• Title/Summary/Keyword: Flash tank

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EXPLOSION HAZARDS IN TANKS OF HIGH FLASH POINT LIQUIDS

  • Zalosh, Robert
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 1997.11a
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    • pp.203-210
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    • 1997
  • Reports of explosions in cargo and storage tanks of high flash point liquids such as residual fuel oil, asphalt, and oily waste water have shown that these explosions have occurred even when the liquid temperatures are well below the liquid nominal flash point. The reasons for these seemingly paradoxical explosions are reviewed and results of recent laboratory tests are presented to better define the conditions leading to flammable vapor atmospheres in these tanks. The potential effectiveness of various prevention measures are discussed including inerting, monitoring tank vapor concentrations, and periodic cleaning of condensation and deposits on the tank walls and roof.

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Consideration on Flash Fire of Fuel Tank by Plate and Projectile Impacts (외부위협체의 충돌에 의한 연료탱크의 순간화재 발생가능성에 대한 고찰)

  • Lee, Eun Min;Park, Ju Young;Lee, Hae Pyeong;Lee, Chang Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 2014
  • This study was performed to analyze the vulnerability of the situation in which combat system is shot by external projectile impacts. In developing combat system, it is vital to consider the survivability as well as its mission capability because it is directly connected with loss of lives. Especially, when the parts which are susceptible to fire are shot under battle situation, the system is exposed to the dangerousness and the situation when the parts such as fuel tanks are impacted by external projectile impacts can lead to flash fire as a result of the leakage of fuel. Therefore, in this study the possibility of flash fire was calculated by analyzing a variety of variables supposing that fuel tank in the combat system is shot. The aim of this study is to suggest effective methods in the basic steps when combat system is designed.

Estimation of Flash Flood Guidance considering Uncertainty of Rainfall-Runoff Model (강우-유출 모형의 불확실성을 고려한 돌발홍수기준)

  • Lee, Keon-Haeng;Kim, Hung-Soo;Kim, Soo-Jun;Kim, Byung-Sik
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.155-163
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    • 2010
  • The flash flood is characterized as flood leading to damage by heavy rainfall occurred in steep slope and impervious area with short duration. Flash flood occurs when rainfall exceeds Flash Flood Guidance(FFG). So, the accurate estimation of FFG will be helpful in flash flood forecasting and warning system. Say, if we can reduce the uncertainty of rainfall-runoff relationship, FFG can be estimated more accurately. However, since the rainfall-runoff models have their own parameter characteristics, the uncertainty of FFG will depend upon the selection of rainfall-runoff model. This study used four rainfall-runoff models of HEC-HMS model, Storage Function model, SSARR model and TANK model for the estimation of models' uncertainties by using Monte Carlo simulation. Then, we derived the confidence limits of rainfall-runoff relationship by four models on 95%-confidence level.

A Study on The Possibility of Flash Fire of Combat System by Kinetic Energy Ammunitions (운동에너지탄에 의한 전투시스템의 순간화재 발생가능성에 대한 연구)

  • Park, Young Ju;Lee, Eun Min;Lee, Hae Pyeong;Hwang, Me Jung;Lee, Chang Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2014
  • This study analyzed various possibilities of flash fire which could occur in a variety of combats, in order to predict that of flash fire of combat system armor using Autodyn program. The possibility was judged by the temperature distribution of fuels, which was caused by the impact of parts of fuel systems through an armor, in the event of getting shot by external ammunition. Diverse variables could affect the possibility of flash fire: external ammunition(Type A: penetration 570 mm, Type B: penetration 410 mm), fuels(Gasoline, Diesel, Kerosene), the thickness of an armor(100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mm), the gap of a fuel tank and an armor(45, 95, 145, 195, 245, 295 mm). As a result, when an armor was 20 mm think, the temperature of 3 fuels ranged like this: Gasoline 372~387 K, Diesel 442~408 K, Kerosene 384~395 K. Although they made a little difference among them, they all didn't reach their ignition points. When an armor was 200 mm think, each fuel reached the maximum temperature, not reaching its ignition points as well. The thicker an armor was, the lower the temperature got. When Type B ammunition was used, the temperature of fuels went up 19~59 K higher than Type A was used. In the case that the gap of fuel tank and an armor was 20 mm thick, the temperature distribution of Gasoline showed 389~450 K, the maximum temperature appeared in the gap of 145 mm, and the minimum temperature 295 mm. For Type B, the temperature distribution of fuels ranged 386~401 K, the maximum temperature appeared in the gap of 245 mm, and the minimum temperature 45 mm. There was no significant difference between two cases, and neither of them reached its ignition point. Accordingly, as the tested fuels of combat systems didn't reach their ignition points, it is thought that the possibility of flash point of an armor is low.

The Performance Improvement of a Gas Injection Heat Pump with a Flash Tank (기액분리기를 적용한 가스 인젝션 히트펌프의 성능 향상에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Son, Kilsoo;Kim, Dongwoo;Choi, Sungkyung;Kim, Yongchan
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.297-305
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    • 2017
  • Air-source heat pumps are widely used in residential heating systems. However, the decrease in the capacity of the heat pump is unavoidable when operating at very low and high ambient temperatures. The vapor injection technique is considered a promising technology to overcome this problem. Recent research on vapor injection cycles have mainly adopted a scroll compressor with an internal heat exchanger at severe operating conditions. This study measured the COP and EER of a gas injection heat pump using a flash tank with an inverter-driven rotary compressor at severe operating conditions. Compared to non-injection heat pumps, the heating capacity and COP of the gas injection heat pump improved up to 15% and 2.9%, respectively, at outdoor temperatures of $-10^{\circ}C$ to $7^{\circ}C$. The cooling capacity of the gas injection heat pump was 11% higher than the non-injection heat pump at an outdoor temperature of $35^{\circ}C$. At the same time, the EER of the gas injection heat pump was similar to that of the non-injection heat pump.

Experiment investigation on flow characteristics of open natural circulation system

  • Qi, Xiangjie;Zhao, Zichen;Ai, Peng;Chen, Peng;Sun, Zhongning;Meng, Zhaoming
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.1851-1859
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    • 2022
  • Experimental research on flow characteristics of open natural circulation system was performed, to figure out the mechanism of the open natural circulation behaviors. The influence factors, such as the heating power, the inlet subcooled and the level of cooling tank on the flow characteristics of the system were examined. It was shown that within the scope of the experimental conditions, there are five flow types: single-phase stable flow, flash and geyser coexisting unstable flow, flash stable flow, flash unstable flow, and flash and boiling coexisting unstable flow. The geyser flow in flash and geyser coexisting unstable flow is different from classic geysers flow. The flow oscillation period and amplitude of the former are more regular, is a newly discovered flow pattern. By drawing the flow instability boundary diagram and sorting out the flow types, it is found that the two-phase unstable flow is mainly characterized by boiling and flash, which determine the behavior of open natural circulation respectively or jointly. Moreover, compared with full liquid level system, non-full liquid level system is more prone to boiling phenomenon, and the range of heat flux density and undercooling degree corresponding to unstable flow is larger.

Estimation of the Confidence Interval for Flash Flood Analysis (돌발홍수분석을 위한 강우-유출관계의 신뢰구간 추정)

  • Lee, Keon-Haeng;Kim, Hung-Soo;Kim, Soo-Jun;Kim, Byung-Sik
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.169-173
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    • 2009
  • 돌발홍수는 급격한 경사와 많은 불투수층을 포함하고 있는 좁은 지역에서 짧은 지속기간의 강우강도를 가진 큰 강우가 내리는 경우 발생한다. 이러한 돌발홍수가 발생할 수 있는 강우의 양을 파악하기 위해서 돌발홍수기준(Flash Flood Guidance)을 산정하여 활용하고 있다. 돌발홍수기준은 수문모형으로부터 도출되는 강우-유출관계곡선에서 한계유출량에 대응되는 강우량을 의미한다.따라서 강우-유출관계가 갖고 있는 불확실성(uncertainty)을 최소화 할수록 돌발홍수기준을 정확하게 산정할 수 있으며, 수문모형은 각각 고유의 매개변수와 특성을 갖고 있으므로 어떠한 수문모형을 사용하여 강우-유출관계를 도출하느냐에 따라 불확실성의 정도가 크게 좌우된다. 본 연구에서는 네 개의 수문모형(HEC-HMS 모형, 저류함수모형, SSARR 모형, TANK 모형)의 모의값에 Monte Carlo 모의 방법을 적용하여 네 개의 수문모형에 대한 신뢰구간을 추정하여 제시하였다.

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Evaluation and countermeasure for Environmental Noise during Plant Commissioning Process in Thermal Power Plant (화력발전소 시운전시 인근에 미치는 소음영향 및 대책)

  • Kim, Yeon-Whan;Koo, Jae-Raeyang;Kim, Hee-Soo;Bae, Yong-Chae;Lee, Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2001.11b
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    • pp.897-902
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    • 2001
  • This paper describes the evaluation of noise influence for residental and boundary areas in 75MW thermal power plant. It includes the measurements of noise level around the boundary area of the plant, identification of noise propagating path, and discussion on the measures. Noise assessments are carried out based on the ISO 3744, ISO 9613-1 and ISO 9613-2 to predict the noise distribution of specific locations from the noise sources such as power transformers, flash vent-pipe, I.D.fan, and stack. It is identified the vent-pipe of flash tank in thermal power plant as the root cause of the environmental noise during the plant commissioning process.

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Experimental Study on Heating Performance Characteristic of 100 kW Heat Pump to Generate ℃ Steam (120℃ 스팀 생성을 위한 100 kW급 히트펌프의 실험적 연구)

  • Wang, Eunseok;Na, Sun-Ik;Lee, Gilbong;Baik, Young-Jin;Lee, Young-Soo;Lee, Beomjoon
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.100-106
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    • 2018
  • Recently, the development of a heat pump technology to recover process waste heat and to generate steam of $120^{\circ}C$ or higher required for industrial processes, has attracted attention. The research of conventional heat pump utilizing the available energy is used primarily for air conditioning, and the production temperature is about $60^{\circ}C$, so it is difficult to utilize it for industrial use. Therefore, in this study, we developed a steam heat pump (SGHP) which recovers the waste heat of process and generates steam at $120^{\circ}C$. The low-pressure refrigerant R245fa, considered to be an eco-friendly refrigerant, has been selected as the refrigerant for SGHP in this study since its Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) is zero and the Global Warming Potential (GWP) is relatively low. A flash tank functioning as a phase separator was installed in the rear stage of the condenser, and the saturated water of high temperature was decompressed to generate steam. It was started at the initial temperature of $70^{\circ}C$, and it was confirmed that $120^{\circ}C$ steam was produced after the system stabilized. We have conducted experiments by modifying the system, and ultimately achieved a heating capacity of 101.4 kW and a COP of 3.05.

Experimental Analysis on the Performance of a Solar Powered Water Pump (태양열 물펌프의 실험적 성능분석)

  • Kim Y. B.;Son J. G.;Lee S. K.;Kim S. T.;La W. J.;Lee Y. K.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.29 no.6 s.107
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    • pp.521-530
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    • 2004
  • The solar powered water pump is very ideal equipment because solar power is more intensive when the water is more needed in summer and it is very helpful in the rural area, in which electrical power is not available. The average solar radiation power is $3.488\;kWh/(m^2{\cdot}day)$ in Korea. In this study, the experimental system of the water pump driven by the radiation energy were designed, assembled, tested and analyzed fur realizing the solar powered water pump. Energy conversion ken radiation energy to mechanical energy by using n-pentane as operating material was done and the water pumping cycles were able to be continued. The quantity of the water pumped per cycle ranged from 2 L to 10 L depending on the level of the valve open area far the vapour supply. The average quantity was about 4,366 cc. The thermal efficiency was about $0.018\%$. The pressure level of the n-pentane vapour in flash tank was about $110\~150\;kPa$ and that in the water tank was $93\~130\;kPa$. The pressure in the condenser during cycles was maintained as about 70 kPa. The condensation of the n-pentane vapour in the water tank was increased with the cycles even though the internal and external insulation were done. Air tank performance was better with increasing of the water piston displacement and the water could be pumped with the water piston displacement becoming higher than 6,500 cc.