• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.177-184
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• 2003

Stabilization mechanism of lifted flame in the near field of coflow jets has been investigated experimentally and numerically for methane fuel diluted with nitrogen. Lifted flames were observed only in the near field of coflow jets until blowout occurred in the normal gravity condition. To elucidate the stabilization mechanism for the stationary lifted flames in the near field of coflow jets for the diluted methane having the Schmidt number smaller than unity, the behaviors of the stationary lifted flame in microgravity and unsteady propagation phenomena were investigated numerically at various conditions of jet velocity. It has been founded that the buoyancy plays an important role for flame stabilization of lifted flame in normal gravity and the stabilization mechanism is due to the significant variation of the propagation speed of lifted flame edge compared to the local flow velocity at the edge.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.699-708
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• 2009

To understand hydrogen jet liftoff height, the stabilization mechanism of turbulent lifted jet flames under non-premixed conditions was studied. The objectives were to determine flame stability mechanisms, to analyze coexistence of two different flame structure, and to characterize the lifted jet at the flame stabilization point. Hydrogen flow velocity varied from 100 to 300 m/s. Coaxial air velocity was changed from 12 to 20 m/s. Simultaneous velocity field and reaction zone measurements used, PIV/OH PLIF techniques with Nd:YAG lasers and CCD/ICCD cameras. Liftoff height decreased with the increase of fuel velocity. The flame stabilized in a lower velocity region next to the faster fuel jet due to the mixing effects of the coaxial air flow. The flame stabilization was related to turbulent intensity and strain rate assuming that combustion occurs where local flow velocity and turbulent flame propagation velocity are balanced. At the flame base, two different flame structures were found that was the partial premixed flames and premixed flame.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.3344-3351
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• 1995

The stability of diffusion flame formed behind a bluff body with fuel injection slits was experimentally investigated in various fuel injection angles, fuel injection ratios, grids and extension ducts. The flame stability limits, temperature distributions and length of recirculation zones, direct photographs of flames were measured in order to discuss the stabilization mechanism of the diffusion flame. The results from this study are as follows. The fuel injection angle is an important factor in determining the flame stability. Stability limits can be improved by variety of the fuel injection ratio. When the grid and extension duct are set, stability characteristics are varied with the blockage ratios, grid intervals, and grid numbers. The recirculation zone not only serves as a steady ignition source of combustion stream but also governs the stabilization mechanism.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.119-121
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• 2014

In general, high temperature combustion technique has been adopted as an efficient one. However, hydrocarbon-based fuel can be decomposed under high temperature, and it can affect the stabilization mechanism of edge flame. In this research, basic experimental study was conducted to identify the effect of fuel pyrolysis on the lift-off flame stabilization by changing the temperature of the plug flow reactor. Schmidt number of the gas fuel can be changed with temperature variation due to the fuel pyrolysis. Eventually, this study will help to establish and clarify the stabilization mechanism of lift-off edge flame.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 2010

Flame propagation velocity is the one of the main mechanism of the stabilization of triple flame. To quantify the triple flame propagation velocity, Bilger presents the triple flame propagation velocity through the experiment, depending on the mixture fraction gradient, based on the laminar jet flow theory. However, in spite of these many analyses, there has not been any attempt to quantify the triple flame propagation velocity with the radius of flame curvature. In the present research, a relation of the flame propagation velocity is proposed with the radius of flame curvature for the flame stabilization mechanism. As a result, we have shown that the height of lifted flame is determined with the nozzle diameter and exit velocity of fuel and presented that the radius of flame curvature is proportion to the nozzle exit velocity of fuel and height of lifted flame. Therefore, the importance of the radius of flame curvature has to be recognized. To discribe the flame stabilization mechanism, Bilger's formula has to be modified with flame curvature effect.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.387-389
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• 2014

Laminar lifted methane jet flame diluted with nitrogen and helium in co-flow air has been investigated experimentally. This paper examines the role of chemistry, intermediate species responsible for stabilization of lifted flame. To elucidate the stabilization mechanism in lifted methane jet flames with Sc<1, the chemiluminescence intensities of $CH^*$ and $OH^*$ were measured using ICCD camera at various nozzle exit velocities and fuel mole fractions. It has been observed that the $OH^*$ species can play an important role in stabilization of lifted methane jet flame as they are good indicators of heat release rate which can affect on flame speed and increase stability through reduction in ignition delay time.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2014

Laminar lifted methane jet flame diluted with nitrogen and helium in co-flow air has been investigated experimentally. This paper examines the role of chemistry, intermediate species responsible for stabilization of lifted flame. To elucidate the stabilization mechanism in lifted methane jet flames with Sc<1, the chemiluminescence intensities of $CH^*$ and $OH^*$ were measured using ICCD camera at various nozzle exit velocities and fuel mole fractions. It has been observed that the $OH^*$ species can play an important role in stabilization of lifted methane jet flame as they are good indicators of heat release rate which can affect on flame speed and increase stability through reduction in ignition delay time.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.477-485
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• 2009

The study of nitrogen dilution effect on the flame stability was experimentally investigated in a non-premixed turbulent lifted hydrogen jet with coaxial air. Hydrogen gas was used as a fuel and coaxial air was used to make flame liftoff. Each of hydrogen and air were injected through axisymetric inner and outer nozzles ($d_F=3.65\;mm$ and $d_A=14.1\;mm$). And both fuel jet and coaxial air velocity were fixed as $u_F=200\;m/s$ and $u_A=16\;m/s$, while the mole fraction of nitrogen diluents gas was varied from 0.0 to 0.2 with 0.1 step. For the analysis of flame structure and the flame stabilization mechanism, the simultaneous measurement of PIV/OH PLIF laser diagnostics had been performed. The stabilization point was selected in the most upstream region of the flame base and defined as the point where the turbulent flame propagation velocity was equal to the axial component of local flow velocity. We found that the turbulent flame propagation velocity increased with the decrease of nitrogen mole fraction. We concluded that the turbulent flame propagation velocity was expressed as a function of turbulent intensity and axial strain rate, even though nitrogen diluents mole fraction was changed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1996

The stabilization characteristics of diffusion flame formed behind a bluff body with fuel injection slits was experimentally investigated by varying main fuel injection angles and auxiliary fuel injection conditions. The flame stability limits, temperature and length of recirculation zone, direct and schlieren photographs of flames were measured in order to study the stabilization mechanism of the diffusion flame. The results of this investigation are as follows. The stability limits can be improved by the condition of the kind and quanity of the injected auxiliary fuel. The length and temperature decrease with injection of auxiliary fuel, and these phenomena are remarkable when LPG is injected into the recirculation zone. When the LPG is injected into the recirculation zone, flame remains sooty. Fluctuation of fuel and main stream is generated actively by air injection.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.139-144
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• 2007

A micro cyclone combustor was developed to be used as a component of mobile power generator (MPG). The cyclone combustor was designed so that fuel and air were supplied to the combustion chamber separately to prevent a flash-back. The flame shape stabilized inside the micro cyclone combustor was visualized experimentally and the flow field and the combustion characteristics of the combustor were investigated numerically. The global equivalence ratio (${\Phi}$), defined using the fuel and air flow rates, was introduced to examine the overall flow and flame features of the combustor. The flame stabilization mechanism could be well understood using the velocity distribution inside the combustor. For only non-reacting case, it was found that a weak recirculating zone was formed upper the fuel-supplying tube in case of ${\Phi}$ < 1.0. It was also found that small regions that have a negative axial velocity exist near the fuel injection ports for both of non-reacting and reacting case. It was identify that a flame front was stabilized at the negative axial velocity regions near the fuel injection ports.