• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.161-183
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 변화하는 고령화사회에 대응하고 노인문제에 대비하기 위하여 교육적 차원에서 고등학생들이 자신의 노후를 준비할 수 있도록 '성공적인 노후생활 준비교육'을 위한 가정과 수업을 설계하고 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 실천적 문제 중심 교수 학습 과정안을 개발하였다. 2007년 개정 교육과정과 해설서를 분석하여 실천적 문제를 설정하고, 2007년 개정 교육과정과 제 7차 교육과정의 기술 가정, 가정과학, 인간발달 교과서, 청소년 대상 노인교육에 관한 선행연구의 내용 요소를 분석하여 5개의 공통 주제를 선정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 수업의 최종목표를 설정하였다. 실천적 문제는 '노후에 성공적이고 자립적인 생활을 하기 위해 우리는 무엇을 해야 하는가?이고, 주제는 고령화사회와 인구변화, 노인의 특성, 노후준비, 노인돌보기, 노인복지서비스이며, 선정된 5개의 주제는 다시 고령화사회와 노인에 대한 이해, 노후에 대한 개인 가족 사회의 준비 영역으로 나누어 재구성하였다. 수업의 최종 목표는 '고령화사회와 노인의 특성을 이해하고 자신의 행복한 노년의 삶을 준비하기 위해 현재 노인 문제가 발생한 배경을 비판적으로 추론하여 원인을 규명하고, 성공적이고 자립적인 노후를 준비할 수 있는 대안을 합리적으로 모색하며, 대안의 파급효과를 추론하여 가장 최선의 방법을 선택할 수 있는 문제해결능력을 기를 수 있다'로 설정하였다. 실천적 문제 중심 교수 학습 과정안은 총 5차시의 실천적 추론 수업으로 개발되었다. 이에 따라 실천적 문제 중심 '노후생활 준비교육'의 후속 연구로서, 고등학생의 노후준비교육을 일반화 할 수 있도록 보다 많은 학교 현장에서 정규 교과목 수업에 적용하여 그 효과를 검증하는 연구가 실시되기를 바라며, 실천적 추론 수업과 강의식 수업과의 비교 연구가 이루어져 실천적 추론 수업의 효과를 검증할 수 있는 후속연구가 필요함을 제언하였다.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.28-38
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 모친의 사회 경제적 요인과 구강건강신념이 유치우식증에 미치는 원인을 분석, 유아의 구강건강을 효과적으로 증진시키고자 전라북도 군산시에 거주하는 어린이집의 5, 6세 아동과 그 모친 174명을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 조사 방법은 아동의 구강검진과 그 모친의 사회 경제적인 요인과 구강건강신념모형이었으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 유치우식증 실태는 우식경험유치지수의 경우 5세 남아가 3.39개, 여아는 2.76개였으며, 6세 남자는 3.86개, 여아는 3.27개 였다. 또한 유치우식경험율은 5세 남아에서 가장 높게 나타났으며(81.8%), 우식유치율이 처치유치율보다 높게 나타났다. 그러나 6세 여아에서는 치료된 치아가 우식보다 높게 나타났다. 5세 유아의 처치유치율은 남아가 여아보다 높게 나타나 통계학적으로 유의하게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 사회경제적인 요인에 따른 유치우식증 실태는 모친의 취업 여부와 세대주의 연령에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 모친이 취업한 경우(84.7%)가 미취업(66.7%)보다 유치우식경험율에서 높게 나타나 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며(p<0.05), 또한 세대주의 연령이 40세 이상일 때 우식경험유치지수가 가장 높게 나타났으며(4.07개), 그 다음은 35~39세에서 3.83개, 25~29세에서 3.33개, 30~34세에서 2.15개로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 모친의 사회 경제적 요인에 따른 모친의 구강건강신념과의 통계학적으로 유의하게 나타난 것은 세대주의 학력, 시부모나 부모와의 동거 여부였다. 세대주의 학력은 구강질환에 때한 감수성과 심각성이 보통 정도 수준으로 고졸 하보다 대졸 이상에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.01)(p<0.05). 또한 시부모 또는 부모와의 동거 여부는 중요성이 낮았고 동거가 비동거보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 4. 유아의 우식경험유치지수가 모친의 구강건강신념과 연관성이 있었으며, 모친의 구강건강신념에 대한 유익성이 높을수록 아동의 우식경험유치지수가 낮게 나타났다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 1998

목적 : 수술과 방사선치료를 받은 이하선 악성종양에서 국소 종양 제어율에 영향을 주는 요인을 알기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1986년부터 1995년까지 전남대학교병원에서 이하선 악성 종양으로 수술과 방사선 치료를 함께 받은 26명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자의 연령 분포는 14세부터 72세까지였고 중앙간은 55세였다. 조직학적 유형별 분포는 10명이 점액표피양암종, 7명이 편평상피세포암, 4명이 포상세포암, 4명이 선양성낭종암, 1명이 선암이었다. 수술은 15명이 이하선 전절제술, 7명이 표재성 절제술, 4명이 아전절제술을 받았다. 안면신경이 절제된 경우는 5명 있었다. 수술 후 병리학적으로 잔존 병변이 있었던 경우가 4명, 절제연 양성이 4명이었다. 방사선치료는 선형가속기의 광자선과 전자선속을 사용하였다. 26명 중 11명은 광자선만으로 치료하였고 전자선이 병용된 경우는 15명이었으며 전자선량은 900 cGy부터 3800 cGy (중앙값: 1760 cGy)까지였다. 이하선종양 부위에 조사된 총방사선량은 5000 cGy부터 7560 cGy (중앙값 : 6020 cGy)까지였다. 대상 환자들의 최소추적기간은 2년이었다. 국소종양제어율의 산출은 Kaplan-Meier법을 이용하였고 단변량분석에는 generalized Wilcoxon test, 다변량분석에는 Cox 모델을 이용하였다. 결과 : 방사선 치료 후 국소종양의 재발은 25명 중 5명 (19$\%$)에서 관찰되었으며 국소종양제어율은 5년에 77$\%$였다. 환자의 5년 생존율은 70$\%$였다. 성별, 연령 (>60세), 종양크기 (>4 cm), 수술소견상 경부림프절 침범과 신경 침범, 절제연 침범 여부 및 총방사선량 (>60 Gy)의 요인이 국소 종양 제어율에 미치는 영향을 단변량 분석한 결과 종양 크기 (p=0.002), 절제연 침범 여부(p=0.011)에 따라 국소종양제어율에 있어서 통계학적으로 의의가 있는 차이를 보였다. 같은 요인들에 대한 다변량 분석에서는 종양 크기 (p=0.022)만이 국소 종양 제어율에 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 국소종양 제어율에 영향을 주는 여러가지 예후 인자들의 다변량 분석에서 종양 크기만이 의의가 있었으나 앞으로 더욱 많은 환자를 대상으로 연구가 요구된다.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.98-109
• /
• 2010

对于品牌资产的组成, 测量和管理的研究开始于David A.Aaker (1991) 和Kevin Lane Keller(1993). 最近, 很多的研究都集中于品牌资产的组成: 品牌意识, 质量预期, 产品形象和品牌忠诚度. 本文主要针对于这些成分间相互关系, 而且特别主意产品种类(实用或者享受)的调节作用. 基于以上所提及的关系所建立的模型可以参看图1. 本文的假设如下: 顾客的品牌意识对于顾客的忠诚度和品牌形象有积极的影响; 顾客的质量预期对于品牌忠诚度和品牌形象有积极的影响; 品牌形象对于品牌忠诚度有积极影响; 这些品牌资产成分间的关系可以被产品种类所调节. 具体说明就是, 对于实用性产品, 质量预期对于品牌忠诚度的作用会增强, 而对于享受产品品牌形象对于品牌忠诚度的作用会更强. 为了确定适用于本研究的产品, 58名首尔的大学生参加了前测. 结果是计算机被选择成为实用性产品, 而牛仔裤被选定成为享受产品. 每一种产品各选择了两个品牌: 三星和惠普以及李维斯和NIX. 在研究中, 首尔地区的237名大学生回答了问卷. 研究对象被划分为两组: 一组(121名)回答关于计算机的问卷, 其他的116名回答关于牛仔裤的问卷. 搜集的数据通过AMOS 7来验证可信度, 效度以及变量间的相互关系. 验证性因子分析证明本研究的模型是可以用来进一步研究的. 品牌资产成分间的相互关系也通过AMOS 7 来验证. 结果模型的结果展现在图2中. 质量预期对于品牌的形象有积极的影响, 但是品牌意识却没有. 但是品牌意识, 质量预期, 以及品牌形象都对品牌忠诚度有积极的影响. 并且, 这些关系受到产品种类的调节. 本文的研究结果可以增进我们对于品牌资产成分间相互关系的了解, 并且可以支撑对于品牌资产的测量. 本文也对于产品种类的作用进行了阐述. 在现实的营销管理中, 这些结果可以提供一些建议来有效保持品牌资产.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제3권
• /
• pp.78-98
• /
• 1997

Health education, as the most fundamental concept for national health promotion, alms for developing the self-care ability of the general public. High school days are regarded as the period when most important physical, mental and social developments occur, and most health-related behaviors are formed. School health education is one of the major learning resources influencing health potential in the home and community as well as for the individual student. High school health education in Korea has a fundamental systemic flaw in that health-related subjects are divided and taught under various subjects areas at school. In order to achieve the goal of school health education, it is essential to make a systematic assessment of the learner's concerns connected with his health and life, and the factors affecting them. So far, most of the research projects that had been carried out for improving high school health education were limited in their concerns to a particular aspect of health. Even though some had been done in view of comprehensive school health education, they failed to Include a health assessment of the learner. Therefore, in this study the high school students' concerns related to health and life were investigated in the first place on the basis of the PRECEDE model, developed by Green and others for the purpose of a comprehensive diagnostic research on high school health education. This study was done in two steps : one was the basic study for developing research instrument and the other was the main one. The former was conducted at five high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for 2 months-beginning in March, 1996. The students were asked to respond to questions related to their health and lives in unstructured open-ended question forms. On the basis of analysis of the basic study, the diagnostic instruments for the quality of life, health problems, health behavior and educational factors were constructed to be used for the collection of data for main study. An expert panel and the pilot study were used to improve content validity and reliability of the instruments. The reliability of the instruments was measured at between .7697 and .9611 by the Cronbach $\alpha$. The data for this study were collected from the sample consisted of the junior and senior classes of twenty general and vocational high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for two months period beginning in July, 1996. In analyzing the data, both t-test and $X^2$-test were done by using SAS-$PC^+$ Program to compare data between the sexes of the high school students and the types of high school. A canonical correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationships among the diagnostic variables, and a multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted by using LISREL 8.03 to ascertain the influences of variables on the high school students' health and quality of life. The results were as follows : 1) The findings of the hypothesis tests (1) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and behavioral, epidemiological, social diagnosis variables was .7221, which was significant at the level of p<.001. (2) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and the behavior variables was .6851, which also was significant (p<.001). (3) The canonical correlation between the behavioral diagnosis variables and the epidemiological variables was 4295, which was significant (p<.001). (4) The canonical correlation between the epidemiological diagnosis variables and the social variables was .6005, which was also significant (p<.001). Therefore, the relationship between each diagnosis variable suggested by the PRECEDE model had been experimentally proven to be valid, supporting the conceptual framework of the study as appropriate for assessing the multi-dimensional factors affecting high school students' health and quality of life. Health behavior self-efficacy, the level of parents' interest and knowledge of health, and the level of the perception of school health education, all of which are the educational diagnostic variables, are the most influential variables in students' health and quality of life. In particular, health behavior self-efficacy, a causative factor, was one of the main influential variables in their health and quality of life. Other diagnostic variables suggested in the steps of the PRECEDE model were found to have reciprocal relations rather than a unidirectional causative relationship. The significance of this research is that it has diagnosed the needs of high school health education by the learner-centered assessment of variety of factors related to the health and the life of the students. This research findings suggest an integrated system of school health education to be contrived to enhance the effectiveness of the education by strengthening the influential factors such as self-efficacy to improve the health and quality of the lives of high school students.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2002

본 실험은 청각 사상관련전위(ERP)를 이용하여 다양한 성격 특질 모형들의 생물학적 근거와, 구조의 공통점과 차이점을 명확히 하기 위해서 설계되었다. 48명의 대학생 피험자들에게 4가지 성격 측정 검사(NEO-Pl-R, EPQ-R, BIS/BAS 척도, IVE)를 시행하고, 이어 두 종류의 청각 자극 세트(50㎳와 300㎳)를 이용한 오드볼 과제를 통해 ERP를 측정하였다. 설문지 간의 상관과, 설문지와 ERP 내외생적 구성 요소 간의 상관, 그리고 그 상관의 두피 분포 양상을 통합적으로 고려하여 해석하였다. 각 성격 검사의 외향성 척도에 해당한다 할 수 있는 E, E, BAS-FUN은 양성 모두에서 높은 수준의 설문지 척도 간 정적 상관을 보였으나, 50㎳ 자극으로 유발된 P3 진폭은 E와 BAS-FUN에 대해서만 유의하게 높은 상관을 나타내었다 이 결과는 Eysenck의 모델과 일견 일치하는 결과이지만, 그가 개발한 EPQ-R의 외향성 척도(E)보다는 오히려 다른 척도들이 뇌파에 반영된 성격의 생물학적 기제를 측정하기 위한 적절한 도구일 수도 있음을 시사한다. 신경증적 경향성을 반영하는 N과 N 척도는 50㎳ 자극에 대한 여성 피험자의 N1, P2 진폭과 유의한 상관을 보였다. 그러나 이론적으로 두 척도에 등가적인 것으로 예상되었던 BIS 척도는 설문지 간 상관이나 ERP요소와의 상관에서 모두 유의한 결과를 보이지 않았다. Eysenck가 성격의 세 번째 축(차원)으로 제시했던 P(정신병적 경향성) 역시 여성 피험자들에게서 두드러지는 설문지간 상관을 보였으나, 300㎳자극에 대한 P2 진폭과의 정적인 상관은 양성을 합한 자료에서만 발견되었다. 여성의 상관 분포는 비록 통계적으로 유의한 수준에는 이르지 못하였으나, 양성 자료의 분포와 유사함이 확인되었다 이 실험의 결과는 P3 진폭과 외향성 간의 부적인 상관 관계를 보고하였던 기존 연구들을 지지한다. 또한 본 실험에서 확인된 Eysenck 모델의 신경증적 경향성이나 정신병적 경향성이 ERP의 비교적 초기에 나타나는 외생적 구성 요소들(Nl, P2)과의 상관 양상은, P3 요소에 집중하였던 기존 연구들이 외향성 이외의 차원으로 일관된 결과를 얻어내지 못했던 이유를 설명해줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 성격 차원과 그것을 지표 하는 ERP구성 요소 간의 관계를 해석할 때에 성별이나 유발 자극의 속성을 고려해야 함을 보여준다.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.401-419
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 국내의 교육실정에 맞는 한국형 학교차원의 긍정적 행동지원 1차 실행충실도 척도를 개발하고 타당화하는 것이었다. 다층지원으로 구성된 학교차원의 긍정적 행동지원 중 1차 지원인 보편적 지원은 학교의 전체 학생들을 대상으로, 학생들의 문제행동을 예방하는 목적으로 지원하는 단계이다. 본 연구에서 개발된 1차 실행충실도 척도는 문헌연구와 전문가의 내용타당도 검증을 거쳐 11개의 평가준거의 48개 예비문항으로 구성되었다. 그 후에 학교차원의 긍정적 행동지원을 실행한 경험이 있는 특수학교 교사 185명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 수집한 자료를 기반으로 1차 실행충실도 척도의 요인분석과 문항의 속성을 분석하고, 내적 일관성 계수를 이용한 신뢰도 분석을 하였으며, 긍정적 행동지원 평가도구, 학생지도척도, 학교풍토척도, 긍정적 행동지원 효과성 척도와의 상관분석을 통해 공인 타당도를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 1차 실행충실도 척도는 35문항의 5요인 구조가 가장 타당한 것으로 나타났고, 신뢰도도 양호하였다(Cronbach's α=.956, 각 하위요인별 α=.834~.951). 또한 긍정적 행동지원 평가도구, 학생지도척도, 긍정적 행동지원 효과성 척도와는 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 나타내었다. 그러나 학교풍토척도와는 유의미한 상관관계를 보이지 않았고 이에 대해 논의에서 다루었다. 종합해 볼 때, 본 연구에서 개발된 1차 실행충실도 척도는 학교 현장에서 보편적 지원 실행 시 매우 중요한 충실도를 신뢰롭고 타당하게 평가할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.183-196
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the agreement between job physical risk factor analysis by ergonomists using ergonomic methods and physical examinations made by occupational physicians on the presence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. Background: Ergonomics is the systematic application of principles concerned with the design of devices and working conditions for enhancing human capabilities and optimizing working and living conditions. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent injuries and physical and emotional stress. The major types of ergonomic injuries and incidents are cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), acute strains, sprains, and system failures. Minimization of use of excessive force and awkward postures can help to prevent such injuries Method: Initial data were collected as part of a larger study by the University of Utah Ergonomics and Safety program field data collection teams and medical data collection teams from the Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (RMCOEH). Subjects included 173 male and female workers, 83 at Beehive Clothing (a clothing plant), 74 at Autoliv (a plant making air bags for vehicles), and 16 at Deseret Meat (a meat-processing plant). Posture and effort levels were analyzed using a software program developed at the University of Utah (Utah Ergonomic Analysis Tool). The Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) was developed to assess the risk of epicondylitis from observable job physical factors. The model considers five job risk factors: (1) intensity of exertion, (2) forearm rotation, (3) wrist posture, (4) elbow compression, and (5) speed of work. Qualitative ratings of these physical factors were determined during video analysis. Personal variables were also investigated to study their relationship with epicondylitis. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between risk factors and symptoms of epicondyle pain. Results: Results of this study indicate that gender, smoking status, and BMI do have an effect on the risk of epicondylitis but there is not a statistically significant relationship between EEM and epicondylitis. Conclusion: This research studied the relationship between an Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) and the occurrence of epicondylitis. The model was not predictive for epicondylitis. However, it is clear that epicondylitis was associated with some individual risk factors such as smoking status, gender, and BMI. Based on the results, future research may discover risk factors that seem to increase the risk of epicondylitis. Application: Although this research used a combination of questionnaire, ergonomic job analysis, and medical job analysis to specifically verify risk factors related to epicondylitis, there are limitations. This research did not have a very large sample size because only 173 subjects were available for this study. Also, it was conducted in only 3 facilities, a plant making air bags for vehicles, a meat-processing plant, and a clothing plant in Utah. If working conditions in other kinds of facilities are considered, results may improve. Therefore, future research should perform analysis with additional subjects in different kinds of facilities. Repetition and duration of a task were not considered as risk factors in this research. These two factors could be associated with epicondylitis so it could be important to include these factors in future research. Psychosocial data and workplace conditions (e.g., low temperature) were also noted during data collection, and could be used to further study the prevalence of epicondylitis. Univariate analysis methods could be used for each variable of EEM. This research was performed using multivariate analysis. Therefore, it was difficult to recognize the different effect of each variable. Basically, the difference between univariate and multivariate analysis is that univariate analysis deals with one predictor variable at a time, whereas multivariate analysis deals with multiple predictor variables combined in a predetermined manner. The univariate analysis could show how each variable is associated with epicondyle pain. This may allow more appropriate weighting factors to be determined and therefore improve the performance of the EEM.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of retail businesses by dividing domestic retailers into discount stores, super supermarkets (SSMs), and department stores. It suggests retail-business investment strategies by using data environment analysis (DEA) to analyze how input elements such as store area, parking lot area, number of employees, and sales management expenses for the convenience of customers positively affect business performance measurements such as sales and visiting customers per day. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The DEA model calculates a ratio of the weighted mean of various inputs to the weighted mean of various outputs and measures the efficiency of a specific decision making unit (DMU). The study included 19 companies (five discount store DMUs, ten SSM DMUs, and four department store DMUs). Because the business elements and sizes of retail store DMUs used in this analysis are different, average per-store input and output variables were used. Data were collected from "The Yearbook of Retail Industry in Korea (2012)." DEA analysis was used to determine differences in efficiency among discount stores, SSMs, and department stores in terms of the business elements of each retail business. It was also used to determine what business elements were excessively invested in by comparing and analyzing efficiency by business elements using SPSS software's ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Results - The CCR and BCC efficiency analysis found that the efficiency of discount stores is low. We believe that the saturation state of discount stores is a major factor. The ANOVA analysis confirms the VRS hypothesis with a statistically significant difference among the three groups, based on an analysis confidence interval of 95%. CRS and SE were not found to be significantly different among the three groups. As for the post hoc test, which concretely shows differences by group, the Scheffe's multiple comparison analysis test found the average differences between group 1 (discount stores) and group 2 (SSM) to be statistically significant. Conclusions - The DEA efficiency analysis implies that investment in input elements, including store area, parking lot area, and sales management expenses, were excessive in the case of discount stores, while SSMs need to invest more in promotion activities such as gifts, events, and coupons for customer management. Department stores have found that small companies invest excessively in input elements. Department stores need to invest in differentiated shopping mall complexes. This study was limited in acquiring statistical data; various input variables which might have shown more secure customer management and promotional expenses could not be applied. As the study was limited in various aspects of the efficiency analyses because financial analyses of the companies and of causal relationships, including satisfaction and loyalty of visiting customers, were not done, these aspects will be examined in the next study.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to identify the effects of communication cues, anonymity, and social presence on group polarization in computer-mediated communication (CMC) settings. Extant literature has introduced some theoretical backgrounds of social presence and SIDE (Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects) to explain the effects of communication cues and anonymity. The concept of social presence emphasized the mediating role on communication cues and anonymity. However, most literature did not measure social presence and compare group polarization of all condition groups. This does not sufficiently explain the result of group polarization. Research design, data, and methodology - We believe that the direct impact of anonymity on group polarization can provide a more admissible and clearer explanation for the results. In addition, this study categorizes anonymity into two levels, as anonymity of group and anonymity of self. To justify the anonymity view, a laboratory experiment was conducted. The experiment was conducted in communication cues settings (visual cue; without visual cue) and anonymity settings (identified; anonymous). Each of the four settings has 10 groups consisting of five subjects each (total 200 subjects). The subjects are undergraduates from a large university, majoring in business. All experimental procedures and calculations of choice shift and preference change follow the literature. Results - First, the removal of visual cues does not produce a significant impact on group polarization, which cannot be explained by the social presence view. Second, the anonymous condition does not significantly affect group polarization, which also cannot be explained by the social presence view. However, the anonymous condition directly affects group polarization. Specifically, anonymity of self has a stronger effect on group polarization than anonymity of group. The result explains about the leading factor affecting group polarization. This study examines another view of how computer-mediated communication may be associated with group polarization. The process and outcome data from the experiment reveal that group polarization is not affected by level of social presence, but by level of anonymity. Group discussions conducted with visual cue CMC setting and identified CMC setting result in weaker group polarization. Conversely, group discussions conducted without visual cue CMC setting and anonymous CMC setting lead to stronger group polarization. The results of the study have the following implications. First, they provide clues for business organizations to design the most appropriate media conditions and preemptive social conditions to implement when making group decisions through CMC, to maximize achievements, generate amicable agreements, or actively share information. Second, this study can be useful in analyzing different adverse effects generated through Internet use. Conclusions - This research can help explain discussions and decision-making actions on Internet forums, which have recently increased, as well as providing a foundational basis in newly establishing policies for the forums. Finally, it should be noted that many other factors such as group size, topics, and group history may affect group polarization. These should be examined in future studies.