• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 2016

Objectives : Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu is a book that strongly influenced the following generations' theory of five Circuits and six Qi. It is understood that Wangbing authored the book during the Tang dynasty, but another theory suggests that a nameless author devised the book falsely in Wangbing's name. A comprehensive research is greatly significant in the development of the theory of five Circuits and six Qi. Methods : The study will focus on the analysis on the truth about Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu, its impact on the following generations' theory of five Circuits and six Qi, the contents and comparison of Suwen's xuanzhumiyu, and the 17 books and 27 chapters of xuanzhumiyu. Results & Conclusions : First, xuanzhu was authored by Wangbing sometime around 762 AD, and Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu was written in 690 during the rule of Empress Wu Zetian, meaning that Wangbing is not the author of Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu. Second, Wangbing's style of writing is regular yet elegant, and keeps itself within the range of medical style of writing, but Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu is written in a very rough style, and finds itself within the range of Tao literatures and books on trickery. Third, Wangbing's xuanzhu is a commentary on Suwen, whereas Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu is consisting of the theory of five Circuits and six Qi, and trickeries predictive picture. As such, the two books have entirely different characters. Theories that received relatively significant impacts to the following generations' the theory of five Circuits and six Qi include Gandeokbu, Jeongwhadaewha, and the Calculation method of normal Qi. Suwen's chapter on the theory of five Circuits and six Qi and Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu have many inconsistent and differing theories, leading the scholars to believe that they are dealing with different theory of five Circuits and six Qi which derived from separate schools of beliefs.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2018

Objectives : The climate changes in the natural realm displays pheonomena of excess and deficiency due to the principle of Yiyinyiyangzhiweidao. Here, overabundant qi arises due to the works of multiplication and insultation. When this overabundant qi is in force, the retaliating qi appears without fail to create a parallel. This is the Autonomous Equilibrium Mechanism found in the natural world. Studying this mechanism is deeply significant in understanding the mechanisms of diseases. Methods : The paper is written by reviewing the texts found in Huangdineijing's Chapters of Yunqi, which are $Q{\grave{i}}jiaobiandalun$, Wuchangzhengdalun, $Liuyuanzhengj{\grave{i}}dalun$, Zhizhenyaodalun, and Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu. Results & Conclusions : The overabundance and retaliation in Five Circuits take the form of the restrained child of the Five Circuits takes revenge on the overabundant qi on behalf of his mother. The overabundance and retaliation in Six Qi take the form of rapid healing of Benqi which was in stagnation. Traditionally, overabundant qi is the only one in existence when the Five Circuits are in excess and the year of Hai yin wu wei you xu's regular transformation. During this time, retaliating qi does not exist. When Five Circuits are in deficiency and in the year of Si shen zi chou mao chen's pattern transformation, both the overabundant and deficiency qis exist. However, regardless of regular transformation or pattern transformation, overabundant qi and retaliating qi cannot exist at the same time. This seems to be the rational conclusion. There are some regulations that overabundance and retaliation follow. First, the strong and weak, and number of days coincide. Second, overabundance qi appear during the first half of the period when the qi of controling heaven is in place. During the later half of the period when the qi of terrestrial effect is in force, retaliation qi is the one that appears. Third, overabundance and retaliation does not end with one time. Rather, they will continue to repeat appearance and disappearance without any set pattern. Fourth, the overabundance and retaliation of the guest qi and dominant qi only has overabundance and no retaliation.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2022

Objectives : Huangyuanyu's interpretation of the six channel diseases of the Shanghanlun were examined based on contents on the six channel qi metabolism theory in his works, Shanghanxuanjie, Shanghanshuoyi, and Sishengxinyuan. Methods : Contents related to the six channel qi metabolism theory in the Shanghanxuanjie, Shanghanshuoyi, and Sishengxinyuan were extracted and examined to identify a fundamental principle from the perspective of the six channel qi metabolism theory. Characteristics of each of the six channel diseases were organized. Results : Huang's understanding of the six channel diseases in the Shanghanlun could be summarized by the six channel. Its features could be explained as following. First, in examining the principles of the controlling qi[司氣] and constitutionally influenced transformation[從化], the rise and fall of the body's yang qi was emphasized. Second, center qi[中氣] was considered important, the taiyin Spleen being the key to life and death. Third, the pathology of 'earth dampness/water cold/wood stagnation' due to weakness of the center qi was suggested. Fourth, the principle of boosting-yang-suppressing-yin was emphasized in treatment, with criticism of the nurturing-yin-extinguishing-fire method. Conclusions : In understanding the six channel diseases in the Shanghanlun, Huangyuanyu focused on the body's yang qi and center qi based on key theories such as the 'five circuits and six qi' and 'six channel qi metabolism' theories. His perspective could be helpful in understanding Zhangzhongjing's work more comprehensively.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2009

Drawings are images or shapes of objects expressed on a flat surface using lines and colors. They not only make literal interpretations whole, supplement their meaning, but also expand them as well. Within the texts of , a total of 19 drawings can be found. Considering the position of in the history of oriental medicine, research on these drawings hold much importance. There are 19 diverse drawings in . As a result of thorough examination on these drawings, several characteristics could be found. First, out of the 19 drawings in , six are about diagnostics, which are 明堂部位 觀形察色圖 三關 圖 五輪之圖 八廓之圖 六部脉圖. Next, 身形臟腑圖 and 五臟圖 have to do with the viscera and bowel theory. 五行盛衰圖 十干 起運圖 十二支司天訣 are about the five circuits and six qi, while 催生符 and 安産方位圖 are drawings related to obstetrics and gynecology. Lastly, 九宮圖 and 九宮尻神圖 can be found in the acupuncture and moxibustion chapter. As a result, we can roughly categorize the drawings of into diagnostics, viscera and bowel, five circuits and six qi, obstetrics and gynecology and acupuncture and moxibustion. This research is on two drawings of 明堂部位와 觀形察色圖.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

Objectives: Examine the difference of Chosun acupuncture from the acupuncture in Myung, Chung Dynasty Method: This paper examines the acupuncture mentioned in the classic of Introduction to Medicine For this, the special traits of Introduction to Medicine acupuncture was analyzed. Secondly, the research on the contents of Introduction to Medicine acupuncture quoted in the classic of Essential Rhymes of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine, and Experimental Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion was carried out. Result: Introduction to Medicine put much importance on "method of acupuncture following the five circuits and six qi" (子午流注針法) and Song of Acupuncture and Moxibustion through comparing "eight methods of acupuncture following the five circuits and six qi" (子午八法) and "scattered needling method". The doctors in Chosun Dynasty, howevery, did not adopt this theory with their own standards on acupuncture. On the contrary, they put more importance on the inquiry of historical evidence on river point and extraordinary points. Conclusion: The acupuncture studies of Chosun Dynasty had already formed its own standards on the medical theories, and its direction to which it was headed was different from that of the Myung, and Chung Dynasty in China.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 2024

Objectives : The objective of this paper is to study the literature on stagnation pattern, to further determine reasoning for the emphasis on Liver-qi stagnation out of all the Five Zang stagnation patterns. Methods : Stagnation patterns in literature from the Xian-Qin/Liang-Han period, Sui-Tang-Song period, Jin-Yuan period and Ming-Qing period were studied and analyzed. Results & Conclusions : Based on chronological analysis on discussions of stagnation pattern, the Five stagnation in the Neijing were related to the excessiveness and deficiency of the Five circuits. After the discussions of the Four Masters of the Jin-Yuan period, WangAndao explained that stagnation could happen without relation to external contraction in his discussion of Benqiziyubing. Yutuan focused on the inter-relationship between the six stagnation patterns, emphasizing qi stagnation, while Sunyikui discussed stagnation pattern within the framework of the Five Zang stagnation. Zhaoxianke argued for the first time that one of the treatment methods of Wood stagnation could replace the five treatment methods, focusing on Wood stagnation which could be the clue to stagnation pattern. Of current Zangfu diagnostic terminology, the influential Liver qi stagnation remains to this day.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.437-447
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• 2017

Objective : Zhang zhi-cong insisted the theory related to the 'Six-meridian qi transformation', and Zhen xiu-yuan inherited that theory understanding six-meridian disease of "Shang-Han-Lun". This emphasizes that the disease of 'three yin and three yang' in "Shang-Han-Lun" is a disease caused by Six-meridian qi transformation, not a lesion of meridian itself. He said, "If you do not know brightly in the 'Tip, Root and Middle qi', you can not read the "Shang-Han-Lun"." Therefore, in this paper, we examine the interpretation of the "Shang-Han-Lun"by using the theory of 'five circuits and six qi'. Method : First, extract sentences related to 'Tip, Root and Middle qi' from the sentences of "Shang-Han-Lun" Second, the sentence is interpreted through the Zhen xiu-yuan's "Sang han lun qian zhu". Third, the meaning of the sentence is examined and summarized. Result : Zhen xiu-yuan proposed a clear and systematic theory that can understand the meaning of Six-meridian in "Shang-Han-Lun", by utilizing the discipline that 'Tip, Root and Middle qi' Conclusion : The change of 'Tip, Root and Middle qi' is a very central theory that explains the properties of 'Yin and Yang' and mutual correspondence among Korean medicine theories. It also provides basic directions for understanding the changing patterns of disease.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.49-69
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• 2018

Objectives: Following the Jin Yuan Dynasty, the Ming and Song Dynasties witnessed a great development of Yunqi xue. A study into this development has a vast significance in studying the history of the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: The contents relating to Yunqi within the Comprehensive Medical Books, published during the Ming period, and medical texts separately published specifically dealing with Yunqi were used in order to review the unique characters of the study of Yunqi during this period. Results: There were many cases in the comprehensive medical books during the Ming period that dealt with Yunqi. Some of the examples are: Yunqilu in Yixueliuyao, YunQiZongLun in Yixuerumen, and Yunqilu in Yixueliuyao. A number of books that followed suit from the previous generation's study were published, the examples of which are Wangji's Yunqiyilan, and ZhangJiebin's LeiJingtuyi. WangJi, in his book, opposed the mechanic utilization of YunQi theory, and advocated the flexible application of the theory at the doctor's discretion. Liwei, in his YunQiZongLun, wrote a great deal of knowledge which he gained based on the previous-generation medical masters' achievements. Conclusions: Yunqi became widely accepted during the Ming period which led to some doctors advocating the flexible application of the YunQi theory, and some doctors even completely denouncing Yunqi.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.85-100
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• 2021

Objectives : The OunyukgiUihakbogam authored by Cho, Wonhee, despite its relevance to application of the five circuit theory today, has been under-researched. Methods : Contents on the unique treatment approach through the 'visiting circuit and visiting qi(客運客氣)' of the date of conception was studied. Results & Conclusions : The theory of calculating the date of conception with the date of birth applies the theory of the various combinations of the ten heavenly stems. The gestation period for those born on the day of the rabbit and chicken are either 246 or 306 days, while for those born on the day of the tiger and monkey, 256 days. For those born on the day of the cow or the lamb, 266; for those born on the day of the rat or horse, 276; for those born on the day of the snake or the pig, 286; for those born on the day of the dragon or the dog, 296 days. Once the date of conception is fixed, the visiting circuit and qi is estimated, and a matching formula is chosen and applied.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.17-47
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• 2018

Objectives: The three nations of far Northeastern Asia, namely China, Korea, and Japan, have developed a tradition of Asian medicine within a common cultural realm. Studying Japan's Yunqi not only helps our understanding of Japanese traditional medicine, but the course of development taken by the three nations' traditional Asian medicine as a whole. Methods: All books relating to Yunqi published in Japan were studied, with special focus on books that are especially more important. Results: It is assumed that Japan's first book on Yunqi is 吉田宗桂's Ungiileonjib. The Japanese mainstream study on Yunqi is the annotations and studies on Suwenrushiyungilunao, written by Liuwenshu. YunQiLunAoKouYiis the first annotation on Suwenrushiyungilunao and had the greatest impact. Yunqilunjujie is an annotation book written by a Confucian scholar, and Yunqilunaoshuchao an annotation book composed by a Confucian doctor who was a thorough expert on sinology and the annotations ranged greatly from medical books, Confucian books, historical books and hundred schools of books. Aotouyunqilun is the most slight in terms of annotations compared to other annotation books, and Yunqilunaoyanjie is special in that it writes with both Chinese characters and Japanese language in order to help easier understanding by the novice scholars. Conclusions: Suwenrushiyunqilunao includes astronomy, geography, delivery sound, calendar, the eight trigrams, the Twelve laws, Shier chen, Constellation of twenty eight, Thirty-six birds, and secret days, which is leading to further study in these fields. Suwenrushiyunqilunao also contains excerpts from Suwen Liujiecangxianglun to describe the algorithm of the operation of Sun and Moon, which is also leading a further study in the field.