• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2014

In patients having a short nose with a short septal length and/or severe columellar retraction, a septal extension graft is a good solution, as it allows the dome to move caudally and pushes down the columellar base. Fixing the medial crura of the alar cartilages to a septal extension graft leads to an uncomfortably rigid nasal tip and columella, and results in unnatural facial animation. Further, because of the relatively small and weak septal cartilage in the East Asian population, undercorrection of a short nose is not uncommon. To overcome these shortcomings, we have used the septal extension graft combined with a derotation graft. Among 113 patients who underwent the combined procedure, 82 patients had a short nose deformity alone; the remaining 31 patients had a short nose with columellar retraction. Thirty-two patients complained of nasal tip stiffness caused by a septal extension graft from previous operations. In addition to the septal extension graft, a derotation graft was used for bridging the gap between the alar cartilages and the septal extension graft for tip lengthening. Satisfactory results were obtained in 102 (90%) patients. Eleven (10%) patients required revision surgery. This combination method is a good surgical option for patients who have a short nose with small septal cartilages and do not have sufficient cartilage for tip lengthening by using a septal extension graft alone. It can also overcome the postoperative nasal tip rigidity of a septal extension graft.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.590-594
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• 2011

An aminocarboxy aspartic acid-bonded silica (Asp-Silica) stationary phase was synthesized using L-aspartic acid as ligand and silica gel as matrix. The standard protein mixtures were separated with prepared chromatographic column. The effects of solution pH, salt concentration and metal ion on the retention of proteins were examined, and also compared with traditional iminodiacetic acid-bonded silica (IDA-Silica) column. The results show that Asp-Silica column exhibited an excellent separation performance for proteins. The retention of proteins on Asp-Silica stationary phase was consistent with electrostatic characteristic of cation-exchange. The stationary phase displayed typical metal chelate property after fixing copper ion (II) on Asp-Silica. Under competitive eluting condition, protein mixtures were effectively isolated. Asp ligand showed better ion-exchange and metal chelating properties as compared with IDA ligand.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.400-407
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• 2012

Plant growth regulators are the chemicals that are found in plants and produced synthetically. In agricultural applications, plant hormones are used in minor quantities for fixing the problems. In our research, we studied the effects of 2,4 diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D), which is an auxin used in agricultural applications. Auxins are the group that are used most popularly in plant growth regulators. In our study, different doses of 2,4 diclorophenoxyacetic acid are given to zebrafish, and ovarium tissues are observed histomorphologically. We generated one control and three experiment groups from the stock solution. The experiment was carried out in 20 liter capacity complete glass aquarium at $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ water temperature. After five days of application, fishes were dissected. Histomorphological changes of the ovarium were investigated under a light microscope. A decrease in the number of oocytes in zebrafish ovarium was observed when compared with the control group. Many deformed and underdeveloped oocytes were detected. An increase in the number of atretic oocytes was observed. It was deduced that acute doses of 2,4 diclorophenoxyacetic acid decelerates oogenesis in fishes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.66-72
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• 1995

The rate of fixation of the components were evaluated in CCA-Type B and CCFZ-treated radiata pine sapwood by quantitative analysis of solution expressed from the treated wood. The leaching characteristics of radiata pine blocks treated with CCA-Type B and CCFZ were also evaluated by the AWPA standard leaching test. Both fixation and leaching charactersistics of CCA-Type B were compared with CCA-Type C treated wood samples. The rate of CCA-Type B fixation was a little faster than that of CCFZ. However, significant amounts of arsenic was unfixed in the CCA-Type B treated samples and consequently leached. These significant quantities of arsenic liberated from the CCA-Type B treated wood during service may pose some environmental concerns. Arsenic was no longer detectable from CCA-Type C treated samples when fixation was complete, even though the fixation of CCA-Type C was slower in some degree than CCA-Type B. In summary, it could be said that CCFZ was much safer preservative than CCA-Type B by the criterion based on the relative hazard assessed by absolute amount of unfixed element present in the treated wood. Also the decision that CCA preservative has to move from Type B to Type C should be made sooner or later for continuous use of CCA preservative in the future.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권4_2호
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• pp.541-547
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• 2022

Before making a prototype, we predicted the inlet/outlet differential pressure and flow coefficient, which are the most basic design data for the valve through the design and numerical analysis of the trim, which is the most important in the localization development of the 1500Ib high differential pressure control valve used for boiler feed water. As a result, the design value and the analysis value were found to be about 98% similar. The flow field within the fluid velocity of 23m/s to prevent cavitation was also found. The result of the numerical analysis on thermal stress due to the characteristics of valves exposed to high temperatures showed that it was found to be about 18% less than the allowable stress of the bolt fixing the trim. When all loads such as pressure, self-weight, and vibration are applied, however, it is judged to go beyond the currently calculated thermal stress, exceeding the allowable stress.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1997-2002
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• 2010

ZnSe and ZnS:Mn nanocrystals were synthesized via the thermal decomposition of their corresponding organometallic precursors in a hot coordinating solvent (TOP/TOPO) mixture. The organic surface capping agents were substituted with EDTA molecules to impart hydrophilic surface properties to the resulting nanocrystals. The optical properties of the water-dispersible nanocrystals were analyzed by UV-visible and room temperature solution photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The solution PL spectra revealed emission peaks at 390 (ZnSe-EDTA) and 597 (ZnS:Mn-EDTA) nm with PL efficiencies of 4.0 (former) and 2.4% (latter), respectively. Two-photon spectra were obtained by fixing the excitation light source wavelengths at 616 nm (ZnSe-EDTA) and 560 nm (ZnS:Mn-EDTA). The emission peaks appeared at the same positions to that of the PL spectra but with lower peak intensity. In addition, the morphology and sizes of the nanocrystals were estimated from the corresponding HR-TEM images. The measured average particle sizes were 5.4 nm (ZnSe-EDTA) with a standard deviation of 1.2 nm, and 4.7 nm (ZnS:Mn-EDTA) with a standard deviation of 0.8 nm, respectively.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1998

Inhibition of nodule formation and nitrogen fixation by soil nitrogen, primarily nitrate, is well known in legume plants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ${NO_3}^-$ on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, and growth of supernodulating soybean mutant and its wild type. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare two of supernodulating mutants, 'SS2-2' and 'nts 382', with the normal nodulating cultivar 'Sinpaldalkong 2' when grown in a 1-l styroform cup filled with sand, and fertilized with five levels of ${NO_3}^-$ (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mM). During the growth period, each plant was supplied two or three times a week with 50 mL of nutrient solution. Supernodulating soybean mutants, SS2-2 and nts 382, showed more nodules and nodule mass, and greater $C_2\;H_2$ activity than the wild type, Sinpaldalkong 2, regardless of the level of exogeneous nitrogen supply. On the other hand, total dry weight of SS2-2 mutant, which was smaller than Sinpaldalkong 2, did not respond to the various ${NO_3}^-$-N levels. This suggested that supernodulating SS2-2 mutant could maintain fairly high total dry weight at the low ${NO_3}^-$-N level, even in the absence of exogeneous ${NO_3}^-$-N in the nutrient solution. From the reduced top growth and high nitrogen fixing ability of supernodulating mutants, it was surmised that supernodulating mutant could potentially protect agricultural environments from pollution through the reduction in nitrogen fertilization as well as maintain fairly high yield with increasing planting density.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.254-266
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• 2010

본 연구는 천안시를 대상으로 도시교통문제를 다루었다. 본 연구는 문헌조사와 실증조사를 병행하였다. 회수된 설문지 394부를 SPSS 15.0버전으로 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 천안시의 도시교통문제는 출 퇴근시의 교통체증 현상, 대중교통의 불편, 주차문제, 자동차로 인한 대기오염, 교통사고로 인한 불안 등을 들 수 있다. 교통문제의 개선방안으로는, 첫째, 합리적 교통수요의 관리에 따른 교통체계의 개선방안이 마련되어야 한다. 둘째, 천안시는 대중교통의 이용대상인 대학생이 많으므로 대학생을 대상으로 할인을 적용 대중교통 이용률을 높여야 한다. 셋째, 대중교통중심체제의 강화 및 개선을 통한 교통체증의 해결이 필요하다. 넷째, 도로 등 교통시설의 공급확대, 가로망체계 정비 및 신호운영체계의 개선을 적극적으로 추진해 나가야 한다. 특히 천안에는 오래된 도로의 정비가 필요하고 도로망이 복잡하게 얽혀있는데 이를 간단하게 개선함으로써 보다 접근성이 좋아질 것이다. 다섯째, 주차문제의 해결과 이용자들의 교통질서 의식함양 등 선진 교통문화의 정착이 필요하다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2001

WC-( $Ti_{1-x}$ A $l_{x}$) N coatings of constant changing Al concentration were deposited on S45C substrates by high-ionization sputtered PVD method. The Al concentration could be controlled by using evaporation source for Al and fixing the evaporation rate of the metals (i.e, WC- $Ti_{0.86}$A $l_{0.14}$N, WC- $Ti_{0.72}$A $l_{0.28}$N, and WC- $Ti_{0.58}$A $l_{0.42}$N). The corrosion behavior of WC-( $Ti_{1-x}$ A $l_{x}$)N coatings in a deaerated 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated by electrochemical corrosion tests and surface analyses. The measured galvanic corrosion currents between coating and substrate indicated that WC- $Ti_{0.72}$A $l_{0.28}$N coating showed the best resistance of the coating tested. The results of potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that the WC- $Ti_{0.72}$A $l_{0.28}$N coating deposited with 32W/c $m^2$ of Al target revealed higher corrosion resistance. This indicated that the WC- $Ti_{0.72}$A $l_{0.28}$N coating is effective in improving corrosion resistance. In EIS, the WC- $Ti_{0.72}$A $l_{0.28}$N coating showed one time constant loop and increased a polarization resistance of coating ( $R_{coat}$) relative to other samples. Compositional variations of WC-( $Ti_{1-x}$ A $l_{x}$)N coatings were analyzed by EDS and XRD analysis was performed to evaluate the crystal structure and compounds formation behavior. Surface morphologies of the films were observed using SEM and AFM. Scratch test was performed to measure film adhesion strength.strength. adhesion strength.strength.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

2011년 3월 11일 일본 동북부 태평양 연안지역 해저를 진앙으로 하는 규모 9.0의 도호쿠 대지진이 발생하였다. 이 지진은 역사상 4번째 규모의 지진으로 대형 쓰나미를 동반하여 많은 인명 및 재산피해를 유발하였다. 또한 미국 지질조사국에 따르면 지진이후 일본 동북부 지역이 약 2.4m 가량 이동된 것으로 보이며, 이에 따라 한반도 역시 지진의 영향권에 들었을 가능성이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국토지리정보원에서 운영중인 상시관측소 관측데이터를 이용하여 일본지진에 의한 우리나라 지각의 변위를 산출하고 결과를 분석하였다. Bernese V5.0을 사용하였으며, 지진 발생 전 후의 기선해석과 지진 발생 당시의 이동측위를 수행하였다. 기선해석을 통한 자료처리 시 효과적인 지각변동 확인을 위하여 두 가지 시나리오를 이용하였다. 첫 번째 시나리오로 진앙과 거리가 멀어 비교적 안정적이라고 판단되는 중국, 몽골, 러시아의 IGS 상시관측소를 고정하여 기선해석을 수행하였으며, 두 번째로는 우리나라 국가 기준점인 수원 관측소를 고정하여 기선해석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 일본 지진 이후, 한반도 지각이 대부분 동쪽방향으로 1.2cm에서 5.6cm 수준으로 이동한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 본 연구에서 대상으로 한 상시관측소 중 지진의 진앙과 가까운 독도, 울릉도 지역에서 가장 큰 변위가 나타났으며, 진앙으로부터 거리가 먼 제주의 지각이동이 가장 적은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이동측위 결과 지진 발생으로부터 약간의 시간 경과 후 우리나라 상시관측소에 신호가 감지되었다.