• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.430-434
• /
• 1989

The effect on pretreatments with sugar and blanching on the quality of dried carrot flake were investigated. The color of carrot flakes soaking in sugar solution for 2 mins $(60^{\circ}C,\;30 Brix)$ after water blanching $(100^{\circ}C,\;10 min)$ was similar to fresh carrots and the carrot flakes contained relatively high carotene and $Cu^{++}$ values. The osmotic dehydration with sugar solution $(80^{\circ}C,\;40\;Brix)$ prior to air drying reduced browning reaction and shrinkage. According to sensory test, no significant difference occured, after osmotic dehydration, among air drying. But there was a significant difference occured air drying after water blanching.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.162-170
• /
• 2013

The effects of Mn content and cooling rate on the eutectic reaction of flake graphite cast irons were studied by a combined analysis of macro/micro-structure and cooling curve data. The correlation between the eutectic reaction parameter and macro/microstructure was systematically investigated. Two sets of chemical compositions with different Mn contents were designed to cast. Three types of molds for cylindrical specimens with different diameters were prepared to analyze the cooling rate effect. The difference between undercooling temperature and cementite eutectic temperature (${\Delta}T_1=T_U-T_{E,C}$), which is decreased by increasing the Mn content or increasing the cooling rate, is considered to be a suitable eutectic reaction parameter for predicting graphite morphology. According to the criterion, A-type graphite is mainly suggested to form for ${\Delta}T_1$ over $20^{\circ}C$, and D-type graphite is mainly suggested to form for ${\Delta}T_1$ below $0^{\circ}C$. Eutectic reaction time (${\Delta}T$), which is increased by increasing the Mn content and decreased by increasing the cooling rate, is regarded as a suitable eutectic reaction parameter for predicting eutectic cell size. Eutectic cell size is found to decrease in proportion to the decrease of ${\Delta}T$.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 1986

Gamma irradiation as a new physical treatment was applied to comparative researches with a conventional chemical fumigant on the microbiologicai and physicochemical qualities of selected agricultural products such as powdered hot pepper soybean paste,. oyste.mushroom powder, carrot flake, and raw sesame. The microorganisms contaminated in the sample, including total bacteria, thermophiles, acid tolerant bacteria, fungi, osmophilic molds and coliforms were sterilized with irradiation doses of 7-10 kGy, while ethylene oxide (E.O) fumigation proved insufficient for the destruction of them. An optimum dose of irradiation was less detrimental than E.O. fumigation to the physicochemical properties of the sample. Sensory evaluation after three months of storage at room temperatures showed that the overall acceptability of irradiated sample was higher than that of the non treated control as well as E.O. fumigated samples.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.495-500
• /
• 2011

Separation of naphthalene from pyrolyzed fuel oil, by product of Naphta cracking process (NCC) process, has been accomplished by the solvent extraction, distillation and purification process. The residual pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO), called precursor of carbon materials, has been calcined at $300{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ in nitrogen gas to raw pitch. After the treatment of PFO by hexane and methanol, either a flake phased carbon at $350^{\circ}C$ or a carbon sphere at above $400^{\circ}C$ forms. As the calcination temperature increases, the shape of raw pitch changes from the flake phase to the sphere one, and the size of them decreases to several ${\mu}m$. Based on the BET and XRD spectrum, the carbon sphere is classified to a mesophase amorphous carbon with a cubic phase.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.420-426
• /
• 2024

This study proposes an innovative methodology for developing flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) capable of conforming to three-dimensional shapes, meeting the increasing demand for electronic circuits in diverse and complex product designs. By integrating a traditional flat plate-based fabrication process with a subsequent three-dimensional thermal deformation technique, we have successfully demonstrated an FPCB that maintains stable electrical characteristics despite significant shape deformations. Using a modified polyimide substrate along with Ag flake-based conductive ink, we identified optimized process variables that enable substrate thermal deformation at lower temperatures (~130℃) and enhance the stretchability of the conductive ink (ε ~30%). The application of this novel FPCB in a prototype 3D-shaped sensor device, incorporating photosensors and temperature sensors, illustrates its potential for creating multifunctional, shape-adaptable electronic devices. The sensor can detect external light sources and measure ambient temperature, demonstrating stable operation even after transitioning from a planar to a three-dimensional configuration. This research lays the foundation for next-generation FPCBs that can be seamlessly integrated into various products, ushering in a new era of electronic device design and functionality.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2015

In order to prepare a low-cost conductive filler material possessing improved anti-oxidation property, Ag-coated Cu flakes were fabricated and the effects of an applying method of ammonium-based pretreatment solution on the Cu flakes were analyzed. The pretreatment solution was used to remove the surface oxide layer on Cu flake. During a single-stage pretreatment process, hole-shaped defects were formed on the flake surface during the pretreatment after 2 min, and the number and size increased in proportion to the pretreatment time. In the case that Ag plating solution was injected in the pretreatment solution after the pretreatment for 2 min, the defects were also formed during Ag plating. In contrast, the defects tremendous decreased in the case that the pretreatment solution was removed after the first pretreatment for 2 min and the Ag plating proceeded after the second pretratment using a low concentration pretreatment solution. As the final result, the 15 wt% Ag-coated Cu flake sample which was fabricated using the single-stage pretreatment oxidized at $166^{\circ}C$, but the sample fabricated by the double-stage pretreatment oxidized at $224^{\circ}C$, indicating definitely improved anti-oxidation property.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.39-41
• /
• 2011

The recycling rate of recovered paper in Korea is the highest in the world, 92%, but remanufacturing yield is low due to the extremely poor quality of the paper. The poor quality, in turn, influences to the reject amount in deinking process. To increase the yield of old newspaper recycling process, hydrophobic degree of inorganic pigments of deinking stock must be reduced. To determine the hydrophobicity, Pitch Potential Deposit Tester (PDT) was newly designed and applied with respect to the SB latex property of various quality used in Korea; its hydrophobic degree according to Tg, gel content, charge and particle size of latex and optimum designing condition of SB latex. And below are the conclusions: 1. The reason of excessive reject from old newspaper deinking process for total amount of printed ink is loss of inorganic pigments. When lipase, a biochemical catalyst, was applied with the purpose of preventing inorganic pigments loss about more than 70% of total reject weight and promoting hydration of pulp for deinking, deinking process yield of pre flotation secondary stage increased remarkably without any changes of deinking efficiency. 2. Lipase improved deinking stock by cutting ester linkage on surface of hydrophobic materials to promote its hydration. From this, it reached the conclusion that hydration degree of stock exercises significant effect on flotation deinking process yield. 3. Inorganic alkali promotes hydration of deinking stock. But there have been needs for more fundamental measures other than inorganic alkali of promoting hydration for yield improvement. For this, this study intended to find out reasons of chemical properties change on surface of hydrophobic material by change of pH. 4. Pitch Deposit Test (PDT) was performed for understanding principle of why surface of coating flake from OMG is hydrophobic and why it becomes hydrophilic when pH of stock is alkaline. As a result of this test, it is determined that swelling property by change of pH of latex film, which were used as coating adhesive is the reason for hydrophobic change. 5. Hydrophilicity of coating flake increased with hydrophilic pigments. And as more of SB Latex adhesive was used and higher of calcium hardness of stock became, its hydrophilicity decreased. SB Latex adhesive film is reformed by mechanical friction. For having hydrophilicity under neutral pH, strong bruising action such as kneading is required. 6. Because swelling of adhesive film decreases as Tg of SB latex gets lower and mean diameter gets smaller, it shows hydrophobicity under neutral pH. This lowers hydrophilicity of coating flake, which leads to easy elimination with flotation reject on DIP process. Therefore, for improving future flotation yield, it is necessary to develop to use eco-friendly clean SB latex by raising Tg and increasing mean diameter for recycling, and as a result, to reduce excessive loss of coating flake as a reject from deinking process.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2005

Microwave-assisted extraction (50 W, 2,450 MHz, MAE) with properties of selective heating and subsequent extraction for certain phytochemicals from natural materials was applied to pre-establish the extraction conditions for total yield total phenolics, and electron donating ability (EDA) from Brossica oleacea. The experiments with $50\%$ EtOH solvent showed that 20 mesh in particle size of cabbage flake $(moisture\;4.5\%)$ and 1:10 (g/mL) in the sample to solvent ratio for both raw $(moisture\;90.2\%)$ and flake cabbages were optimal for MAE efficiency. Under these conditions, total yield increased with extraction tim, which was highest for raw cabbage extract in $50\%\;EtOH$ solvent followed by $100\%\;EtOH$ and water. While that of flake cabbage extracts was highest in $50\%\;EtOH$ followed by water and $100\%\;EtOH$. The contents of total phenolics and EDA in extracts gradually increased after 3 min of MAE, which were highest when using $100\%\;EtOH$ solvent followed by $50\%\;EtOH$ and water in raw cabbage and $50\%\;EtOH$ followed by water and $100\%\;EtOH$ in flake cabbage, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.18-18
• /
• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.82-83
• /
• 2015