surveyed to be compared with the national standard body sizes set in 1997 for women aged between 18 and 24. As a result, it was found that the ready-made sizes used for apparel production prototypes than teachers' ones were nearer the national standard sizes. Such a finding suggests that it may well be necessary for teachers to be more connected with the apparel businesses and thereby, teach their students in a more realistic way with correct information. 4. 83.0% of the subject teachers were tacking their basic patterns to be well fitting, and 76.9% of these teachers were tacking the patterns in reference with students' individual body sizes. In all, 97.4% of the subject teachers were guiding the tacking process, which suggests that the flat patternmaking is taught primarily for customized apparels. As a result of comparing the fitness of basic patterns with those of each body part, it was found that teachers were most dissatisfied with the fitness of shoulders and arm hole depth. Therefore, it will be necessary to reclassify the body types or find other drawing techniques to improve the fitness of such body parts. Nevertheless, teachers were willing much (4.18) to develop their own educational basic patterns for themselves. Lastly, it is hoped that this study will be followed up by future studies on educational prototypes covering diverse body shapes and those on practical implementations of those prototypes for students.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2012

중공사 고분자 분리막을 이용한 SF6를 분리 농축을 위한 운전조건을 결정하기 위해서는, 온도와 압력이 투과특성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 온도와 압력이 부과된 조건에서 단일기체 투과실험을 수행하여, 중공사 고분자 분리막(PSF, PC, PI)을 통한 기체($N_2$, $O_2$, $SF_6$, $CF_4$)의 투과특성을 연구하였다. 실험결과, 기체의 투과플럭스는 온도와 압력의 증가에 따라 일반적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나, 분리막에 따른 투과플럭스의 차이가 관찰되었으며, 온도, 압력에 따른 투과플럭스 변화율은 기체의 특성(분자크기)에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. 온도 압력에 대한 투과플럭스를 3차원적으로 표현했을 때, 투과플럭스는 근사적인 평면 위에서 변화하는 것으로 관측되었다. 온도와 압력에 의한 투과플럭스 변화를 열역학적으로 분석하였으며, 투과플럭스 예측을 위한 경험적 모델로 평면특성의 1차 다항식 모델과 곡면 특성을 가진 2차 다항식 모델을 제안하였다. 그 결과 두 경험적 모델 모두 관측자료에 대한 높은 적합도를 보여 적용가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2019

연구목적 : 본 연구는 경상남북도의 국가지정 중요목조문화재 주변 환경에 따라 방재특성이 어떻게 다른지를 파악하고 이를 바탕으로 문화재 주변 환경에 맞는 목조문화재 방재대책을 검토하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 연구를 위해 경상남도와 경상북도에 있는 문화재 지정 현황 및 특성을 파악하고 재난이력을 통하여 경상남도 및 경상북도에 있는 문화재의 피해 현황을 검토하였다. 또한 경상남도와 경상북도에 있는 국가지정 중요목조문화재 58개소를 대상으로 주변 환경에 따라 산악, 농촌, 도시지역으로 나누어 방재특성을 분석하였다. 연구결과 : 도시지역에 위치한 문화재는 안전경비인력의 배치가 적절했고 방재훈련이 잘 이루어지고 있었으며 진입여건은 신속하게 진입할 수 있었다. 농촌지역은 방염사업이 잘 실시되어 있었고 평탄한 곳에 위치한 문화재가 많았다. 산악지역은 진입여건이 타 지역에 좋지 않았으며 과거 재난 발생이력도 가장 많았다. 결론 :첫째, 도시지역의 목조문화재 경우 초기 대응을 위한 자위소방대 배치인력 확보 및 방재교육을 강화해야 한다. 둘째, 농촌지역의 목조문화재 경우 문화재 보호를 위한 방충사업, 방재보험 등의 예방사업을 실시해야 한다. 셋째, 산악지역의 목조문화재 경우 자체적인 대응역량을 강화하기 위한 방안을 마련해야 한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.206-214
• /
• 2014

목적: 내부 원추형 연결형태 임플란트에서 지대주 나사의 좌면각도가 연결부의 기계적 안정성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 원추형 연결구조 티타늄 임플란트와 시멘트 유지형 지대주, 텅스텐 카바이드 코팅된 티타늄 합금 지대주 나사를 사용하였다. 좌면각도가 $45^{\circ}$와 $90^{\circ}$를 갖는 지대주와 지대주 나사를 제작하여 30 Ncm 조임회전력으로 지대주를 체결한 후 하중을 가하고 체결 및 하중 부여에 따른 침하량을 측정하였다(n = 5). 유압식 피로시험기에 임플란트를 고정하고 스테인리스 스틸 금속관을 지대주에 합착하였다. 이 후 반복 하중을 가한 후 풀림토크 변화량을 측정하고, 압축굽힘강도와 피로강도를 측정하였다(n = 5). 결과: 지대주 침하량은 지대주나사 체결 시 가장 크게 나타났으며(P < 0.05), 나사체결과 하중부여에 따른 총 침하량은 $45^{\circ}$군보다 $90^{\circ}$군에서 더 크게 측정되었다(P < 0.05). 반복하중 부여 후 풀림 토크, 그리고 최대 압축굽힘강도와 피로강도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P > 0.05). 결론: 본 실험조건하에서 지대주 나사머리의 원추형 설계가 지대주의 총 침하량을 약간 감소시키는 효과를 나타냈으나, 연결부의 전체적인 기계적 안정성에 미치는 영향은 크지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.83-99
• /
• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.