• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2011

We have revisited the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey (ACSVCS), a Hubble Space Telescope program to obtain ACS/WFC g and z bands imaging for a sample of 100 early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. In this study, we examine 51 nucleated early-type galaxies in the ACSVCS in order to look into the relationship between the photometric and structural properties of stellar nuclei and their host galaxies. We morphologically dissect galaxies into five classes. We note that (1) the stellar nuclei of dwarf early-type galaxies (dS0, dE, and dE,N) are generally fainter and bluer with g > 18.95 and (g-z) < 1.40 compared to some brighter and redder counterparts of the ellipticals (E) and lenticular galaxies (S0), (2) the g-band half-light radii of stellar nuclei of all dwarf early-type galaxies (dS0, dE, and dE,N) are smaller than 20 pc and their average is about 4 pc, and (3) the colors of red stellar nuclei with (g - z) > 1.40 in bright ellipticals and lenticular galaxies are bluer than their host galaxies colors. We also show that most of the unusually "red" stellar nuclei with (g-z) > 1.54 in the ACSVCS are the central parts of bright ellipticals and lenticular galaxies. Furthermore, we present multi photometric band color - color plots that can be used to break the age-metallicity degeneracy particularly by inclusion of the thermally pulsing-asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phases of stellar evolution in the stellar population models.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.123-136
• /
• 2016

This work focuses on the behavior of the static analysis of functionally graded plates materials (FGMs) with porosities that may possibly occur inside the functionally graded materials (FGMs) during their fabrication. For this purpose a new refined plate theory is used in this work, it contains only four unknowns, unlike five unknowns for other theories. This new model meets the nullity of the transverse shear stress at the upper and lower surfaces of the plate. The parabolic distribution of transverse shear stresses along the thickness of the plate is taken into account in this analysis; the material properties of the FGM plate vary a power law distribution in terms of volume fraction of the constituents. The rule of mixture is modified to describe and approximate material properties of the FG plates with porosity phases. The validity of this theory is studied by comparing some of the present results with other higher-order theories reported in the literature, the influence of material parameter, the volume fraction of porosity and the thickness ratio on the behavior mechanical P-FGM plate are represented by numerical examples.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.637-641
• /
• 2006

Although chiral separation has been one of the main topics of chromatographic practice for over twenty-five years, it still presents many difficulties. In this work, the ultrasonic dependence of chiral resolution was investigated at various temperatures to improve resolution and reduce analysis time. The chiral resolution was performed on recently commercialized two HPLC chiral stationary phases (CSP 1 and CSP 2) with the analogues of racemic N-acylnaphthylethylamines (1a-d) and racemic amino acid derivatives (2a-c, 3a-c) as analytes. The CSP 1 was prepared from a (R)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)phenylglycinol and the CSP 2 was prepared from a (S)-N-3,5-(dinitrobenzoyl) leucine. From the comparison of the chromatographic results under sonic condition with those under non-sonic condition, we found that the ultrasound decreased the elution time in chiral chromatography at all temperatures and improved the enantioselectivity at high temperature (45, 50, 60 ${^{\circ}C}$).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.35 no.2 s.121
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2007

The main purposes of this paper are to determine the major factors influencing visual preference in soundproofing barriers in urban places and to provide the essential information needed in the design process of soundproofing harriers. This paper consists of two phases. The first phase presents photos of the seven types of soundproofing barriers generally seen around the Daejeon area, which were taken from three places for a photo montage. The evaluation of 21 different soundproofing barriers was conducted by college students. The second phase of this paper depicts the analysis process. Firstly, the visual preferences as found from the collected data were evaluated by five semantic degrees. The evaluated data were processed by descriptive test, a correlation test and ANOVA test methods using an SPSS statistical package. 1. Currently, visual preference in soundproofing barriers is low in urban places. Therefore, it is necessary to design visually pleasing soundproofing barriers to improve the visual qualify of urban areas. 2. Soundproofing barriers of mixed wood and acrylic scored the highest among selections while those with aluminium steel scored the lowest. 3. Environmental friendly and transparent conditions should be met to allow soundproofing barriers to be visually pleasing.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 1993

The geographical variation of the germination response and the seedling growth of the seed populations of hemistepta lyrata bunge distributed in the southern area of korean peninsula (seoul, yongwol, andong, $Ch^{\prime}angwon, \;Sunch^{\prime}on$)was investigated. Five populations were divided into two principal groups according to the phases of their seed germination. The first group consisting of the seoul and yongwol population was 62% and 64%, respectively, in the final germination percentage of 32%, 24% and 28%, respectively, were Andong, $Ch^{\prime}angwon\;and\;Sunch^{\prime}on$ populations. The seed populations of hemistepta lyrata bunge which hardly germination. the germination of seoul and yongwol populations located at the higher latitudes took plase synchronously in early autumn. On the other hand, andong, $Ch^{\prime}angwon\;and\;Sunch^{\prime}on$ populations located at the lower latitudes showed a tendency to germinata asynchronously in late autumn. the speed of the seedling growth of the populations located at the higher latitudes was greater than that of the populations at the lower latitudes. Therefore the geographical variation in the germination response and the seedling growth of the seed populations of hemistepta lyrate bunge appeared to be an important ecological strategy to maintain their existence in the extreme environmental variations.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on a visual analysis scale and functional visual analysis scale regarding functional capacity. A total of 7 consecutive patients with the complaint of patellofemoral pain syndrome who received this diagnosis from a sports medicine physician were recruited to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Functional Visual Analog Scale (FVAS), functional capacity patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. The exercise rehabilitation consisted of a complex training program requiring five treatments a week for eight weeks. The training program consisted of four phases, and each lasted for two weeks. Statistical analyses were one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in the VAS and FVAS during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.01). (2) There were no significant differences in the functional capacity during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.05). In conclusion, at the end of the eight weeks of this rehabilitation program and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, a significant reduction was found in VAS and FVAS, but there was no significant difference in functional capacity at the end of the treatment.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 2002

The biologically active peptides in human blood can adjust the functions of many physiological systems. The peptides in human blood were separated on the five steps of linear gradient-elution mode by RP-HPLC with UV detection. The size of commercially available $C_{18}$ chromatographic column was 4.60$\times$150 mm with particle size of 5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and pore size of 100 $\AA$. The mobile phases used were water in 0.75% trifluoroacetic acids (TFA) and organic modifier of acetonitrile. The isolation methods suggested in this work for peptides from the blood were composed of the formation of immiscible liquid layers and precipitation by centrifuge and chemicals of sodium citrate and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The some peptides were identified based on the retention times previously constructed database.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.653-662
• /
• 2008

This study has been performed to analyze nutrition knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and eating habits of the elementary- and middle- school students (n = 342) according to student's stage of regular breakfast or exercise. Middle school students had higher nutrition knowledge than primary school students. Total dietary self-efficacy and dietary habit scores were not different by school year and gender. Nutrition knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and dietary habit scores were positively correlated each other. By the stage of regular breakfast, the pre-contemplation stage comprised 13.6%, contemplation 2.1%, preparation 15.7%, action 11.5% and maintenance stage 59.1%. By the stage of regular exercise, the pre-contemplation stage comprised 20.9%, contemplation 7.3%, preparation 45.6%, action 9.8% and maintenance stage 16.4%. According to the stage of change, movement from the pre-contemplation and contemplation to upper stage increased the dietary self-efficacy score. Dietary habit score increased significantly across the five stages of changes. The results of this study indicate differences in stages of changes in breakfast intake and regular exercise and indicate the need for taking these phases of change into account in nutrition education.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.52-52
• /
• 2005

Oogenesis, the gonadosomatic index (GSI), reproductive cycle and first sexual maturation of the female Neptunea (Barbitonia) arthritica cumingii have been investigated by light and electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of glycogen, lipid droplets and yolk granules. In late vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. In particular, compared with the results of other gastropods, it is a different result that appearances of cortical granules at the cortical layer and microvilli on the vitelline envelope, which is associated with heterosynthetic vitellogenesis, were not observed in vitellogenic oocytes during oogenesis. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: main body (central core), superficial layer, and the limiting menbrane, Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index in females were studied in 2002 and 2003 were closely associated with ovarian developmental phases. Spawning occurred between May and August in 2002 and 2003 and the main spawning occurred between June and July when the seawater temperature rose to approximately 18${\sim}$23${\circ}$C. The female reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: early activestage (Septmber to October), late active stage ( November to February), ripe stage (February to June), partially spawned stage (May to Aygust), and recovery stage (June to August).

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to introduce oriental medicine music therapy related to the treatment of obesity. Obesity is caused by deficiency of the spleen, retention of phlegm, stagnation of liver Gi. According to the patients' state, the musical instruments should be chosen. In case of deficiency of the spleen, retention of phlegm, and stagnation of liver Gi, the obese patients beat pulsatile instruments to Earth-Gi rhythm, Fire-Gi rhythm, and Wood-Gi rhythm respectively. In addition to beating the musical instrument to the Five Phases rhythm, an oral sound therapy, relieving constraint therapy, and dispersing therapy can be performed. This study describes the theory of oriental medicine music therapy that has a good possibility as a new method of oriental medical treatment. It is necessary to study in measuring the effects after oriental medicine music therapy from now on.