• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2011

Vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses two flagella systems: polar and lateral flagella for swimming in liquid and swarming on solid surfaces or in viscous environments. To elucidate the pathogenic role of these dual flagella systems, we constructed single- and double-deletion mutants of the lafA and flhAB flagellum genes and investigated their biofilm formation, cell adhesion, and colonization of the small intestine of suckling mice. The double-mutant strain was more impaired in biofilm formation than either of the single-mutant strains. In addition, the lafA, flhAB, and double-mutant strains showed 40%, 45%, and 60%, respectively, lower adherence to HeLa cells than the wild-type strain. Moreover, the lafA, flhAB, and double-mutant strains exhibited 49%, 5.6 and 6.7 times, respectively, lower colonization in a competition assay than the wild-type strain. These findings indicated that polar flagella were more important than lateral flagella for the pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1978

Five strains of the Genus Rhizobium were isolated from the nodules of five leguminous plants respectively. They were identified according to Bergey's Manual together with the results of Vincent. The flagella of each strains were observed by electron microscope using negative staining with PTA and metal shadowing with chromium. Five host plants and identified Rhizobium strains were as. follows. Pisum sativum.....R. leguminosarum Phaseolus vulgaris.....R. phaseoli Trifolium repens.....R. trifolii Glycine max.....R. japonicum Lupinus grandiflorus.....R. lupini Electron micrographs showed that R. leguminosarum and R. phaseoli had 4 peritrichous flagella, where as R. trifolii had 5 peritrichous flagella. On the other hand, R. japonicum and R. lupini had 1 subpolar flagellum.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-83
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• 1989

The flagella antigenic variation of nine Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki temperature-sensitive mutants grown at the permissive temperature (3$0^{\circ}C$) was detected by a serological agglutination between H-antigen and antiserum. The flagella antigens were injected to rabbits to prepared their antisera, and then their homologous and heterologous titers of the antisera were measured. The homologous titers were ranged from 1:6,400 to 1:12,800, but the heterologous titers were very low. The H-antigen of the wild type strain was not agglutinated to 4 heterologous antisera, ts-U23 not to 7, ts-U3l not 5, ts-U32 not to 4, ts-U33 not to 7, ts-U7l not to 4, ts-U73 not to 6, ts-U74 not to 6, ts-U91 not to 4 and ts-U603 not to 4 antisera.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 1998

가금 및 가축의 살모넬라중을 일으키는 에서 편모항원을 순수분리하고 이를 면역원으로 산란계에 면역하여 난황 중에 형성된 항체와 혈청간에 면역 반응을 조사하고 생산된 에 대한 특이난황 항체의 특이성 검사와 항체회수율 검사를 실시한 결과S. enteritidis는 다음과 같다. 1. S. enteritidis에서 순수 분리한 flagella protein 의 분자량은 54.6 kDa으로 나타났다. 2. 산란계의 혈청중 항체가 형성은 면역 후 2주경부터 급격히 증가하기 시작하여 6주경에 최고의 항체가 수준에 도달하였다. 반면에 난황중 항체가는 면역 후 4주경부터 급격히 증가하기 시작하여 6주경에 혈청항체가 수준과 동일하게 도달되며, 10주 이후에는 혈청항체가 수준보다 높게 형성되어 일정한 수준을 유지하였다. 3. S. enteritidis의 flagella protein을 면역원으로 산란계에 면역하여 생산된 난황항체는 주로 S. enteritidis 균주에서만 특이적으로 반응하며 E. coli (Kl2:K99, K88+, 987P) 균체에서는 반응이 전혀 없는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 한개의 난으로부터 분리한 IgY의 함량은 106 mg이었으며 회수율은 88.3％였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1871-1879
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• 2015

The complex roles of flagella in the pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of worldwide foodborne diarrheal disease, are important. Compared with the wild-type, an insertional mutation of the flgA gene (cj0769c) demonstrated significant decrease in the biofilm formation of C. jejuni NCTC11168 on major food contact surfaces, such as polystyrene, stainless steel, and borosilicate glass. The flgA mutant was completely devoid of flagella and non-motile whereas the wild-type displayed the full-length flagella and motility. In addition, the biofilm formation of the wild-type was inversely dependent on the viscosity of the media. These results support that flagellar-mediated motility plays a significant role in the biofilm formation of C. jejuni NCTC11168. Moreover, our adhesion assay suggests that it plays an important role during biofilm maturation after initial attachment. Furthermore, C. jejuni NCTC11168 wild-type formed biofilm with a net-like structure of extracellular fiber-like material, but such a structure was significantly reduced in the biofilm of the flgA mutant. It supports that the extracellular fiber-like material may play a significant role in the biofilm formation of C. jejuni. This study demonstrated that flgA is essential for flagellar biosynthesis and motility, and plays a significant role in the biofilm formation of C. jejuni NCTC11168.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2014

The GacS/GacA two component system regulates various traits related to the biocontrol potential of plant-associated pseudomonads. The role of the sensor kinase, GacS, differs between strains in regulation of motility. In this study, we determined how a gacS mutation changed cell morphology and motility in Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. The gacS mutant cells were elongated in stationary-phase compared to the wild type and the complemented gacS mutant, but cells did not differ in length in logarithmic phase. The gacS mutant had a two-fold increase in the number of flagella compared with the wild type strain; flagella number was restored to that of the wild type in the complemented gacS mutant. The more highly flagellated gacS mutant cells had greater swimming motilities than that of the wild type strain. Enhanced flagella formation in the gacS mutant correlated with increased expression of three genes, fleQ, fliQ and flhF, involved in flagellar formation. Expression of these genes in the complemented gacS mutant was similar to that of the wild type. These findings show that this root-colonizing pseudomonad adjusts flagella formation and cell morphology in stationary-phase using GacS as a major regulator.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2003

1. S. choleraesuis, S. typhimurium, S. dublin에서 순수 분리한 flagella protein의 분자량은 각각 53.4 kDa, 51 kDa, 54.6 kDa으로 나타났다. 2. 산란계의 혈청 중 항체역가 수준은 면역 후 2주경 부터 급격히 증가하기 시작하였고 난황 중 항체역가의 수준은4 주경 부터 급격히 증가하기 시작하였다. 6주와 8주경 이 후 부터는 난황항체역가가 혈청 항체역가보다 높은 수준을 유지하거나 계속 증가하였다. 3. Salmonella flagella protein을 면역원으로 산란계에 면역하여 생산된 난황항체는 150,000배 희석 시 각각의 Salmonella 균주에서 특이적으로 각각의 항원에 반응하였다. 4. 난황 1 ml당 IgY의 함량은 약 31 mg∼33 mg이었으며, IgY의 함량은 단백질 함량의 약27%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 실험실조건하에서 난황항체의 항원결합능력을 조사한 결과 동결건조한 WSF을 2∼4 mg/ml첨가 시 균체의 농도가 $10^{9}$ CFU/ml에서 $10^{5}$∼$10^{6}$ CFU/ml로 급격하게 감소하였다.다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1824-1828
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• 2016

AcrR, the toxic-compounds-response regulator, regulates motility in microorganisms, presumably to escape from toxic environments. In this study, the genome-wide target genes of AcrR were investigated in a ΔacrR mutant strain by microarray analysis. In the absence of AcrR, the transcription of most flagella/motility genes was highly increased. In addition, flagella formation was increased in this mutant strain. Motility assays revealed that AcrR modulates swimming motility, but not swarming.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1982

The phages of Bacillus subtilis SNU 816 were observed by electron microscope with their host. The results are as follows; The phage had hexagonal head, contractile tail sheath and base plate with six tail fibers. During the lysis of bacteria due to attack of phage, dissolution of flagella were initiated from distal end of flagella.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

Kinesin-13 (Kin-13), a depolymerizer of microtubule (MT), has been known to affect the length of Giardia. Giardia Kin-13 (GlKin-13) was localized to axoneme, flagellar tips, and centrosomes, where phosphorylated forms of Giardia polo-like kinase (GlPLK) were distributed. We observed the interaction between GlKin-13 and GlPLK via co-immunoprecipitation using transgenic Giardia cells expressing Myc-tagged GlKin-13, hemagglutinin-tagged GlPLK, and in vitro-synthesized GlKin-13 and GlPLK proteins. In vitro-synthesized GlPLK was demonstrated to auto-phosphorylate and phosphorylate GlKin-13 upon incubation with [γ-³²P]ATP. Morpholino-mediated depletion of both GlKin-13 and GlPLK caused an extension of flagella and a decreased volume of median bodies in Giardia trophozoites. Our results suggest that GlPLK plays a pertinent role in formation of flagella and median bodies by modulating MT depolymerizing activity of GlKin-13.