• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find out how middle school students evaluate scientific information in terms of hypothetico-deductive reasoning. A total of 66 middle school students completed a paper-and-pencil test on scientific information evaluation and 14 of them were individually interviewed for triangulation. The test includes six topics related to scientific or pseudoscientific information, and questions about each topic were sequenced based on a hypothetico-deductive reasoning. The hypothetico-deductive process consists of three steps: identifying predictions made by explanations in the information, identifying data actually obtained, and determining the fit between predictions and data to judge the validity of the explanations. Data analyses have focused on students' response types at each step, whether students used hypoethetico-deductive reasoning, and students' preference to evidence types in making decisions. The middle school students in this study answered the questions in various ways based on how they used the information given or personal knowledge and beliefs. A small portion of students evaluated information based on hypothetico-deductive reasoning. These students tended to give priority to scientific data in determining the validity of the information. On the other hand, students who did not use hypoethetico-deductive reasoning tended to prefer first-hand experience in the decision. The results provide implications for science lessons and the curriculum for scientific literacy. Further research should include student evaluation of the validity of data and other types of reasoning.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.242-251
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• 2013

Recently, while global concern over offshore resources exploration and development is being increased rapidly, offshore plant industry is highlighted as an industry of high added value. Along with this global trend, domestic concern over offshore plant development is being increased as well. In the overseas case, a marine geotechnical survey guideline for confirming characteristics of seabed sediments is available at the time of installation of offshore plant but such guideline is not available in our country. In this study, survey techniques fit for domestic marine environment was applied according to overseas guideline at southern coastal area, Korea. Among the marine geophysical survey techniques being proposed abroad, magnetic survey and seabed photograph were excluded. However, highly reliable data analysis was enabled for marine geophysical survey, which includes in-situ coring investigation and laboratory soil test. In addition, continuous ocean current survey was included to find scour potential due to the current around the offshore plant. Although coring depth is not so deep, we predicted geological structure through the analysis of amplitude features of seismic data. Characteristics of seabed sediments cold be obtained regionally and directly through combined analysis of marine geophysical survey data and coring data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.195-221
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• 2016

In a situation where the recognition of archival services remains minimal, an evaluation of archival information services by users could provide a better understanding of users' practical needs and present helpful information for improved services. A service evaluation by users using questionnaires was conducted in university archives, which can similarly categorize their user groups and have frequent interactions with the users for the provision of services. Questionnaires suitable for the evaluation of university archives were developed based on the review of the evaluation tools in archival information services. From April to October 2015, 113 users' evaluation results were collected from 13 university archives. As a result of goodness of fit tests, the users' service evaluation items were categorized into four parts: Use Results, Provision of Information on Archives, Accessibility to Archives, and Interaction. For those four parts, evaluation by descriptive statistics, T-test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted. Users evaluated Interaction parts highly while they were less satisfied with Provision of Information on Archives. T-test results showed that university archives with search engines and with electronic records management systems were evaluated higher than archives without such technology. In the regression analysis, the Interaction and Provision of Information on Archives parts were found to have an influence on the Use Results part.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.267-289
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to develop a Korean version of the scale of attitudes for disabled Persons and attitudes towards disabled person-original by translating and modifying the scale proposed by Antonak(1982). In order to test validation, this study was focused on processing survey and statistic data analysis and tried to find a way to applicate in Korea. The data were collected from 500 non-disabled persons divided into two groups, which were consist of target group (public officials, health care providers, teachers, journalists and rehabilitation facility staffs) and general group. Based on the descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the data, validity and reliability were examined. Also to find the statistic significant difference on attitudes towards disabled person between target group and general group, t-test was proceed. The result of the exploratory factor analysis drew 15 items representing 3 factors (Pessimism-Stereotype, Optimism-Human Rights, Derogatory Personality Stereotype). A confirmatory factor analysis results provided the construct validity of this scale as good and reasonable fitness. Cronbach's alpha ranged from .67 to .85 showed internal consistencies of the sub-scales. The subscales were significantly correlated with convergent with DFS(Disability Factor Scale) variables. And the target group had more positive attitudes toward disabled person than general group. It is suggested this scale more suitable for various disability types be elaborated, and get a practical implication on attitudes towards disabled person.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.10 no.16
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• pp.101-106
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• 1987

Statistical control charts are useful tools to monitor and control the manufacturing processes and are widely used in most Korean industries. Many Korean companies, however, do not always obtain desired results from the traditional control charts by Shewhart such as the $\bar{X}$-chart, $\bar{X}$-chart, $\bar{X}$-chart, etc. This is partly because the quality charterstics of the process are not distributed normally but are skewed due to the intermittent production, small lot size, etc. In Shewhart $\bar{X}$-chart. which is the most widely used one in Kora, such skewed distributions make the plots to be inclined below or above the central line or outside the control limits although no assignable causes can be found. To overcome such shortcomings in nonnormally distributed processes, a distribution-free type of confidence interval can be used, which should be based on order statistics. This thesis is concerned with the design of control chart based on a sample median which is easy to use in practical situation and therefore properties for nonnormal distributions may be easily analyzed. Control limits and central lines are given for the more famous nonnormal distributions, such as Gamma, Beta, Lognormal, Weibull, Pareto, Truncated-normal distributions. Robustness of the proposed median control chart is compared with that of the $\bar{X}$-chart; the former tends to be superior to the latter as the probability distribution of the process becomes more skewed. The average run length to detect the assignable cause is also compared when the process has a Normal or a Gamma distribution for which the properties of X are easy to verify, the proposed chart is slightly worse than the $\bar{X}$-chart for the normally distributed product but much better for Gamma-distributed products. Average Run Lengths of the other distributions are also computed. To use the proposed control chart, the probability distribution of the process should be known or estimated. If it is not possible, the results of comparison of the robustness force us to use the proposed median control chart based oh a normal distribution. To estimate the distribution of the process, Sturge's formula is used to graph the histogram and the method of probability plotting, $\chi$$^2$-goodness of fit test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, are discussed with real case examples. A comparison of the proposed median chart and the $\bar{X}$ chart was also performed with these examples and the median chart turned out to be superior to the $\bar{X}$-chart.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.438-443
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• 2000

Continuous processes using immobilized yeast were investigated in order to shorten beer maturation time. Three silica-based ceramic media and one cellulose-based medium were used. Diacetyl (DA) was one of the most distinctive compounds causing immature flavors. Heat treatment of green beer (GB) to convert a-acetolactate to DA was essential to shorten the time for beer maturation. The longer heat treatment time was needed at the lower temperature. Oxygen concentration in GB had a large influence on the conversion of a-acetolactate to DA. The lower the oxygen concentration in GB, the lower conversion ratio to DA. Heat treated GB was fed continuously to four kinds of immobilized yeast columns. DA concentration after immobilization columns was reduced to less than 0.1ppm at $3∼5^{\circ}C$ 180∼150 minutes retention time in all columns tested. This concentration is enough to fit the quality speification of commercialized product. Formation of a-acetolactate from residual sugars was higher in ceramic media column than cellulose media cloumn. The taste of beers from test processes were not the same as that of traditionally produced beer, but no off-flavors were detected in test samples, which shows that immobilized yeast columns have potentials as rapid processes for beer maturation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.797-810
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• 2017

The Korean peninsula is exposed to typhoons every year. Typhoons cause huge socioeconomic damage because tropical cyclones tend to occur with strong winds and heavy precipitation. In order to understand the complex dependence structure between strong winds and heavy precipitation, the copula links a set of univariate distributions to a multivariate distribution and has been actively studied in the field of hydrology. In this study, we carried out analysis using data of wind speed and precipitation collected from the weather stations in Busan and Jeju. Log-Normal, Gamma, and Weibull distributions were considered to explain marginal distributions of the copula. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-von-Mises, and Anderson-Darling test statistics were employed for testing the goodness-of-fit of marginal distribution. Observed pseudo data were calculated through inverse transformation method for establishing the copula. Elliptical, archimedean, and extreme copula were considered to explain the dependence structure between strong winds and heavy precipitation. In selecting the best copula, we employed the Cramer-von-Mises test and cross-validation. In Busan, precipitation according to average wind speed followed t copula and precipitation just as maximum wind speed adopted Clayton copula. In Jeju, precipitation according to maximum wind speed complied Normal copula and average wind speed as stated in precipitation followed Frank copula and maximum wind speed according to precipitation observed Husler-Reiss copula.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.2 s.38
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• pp.139-150
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to do the Somatotype classification according to the type of shoulder-neck and to give the thinkness of shoulder pad according to them. Therefore this study was measurement body size of 201 and the somatotypes were classified as their plumb line. The standard somatotype of this measurement was classified as 9 type according to its angle of shoulder inclination and neck length. Pads which have different thickness (1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm) were attached to the 9 body type and the set-in sleeve blouse and raglan sleeve blouse were made and tring test and sensory test were accomplished. The results of this study were as follows: 1 . Classification of shoulder-neck relationship. Angles of shoulder inclination ($15^{\circ},\;21^{\circ},\;27^{\circ}$), lock lenaths (10 cm, 12.5 cm, 15 cm) were classi- fied as 3 type each and these types were combined as 9 types. II . The result of angle difference of shoulder inclination according to pad thickness. 1) In case of set-in pad. angle is increased $5.75^{\circ}$ per 1 cm of pad thickness. 2) In case of raglan pad. angle is increased $6.45^{\circ}$ per 1 cm of pad thickness. III. The most fit pad thickness to the 9 types. In case of set-in sleeve blouse. 1) High shoulder-long neck, Standard shoulder-long neck Low shoulder-long neck, Stan-dard shoulder·standard neck. Low shoulder-standard neck: 1.5 cm. 2) High shoulder-standard neck, Standard shoulder-short neck, Low shoulder-short neck: 1 cm. 3) High shoulder-short neck: 0 cm(without pad) In case of raglan sleeve blouse. 4) High shoulder-long neck, Standard shoulder-long neck, Low shoulder·long neck, Stan-dard shoulder-standard neck, Low shoulder-standard neck: 1.5 cm. 5) High shoulder-standard neck, Standard shoulder-short neck, Low-shoulder-short neck: 1 cm. 6) High shoulder-short neck: 0 cm(without pad)

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.43-54
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• 2014

Purpose - This study was based on a theoretical consideration of the structural relationship between the support and control of the franchisor and the satisfaction and strategic response (voice, loyalty, exit, neglect) of the franchisee. First, based on the preceding research, this study systematically organized the type of support and control of the franchisor. Second, the study examined the effects of a franchisor's support and control on the expectancy disconfirmation between affiliated franchisees' expectations before a franchise agreement and performance after operating an affiliated store. Third, the study looked into the effects of expectancy disconfirmation relating to a franchisor's support and control on an affiliated franchisees' general satisfaction. Fourth, this study examined the influence of the general satisfaction of a franchisee on affiliated franchisees' response strategies. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, the population comprised the nation's franchisors, and the sample comprised franchisees conducting business in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. A self-administered questionnaire was used; the author and examiner explained the study's parameters to the interviewees in advance, to lessen the rate of rejection of the answers and to maintain reliability. The author distributed 350 copies of the questionnaire and collected 327 copies (93.4%). The author removed 54 copies of the sample, as these copies belonged to franchisees that were not registered by the Fair Trade Commission and/or were thought to have either defects or inadequate answers. The author selected an effective sample of 273 copies to enter data and to do the statistical analysis. Results - Both a reliability analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were performed to measure reliability and validity, and a structural equation model was used to conduct the hypothesis test and investigate the models. The hypothesis was tested (Table 5). The models had a suitable fit, for instance, χ² = 447.663(df = 212, p = .000), χ²/df = 2.112, GFI = .881, AGFI = .858, RMR = .083, RMSEA = .067, NFI = .932, and CFI = .961. The hypothesis test results were as follows. Hypothesis 1 was accepted (C.R. = -2.339, p = .019). Hypothesis 2 was accepted (C.R. = 15.213, p = .000). Hypothesis 3 was accepted (C.R. = -2.631, p = .006). Hypothesis 4 was accepted (C.R. = 16.271, p = .000). Hypothesis 5 was accepted (C.R. = 2.391, p = .017). Hypothesis 6 was accepted (C.R. = 5.777, p = .000). Hypothesis 7 was accepted (C.R. = 17.153, p = .000). Hypothesis 8 was accepted (C.R. = 24.746, p = .000). Hypothesis 9 was accepted (C.R. = -10.150, p = .000). Hypothesis 10 was accepted (C.R. = -12.124, p = .000). Conclusions - The research results showed that expectations for a franchisor's support and control had a significant influence on expectation disconfirmation in a negative way, whereas the performance of support and control were found to have a significant influence on expectation disconfirmation in a positive way. In addition, the expectation disconfirmation of support and control was found to have a significant influence on satisfaction of franchisees in a positive way. Generally, regarding the research on control, control is found to have a negative influence on the satisfaction of franchisees, but this study proves that control is found to affect it in a positive way through conformity.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.17-26
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• 2019

In this study, the statistical characteristics of the resistance bias factors were analyzed using a high-quality field load test database, and the total resistance bias factors were estimated considering the soil uncertainty and construction errors for the application of the limit state design of aggregate pier foundation. The MLR model by Bong and Kim (2017), which has a higher prediction performance than the previous models was used for estimating the resistance bias factors, and its suitability was evaluated. The chi-square goodness of fit test was performed to estimate the probability distribution of the resistance bias factors, and the normal distribution was found to be most suitable. The total variability in the nominal resistance was estimated including the uncertainty of undrained shear strength and construction errors that can occur during the aggregate pier construction. Finally, the probability distribution of the total resistance bias factors is shown to follow a log-normal distribution. The parameters of the probability distribution according to the coefficient of variation of total resistance bias factors were estimated by Monte Carlo simulation, and their regression equations were proposed for simple application.