• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.1368-1370
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• 2000

The automotive environment presents to the FMCW radar sensor a multitude of moving and fixed targets and the sensor must detect and track only the targets which may pose a threat of collision or passengers accident. The sensor must function accurately in the presence of background echoes generated by moving and fixed targets, ground reflections, atmospheric noises, including rains, fog, and, snow and noise generated within the receiver. False detection of the desired target in this environment may issue false alarms. That may be dangerous to the passenger and the vehicle. A high false alarm rate is totally unacceptable. The false alarm mechanism consists of noise peaks, crossing the threshold and the undesired response of the system to off lane targets which are not potentially hazardous to the radar equipped vehicle. This paper presents an improve technique safety performance for driver-less operation using FMCW radar sensors.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.287-304
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• 2022

With the development of quantum computers, ring signature schemes based on large integer prime factorization, discrete logarithm problem, and bilinear pairing are under threat. For this reason, we design a ring signature scheme based on lattice with a fixed verification key. Compared with the previous ring signature scheme based on lattice, our design has a fixed verification key and does not disclose the signer's identity. Meanwhile, we propose an anonymous electronic voting scheme by using our ring signature scheme based on lattice and (t, n) threshold scheme, which makes up for the lack of current anonymous electronic voting that cannot resist attacks of the quantum computer. Finally, under standard model (SM), we prove that our ring signature scheme based on lattice is anonymous against the full-key exposure, and existentially non-forgeable against insider corruption. Furthermore, we also briefly analyze the security of our anonymous electronic voting scheme.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.771-778
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of linear polarized near-infrared ray radiation on experimental pain threshold in healthy adult subjects. Thirty healthy adult subjects were divided into 5 groups: 1) group 1, super lizer radiation at 0 % ; 2) group 2, super lizer radiation at 10 % ; 3) group 3, super lizer radiation at 20 % ; 4) group 4, super lizer radiation at 40 % ; 5) group 5, super lizer radiation at 80 %. The polarized near-infrared ray radiation was applied on LI 4 point of subject's right hand at a fixed time for 30 second. Experimental pain threshold were measured with electrical current on the right hand at 5 intervals for each radiation: 1) pretreat; 2) posttreat ; 3) posttreat of 1/2 hr ; 4) posttreat of 1 hr ; and 5) posttreat of 2 hrs. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance with repeated measures for pain threshold. No significant interaction between power output and time for pain threshold was found. Significant effects of power output and time for experimental pain threshold were found. Significant increase was noted in experimental pain threshold in group 4 and group 5 at posttreat, posttreat of 1/2, 1 hr and 2 hrs as a result of the applications of the polarized near-infrared ray radiation. This study indicate that polarized near-infrared ray radiation with above 40 % of power output increases pain threshold, thus possibly increasing options in choosing radiation output for treating pateint with pain. Further study is needed to compare the effects of these radiation in patients with clinical pain.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.225-232
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• 2005

We obtain the approximation order to a smooth function on a compact subset of $\mathbb{R}$ by generalized translation networks. In our study, the activation function is infinitely many times continuously differentiable function but it does not have special properties around ${\infty}$ and $-{\infty}$ like a sigmoidal activation function. Using the Jackson's Theorem, we get the approximation order. Especially, we obtain the approximation order by a neural network with a fixed threshold.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.676-679
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• 2006

In this letter, we propose an adaptive hard handoff algorithm with a dynamic hysteresis value based on the received signal strength from the serving base station, for mobile cellular communication systems. A discrete-time method is presented to evaluate handoff algorithms analytically. Performance is evaluated in terms of the average number of handoffs, the probability of link degradation, and the average handoff delay. Numerical results and simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the handoff algorithm with fixed hysteresis values and the handoff algorithm using both threshold and hysteresis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.293.2-293.2
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• 2016

The In this paper, we have fabricated the solution processed In-Ga-ZnO thin film transistors (IGZO TFTs) by varying indium and gallium ratio. The indium ratio of IGZO TFTs was changed from 1 to 5 at fixed gallium and zinc oxide atomic percent of 1:1 and gallium ratio was varied from 1 to 5 at fixed indium and zinc oxide atomic percent of 1:1. When the indium ratio was increased at fixed gallium and zinc oxide ratio of 1:1, threshold voltage was negatively shifted from 1.03 to -6.18 V and also mobility was increased from 0.018 to $0.076cm2/V{\cdot}sec$. It means that the number of carriers in IGZO TFTs were increased due to great formation of the oxygen vacancies which generate electrons. In contrast, when the gallium ratio was increased in IGZO TFTs with indium and zinc oxide ration of 1:1, the on/off current ratio was increased from $1.88{\times}104$ to $2.22{\times}105$. It is because gallium have stronger chemical bonds with oxygen than that with the zinc and indium ions that lead to the decreased in electron concentration.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

This paper proposes the cell scheduling algorithm proper to high-speed ATM switch. The proposed algorithm is the VRR(Variable weight Round Robin) combined the FRR to variant QLT. The FRR performs the cell service of the fixed weight by each buffer. So, FRR don't support the QoS of ATM service classes although it is easy to implement a high speed switch. VRR uses the method expaned to variable weight according to buffer state as well as schedules the cell according the Fixed weight based FRR. The simulation to evaluate the proposed algorithm was done by AweSim arid Visual C++. The result graphs show that the proposed algorithm is excellent, especially in the aspect of cell loss. This area is engaged by English Abstract.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 1999

Background: At present, there is no reliable objective test for the diagnosis of myofascial trigger points (MFTP). We evaluated the usefulness of skin resistance point finder for the diagnosis of MFTP. Methods: 40 subjects with clinical MFTPs at the upper trapezius muscle were included in this study. Using skin resistance point finder (UNIQUE S-2010$^{(R)}$, Seik medical, Korea), we tried to find out the point of low skin resistance. At three different current level, sensitivity and specificity of this method for the diagnosis of clinically identified MFTP was evaluated. Pressure threshold for pain of low skin resistance point was measured using Pressure Threshold Meter$^{(R)}$ (Pain Diagnostics and Thermography, U.S.A.). 3 groups of point detected at different current were compared in mean pressure threshold. Results: Fixed single current of skin resistance point finder showed variable sensitivity and specificity. But, by adjusting current level, skin resistance point finder detected all of 40 clinically identified MFTPs. Although it is partially statistically significant, the mean pressure threshold of points detected at high current was high. Conclusion: Skin resistance finder can be used as objective diagnostic tool of MFTPs. There is possibility that it can be useful in evaluating treatment effect. However, more investigation is necessary.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1A
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• pp.79-87
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• 2008

This paper investigates the in-plane stability of fixed shallow arches. The shape of the arches is parabolic and the uniformly distributed load is used in the study. The nonlinear governing equilibrium equation of the general arch is adopted to derive the incremental form of the load-displacement relationship and the buckling load of the fixed shallow arches. From the results, it is found that buckling modes (symmetric or asymmetric) of the arches are closely related to the dimensionless rise H, which is the function of slenderness ratio and the rise to span ratio of such arches. Moreover, the threshold of different buckling modes and buckling load for fixed shallow arches are proposed. A series of finite element analysis are conducted and then compared with proposed ones. From the comparative study, the proposed formula provides the good prediction of the buckling load of fixed shallow arches.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

We have analyzed low current operation characteristics of a VCSEL transmitter operating at fixed Current over wide temperature range. Used 850 nm oxide VCSEL has low temperature dependence of the threshold current and $d^2I_{th}/dT^2$ is approximately $1.346\times10^{-4}mA/^{\circ}C^2$. We fixed on-current so that output power from the chip is 1 mW at $20^{\circ}C$ and investigated the turn-on, turn-off characteristics and eye-diagram of the 850 nm oxide VCSEL transmitter with varying ambient temperature and off-current. We measured rise time, fall time, extinction ratio and timing jitter by changing tile ambient temperature and off-current. With the fixed off-current of around $0.1\sim0.2mA$ lower than the lowest threshold current the transmitter successfully operated at 1.25 Gbps over a wide temperature range from $-20^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$.