• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2014

The objective of this paper is to aid in basic directions for the countermeasure against marine accidents by using the statistical data of Jeju Coast Guard from 1983 to 2012. Marine accidents of about 600~1,000 vessels was reported in all the waters around South Korea from 2000 to 2008. From 2009, these accidents increased rapidly and reached 1,600~2,000 vessels. Although marine accidents of longline fishing vessels did not show a big change prior to 1993, the number have increased steadily until 2007. This is considered a tendency that appears when longline vessels, using the Port of Sungsanpo as a base and operating in fishing grounds in the East China Sea, are converted to long-term fishing from short-term fishing for reasons such as cost reduction due to the sudden rise of oil prices and the performance improvement of the fishing vessels. The number of vessels in marine accidents decreased gradually from 1999 to 2002 and for nearly 7 years from 2002 to 2008, the annual average of marine accidents stayed at 97 vessels. This is seemed to be the result of a change in the policy of either the central or local government and largely associated with changes in the way of statistical processing. This tendency is resulted in lower number of the accidents due to careless navigation which can be viewed as a human error than the number of marine accidents due to poor maintenance as a cause of mechanical failure in the same period. The increase rate in the marine accidents of Jeju Island-based fishing vessels is greater than that of other area-based fishing vessels among the fishing vessels operating in coastal and near sea around Jeju Island each year.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2005

Marine fish aquaculture has been introduced on the East sea since 1964. The production volume of the marine aquaculture has been increasing drastically since 1990 with the technological improvements and the introduction of new species. However, the increasing costs of feed, seedlings and medical supplies and the decreasing prices due to the increase in the imports and domestic production have decreased the profits in the aquaculture business. Futhermore, the damage from the natural disasters such as red tides and typhoons has accelerated the exit from the business. Even though managing abilities to overcome the business crisis caused by the above factors are required, business managers based on the small scale family businesses do not have enough managing abilities to deal with the difficulties in the business. On the other hand, advanced countries in the marine aquaculture such as Norway have reached the stage where the managing abilities of marine aquaculture are similar to those in the manufacturing industry. And the number of large scale aquaculture farms with developed technologies and advanced marketing strategies in those countries is increasing. Considering that the marine aquaculture in Japan under the similar fishery systems of Korea has developed the state-of-the-art management skills or lead to large scale management, it is difficult to expect the decrease in the production costs under the small scale family business in Korea and this will lead to the decreasing competitive advantage over the imported seafood. Therefore marine aquaculture in Korea needs to increase the economy of scale to acquire the competitive advantage. This study addresses the possibility of introducing the large scale aquaculture system in Korea by analysing the factors and process of leading to large scale businesses in the aquaculture in Japan.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2022

Since viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was first reported in European rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the 1930s, it has caused high prices in freshwater and saltwater fish around the world, causing enormous economic damage to the aquaculture industry. We have been seeking required countermeasures against viruses because of economic damage to the aquaculture industry. However, commercial vaccines have the limitations of being costly to use in farms and being effective to only one pathogen. The aquaculture industry these days is taking on new alternatives to vaccines, antibiotics and chemicals. In this study, the suitability of antiviral effects against VHSV was evaluated in vitro for various plant extracts to judge their effectiveness. Atriplex gmelinii, Ixeris repens, Arctium lappa, and Sargassum coreanum were tested to know the correlation between the amount of virus and the concentration of extract investigates if these extracts have antiviral effects. Virus and extracts at various concentrations were inoculated simultaneously as 1:1 ratio into EPC cell lines. There are no antiviral effects with Atriplex gmelinii, Ixeris repens and Arctium lappa. Extract of Sargassum coreanum only has the antiviral activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that extract of Sargassum coreanum can be used in aquaculture industry as an antiviral materials.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.699-728
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• 2005

본 논문은 최근 연구된 Barten(1993), Brown et al.(1995), Holt and Bishop (2002)의 가격형성체계(price formation system)를 확장 발전시키고 있다. 특히 기존 연구들과 달리 소비행위측면에서 완전합리성을 고려하여 가격이 형성될 수 있는 동태적 모형을 설정하고 있다. 본 연구의 동태적 모형의 기본 아이디어는 소비자가 완전히 합리적이어서 미래를 예측한다고 가정한다. 따라서 어떤 시장에서 중개상이 부르는 가격을 소비자가 수용할 것인지의 여부를 결정할 때 과거와 미래소비가 현재소비에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것이다. 본 연구의 실증분석에서는 이러한 모형을 미국 어류남획으로 고갈되어가고 있는 grouper-snapper complex에 적용하고 있다. 자원관리정책측면에서 볼 때 쿼터제를 실시할 경우 소비자의 한계가치가 어떻게 변하는지 살펴보는 것은 후생판단의 수단으로서 정책분석의 핵심이 될 것이다. 실증분석 결과는 본 연구가 제시하고 있는 동태적 가격형성체계(dynamic price formation system)가 통계적으로 적합함을 잘 보여준다. 특히 그 체계 내에서 추정된 가격의 유동성이 적절한 부호와 범위를 보여주어서 만족할 만한 결과를 나타내고 있다. 미래에는 토지나 공공재, 환경재의 가격형성모형의 연구에도 응용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-129
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• 2023

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the consumer value of risk management associated with illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing of fishery products imported to Korea. The global regulatory paradigm for IUU fishing has shifted from production-centered to market-centered. As a result, changes in the international fisheries trade environment emphasizing "transparency" and "legality" of the production process are accelerating. Therefore, changes in the management systems of fishery products entering the country are also needed. Accordingly, this study estimated the consumer value for risk management of IUU fishing, targeting major fish species imported to Korea, and derived the feasibility of introducing related policies. Design/methodology - This study used the choice experiment as an analysis model to estimate consumers' willingness to pay for the "possibility to check for IUU fishing." The choice experiment assumes that the value of a good or service is composed of separable attributes and that the sum of the part-worth of these individual attributes becomes the total value. In this study, respondents were presented with profiles comprising three attributes (country of origin, price, and possibility of checking IUU fishing) and the levels of frozen poulp squid, the subject of the analysis. The participants were asked to select their preferred profile. The marginal willingness to pay for each attribute was derived from the results of the respondents' choices using conditional logit model estimates. Findings - There is a marked difference in utility based on the preference of the country of origin of fishery products among consumers. In addition, the utility of fishery products that have undergone IUU fishing verification was observed to be higher, with the utility marked to be higher for lower prices. Originality/value - Estimating the policy value of the risk management in IUU fishing of imported fisheries products in this study is a novel attempt that has never been conducted before. Several studies have been conducted to assess the risk of IUU fishing associated with the import of fishery products internationally. However, such studies are yet to be conducted in Korea. Instead, policies and studies have focused on issues related to complying with trading partners' legal and transparent standards for exporting fishery products. This study should be the beginning of more in-depth empirical and theoretical explorations to establish order in the domestic seafood market and respond to changes in international regulations on IUU fishing.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2013

Abalone aquaculture has developed very rapidly in Korea. Until the mid 1990s it has annually produced about 100 tons. Since then the yield has increased to about 9,000 tons in 2012. The amount accounts for 20% of the global abalone yield. About 86% of produced abalone is consumed domestically and the rest is exported. 100 tons for export seemed as an unattainable goal back in 2003. However, the export rose up to 1,333 tons in 2012. Despite its rapid growth, Korean abalone industry is faced with some problems. The first is the slowdown of yield increase rates. Abalone production increased by 50~60% until the mid 2000. However, the rate continued to drop to below 10%. Reasons behind the slow increase are deteriorating aquaculture grounds and worsening market problems. Constant aquaculture aggravated productivity and overcrowded facilities at a limited space made matters worse. Moreover, abalone export has stalled and so did domestic consumption. In the meantime, rising mortality of young abalone has lowered productivity at abalone breeding places. The mortality rates of abalone remained below 5% in the early 2000s but rose to 30~40% these days. This translates into rising abalone prices. The market problems imply stagnant or shrinking export as well as domestic consumption. The export increase rates took a nosedive from 200 to below 50 between the early 2000s and the late 2000s. Moreover, the increase rates of domestic consumption have become remarkably sluggish. According to, it stood at 50~60% in the mid 2000s but continued to decrease after 2008. These problems, in turn, affected the size of abalone. The usual abalone size for market was 10~12 shells per kg, but recently the size became smaller and smaller to 15~16 shells per kg. The change of size implies shift in consumption patterns: Consumers not only eat live abalone but also they cook soup with it. The size of abalone for uncooked dish is usually very big, like 10~12 shells per kg. In contrast, smaller abalone, such as 20~25 shells per kg, are used for making soup. Increasing use of smaller abalone leads to lower income of abalone aquaculture households. This is partly because that the size determines the price and the price gap between big abalones and smaller ones is extreme in Korea. For the sustainable growth of Korean abalone industry, we need to come up with strategies. First, a reasonable production system needs to be in place, especially for better management of abalone aquaculture grounds. Management of abalone licenses is also necessary because local governments issue relevant licenses as well as supervising abalone grounds. Second, abalone export destination need to be diversified. Japan, the major importer of Korean abalone, takes up a lion's share of export, at 95%. Third, new consumption style of abalone needs to be developed. Abalone used to be consumed as 'raw type' or Sashimi in Korea. This sole type of consumption hampers the growth of abalone market. Moreover, more strategies are needed to encourage and distribute home cooking of abalone rather than eating-out at restaurants. Last but not least, distribution system should be improved for better delivery of live abalone.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.131-153
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• 1984

Fishery resources are still abundant compared with other resources and the possibility of exploitation is probably great. The Korean fishery industry has grown remarkably since 1957, and Korea is ranked as one of the major fishery countries. Its of fishery products reached the 9th in the world and the value of exports was 5th in 1982. But recently a growth rate has slowed down, due to the enlargement of territorial seas by the declaration of the 200 mile, Exclusive Economic Zone, the tendency to develop fishery resources strate-gically in international bargaining, the change in function of the international organizations, the expansion of regulated waters, the illegal arrest of our fishing boats, the rapid rise in oil prices, and the fall in fish prices, the development of fishery resources as a symbol of nationalism, the fishing boats decreptitude, the rise of crew wages, regulations on fishing methods, fish species, fishing season, size of fish, and mesh size, fishing quotas and the demand of excessive fishing royalties. Besides the the obligation of coastal countries, employing crews of their host countries is also an example of the change in the international environment which causes the aggravation of foreign profit of fishing firms. To ameliorate the situation, our Korean fishery firms must prepare efficient plans and study systematically to internationalize themselves because such existing methods as conventional fishing entry and licence fishing entry are likely to be unable to cope with international environmental change. Thus, after the systematic analysis of the problem, some new combined alternatives might be proposed. These are some of the new schemes to support this plan showing the orientation of our national policy: 1. Most of the coastal states, to cope with rapid international environmental change and to survive in the new era of ocean order, have rationalized their higher governmental structure concerning the fishery industries. And the coastal countries which are the objectives of our expecting entry, demand excessive economic and technical aid, limit the number of fishing boats’entry and the use of our foreign fishing bases, and regulate the membership of the international fishery commissions. Especially, most of the coastal or island countries are recently independent states, which are poorer in national budget, depend largely on fishing royalties and licence entry fees as their main resources of national finance. 2. Alternatives to our entry to deep sea fishing, as internationalization strategies, are by direct foreign investment method. About 30 firms have already invested approximately US $ 8 million in 9 coastal countries. Areas of investment comprise the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean, the Moroccan sea and five other sea areas. Trawling, tuna purse seining and five other fields are covered by the investment. Joint-venture is the most prominent method of this direct investment. If we consider the number of entry firms, the host countries, the number of seas available and the size of investment, this method of cooperation is perhaps insufficient so far. Our fishery firms suffer from a weakness in international competitive ability, an insufficiency of information, of short funds, incompetency in the market, the unfriendliness of host coastal countries, the incapability of partners in joint-ventures and the political instability of the host countries. To enlarge our foreign fishing grounds, we are to actively adopt the direct investment entry method and to diversity our collaboraboration with partner countries. Consequently, besides proper fishing, we might utilize forward integration strategies, including the processing fied. a. The enterprise emigration method is likely to be successful in Argentina. It includes the development of Argentinian fishing grounds which are still not exploited in spite of abundant resources. Besides, Arentina could also be developed as a base for the exploitation of the krill resources and for further entries into collaboration with other Latin American countries. b. The co-business contract fishing method works in American territorial seas where American fishermen sell their fishery products to our factory ships at sea. This method contributes greatly to obtaining more fishing quotas and in innovation bottom fishing operation. Therefore we may apply this method to other countres to diffuse our foreign fishing entry. c. The new fishing ground development method was begun in 1957 by tuna long-line experimental fishing in the Indian Ocean. It has five fields, trawling, skipjack pole fishing and shrimp trawling, and so on. Recently, Korean fisheries were successful in the development of the Antarctic Ocean krill and tuna purse seining. 3. The acceleration of the internationalization of deep sea fishing; a. Intense information exchange activities and commission participation are likely to be continues as our contributions to the international fishery organizations. We should try to enter international fishery commissions in which we are not so far participating. And we have to reform adequately to meet the changes of the function of the international commissions. With our partner countries, we ought to conclude bilateral fishery agreements, thus enlarging our collaboration. b. Our government should offer economic and technical aids to host countries to facilitate our firms’fishery entry and activities. c. To accelerate technical innovation, our fishery firms must invest greater amount in technical innovation, at the same time be more discriminatory in importing exogeneous fishery technologies. As for fishing methods; expanded use of multi-purpose fishing boats and introduction of automation should be encuraged to prevent seasonal fluctuations in fishery outputs. d. The government should increases financial and tax aid to Korean firms in order to elevate already weak financial structure of Korean fishery firms. e. Finally, the government ought to revise foreign exchange regulations being applied to deep sea fishery firms. Furthermore, dutes levied on foreign purchaed equipments and supplies used by our deep sea fishing boats thould be reduced or exempted. when the fish caught by Korean partner of joint-venture firms is sold at the home port, pusan, import duty should be exempted.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.75-99
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• 1991

A quantitative analysis was carried out to monitor the commercial yield level of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the east coast of Korea, based on available data on catch and fishing effort, catch per unit of effort including fish prices from 1911 to 1988, using a traditional yield model. The results from the quantitative assessment were based to estimate maximum economic yield (MEY) and optimal fishing effort (E-opt) at MEY. On the other hand, interaction aspects between danish seine fishery and trawl fishery mainly targeting walleye pollock in the east coast of Korea were studied to predict optimal situation in fishing effort level from economic point of view which gives the most benefits to the two fisheries. Total production of walleye pollock in 1911 when its catch record was begun for the first time was about 12, 000 metric tons(M/T), and then the catch trend maintained nearly at the level of 50, 000 M/T per annum, showing a decreasing trend until 1930. The highest production from historical data base on walleye pollock fishery statistics was from the years in 1939 and 1940, about 270, 000 M/T and 26, 000 M/T, respectively. No production of the fish species was recorded during the years from 1943 to 1947, and from 1949 to 1951. From 1952 onwards annual production was only available from the southern part of 38$^{\circ}$N in the east coast. During two decades from 1952 to 1970, the production had sustained about less than 30, 000 M/T every year. Annual production showed an increasing trend from 1971, reaching a maximum level of approximately 162, 000 M/T in 1981. Afterwards, it has deceased sharply year after year and amounted to 180, 000 M/T in 1988. The catch composition of walleye pollock for different fishery segments during 1970~1988 showed that more than 70% of the total catch was from danish seine fishery until 1977 but from 1978 onwards, the catch proportion did not differ from one another, accounting for the nearly same proportion. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) for both danish seine fishery and trawl fishery maintained a decline tendency after 1977 when the values of CPUE were at level of 800 kg/haul for the former fishery and 1, 300 kg/haul for the latter fishery, respectively. CPUEs of gillnet fishery during 1980~1983 increased to about 3.5 times as high value as in the years, 1970~1979 and during 1987~1988 it decreased again to the level of the years, 1970~1978. The bottom longline fishery's CPUE wa at a very low level (20 kg/basket) through the whole study years, with exception of the value (60 kg/basket) in 1980. Fishing grounds of walleye pollock in the east coast of Korea showed a very limited distribution range. Danish seine fishery concentrated fishing around the coastal areas of Sokcho and Jumunjin during January~February and October~December. Distributions of fishing grounds of trawl fishery were the areas along the coastal regions in the central part of the east coast. Gillnet and bottom longline fisheries fished walleye pollock mainly in the areas of around Sokcho and Jumunjin during January~February and December. Relationship between CPUEs' values from danish seine fishery and trawl fishery was used to standardize fishing effort to apply to surplus production model for estimating maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and optimum fish effort (F-opt) at MSY. The results suggested a MSY of 114, 000 M/T with an estimated F-opt of 173, 000 hauls per year. Based on the estimates of MSY and F-opt, MEY was estimated to be about 94, 000 M/T with a range of 81, 000 to 103, 000 M/T and E-opt 100, 000 hauls per year with a range of 80, 000 to 120, 000 hauls. The estimated values of MEY and E-opt corresponded to 82% of MSY and 58% of F-opt, respectively. An optimal situation in the fishing effort level, which can envisage either simultaneously maximum yield or maximum benefit for both danish seine fishery and trawl fishery, was determined from relationship between revenue and cost of running the fleet : the optimal fishing effort of danish seine fishery was about 52, 000 hauls per year, corresponding to 50 danish seiners and 27, 000 hauls per year which is equal nearly to 36 trawlers, respectively. It was anticipated that the net income from sustainable yield estimated from the respective optimal fishing effort of the two fisheries will be about 3, 800 million won for danish seine fishery and 1, 000 million won for trawl fishery.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1977

1975년 8월부터 1977년 5월까지 실내수조에서 순환여과제치를 하여 5g 정도 이상되는 뱀장어르 대상으로 사육시험을 하고 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 실지렁이를 먹이로 하면 수조내에서 곧 적응하여 보통은 사료계수 5전후, 일간성장율 $2\%$전후의 성장성적을 나타내었다.(Table 2). 2. 고등어 육을 밀가루 또는 배합사료에 섞어서 사육한 결과는 대체적으로 사료계수 4-5사이였고 일간성장율도 특별한 경우를 제외하고는 $1\%$ 이상 $2\%$ 가까운 수자를 나타내었다.(Table 3,4). 3 배합사료를 사육한 결과 거의 성장이 중지된 $12.4\~14.7g$ 평균의 뱀장어에게 실지렁이와 배합사료를 적의교대로 공급하니 사육계수 $4.3\~6.0$, 일간 성장도 약 $1.4\~2.3\%$이 정상적인 성장을 하였다. (Table 5). 4. 배양백색어분을 주원료로 한 실험배합사료로서 사육한 결과 건조원료환산사료계수 $1.31\~1.83$ 평균 1.55(Table 6,7)로 대조로 사용한 일본상품사료흑자용 및 양중용의 계수 1.34 및 1.328에 비교하여 대차없는 결과를 나타내었다. 5. 실험배합사료는 수입상품사료에 비교하여 증육생산비가 약 1,8분의 1(약 $45\%$ 절감) (77년 봄의 국내 시세기준) 밖에 소요되지 않는다. 6. 불균일성장이 심하고 성장이 늦어진 것을 약 30g의 크기로 될 때까지 성장이 빠른 것에 비하여 사료효율 및 성장률 다 같이 대단히 좋지 못했으며, 약 30g이상이 된 후부터는 이 두 요소 도무 정상화되었다. 7. 성장이 늦은 것은 내적인 생리기능에도 그 원인이 있을 것으로 생각되지만 또 외적인 요소에도 원인이 있을지도 모른다. 이 점에 대한 구명연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 부채보유 가계를 대상으로 가계부채에 미치는 결정요인에 대하여 분석하고자 한 연구이다. 분석 방법으로는 SPSS 22.0을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부채보유 가계를 대상으로 검증한 결과, 인구통계학적 특성으로는 학력이 낮을수록, 나이가 많을수록, 직업은 농림 및 어업에서 그리고 가구원 수가 많을수록, 성별에 있어서는 여성들이 더 많은 심리적 부채부담을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부채보유가계 중 월평균 부채상환액과 총자산에 대한 부채부담특성이 심리적 부채부담에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 취약계층을 위하여 부채부담을 낮출 수 있도록 부채 금리를 낮추고, 가계부채자에 대한 이해도를 높이는 것이 필요하며, 그에 적합한 금융교육과 컨설팅이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. 셋째, 부채보유 가계 중 심리적 부채 부담에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나이가 많을수록, 소득에 비해 월평균 지급이자 및 상환액이 높을수록, 총자산에 비해 총부채가 많을수록 심리적 부채부담에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 가계부채에 영향을 주는 다른 요인은 후속연구에서 다루어질 것이다.