• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.195-210
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• 2016

The study Development of the Agricultural Cooperative in Cambodia seek to explore the progress of agricultural cooperative( AC) development in Cambodia and South Korea. The experiences of Korea AC development are used to improve the Cambodian ACs. The results of study gave a lessons that the Korea ACs, which were multipurpose cooperatives were formed and owned by the government and had been considered as a successful development strategy for rural and agricultural development. As the government directly managed the businesses and other operations, available budgets, close with monitoring, and active member's participation the AC in Korea progressed rapidly for both the members and business scopes and it hugely contributed to rural development of Korea. For the future development of AC in Cambodia recommendations based on lessons from Korea AC will give a message to government and NGO. Rural Development always related with farmer's life. To live well in rural area provide effective mechanism to income increase. To development of AC in Cambodia is future of rural development.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.402-408
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• 2003

A quantitative method was suggested for estimating damages in fishery production due to the diffusion and deposition of suspended silt and clay by various construction processes in tidal flat fishing grounds. Marine populations are maintained through the process of spawning, growth, recruitment, natural death and death by fishing each year. All of the year classes of the population in a fishery ground could be affected when damages occur by human activities such as land filling or reclamation. The propose of this study is to calculate damages in terms of fishery production using a quantitative population dynamic method. If the maximum age in the population is $X_\lambda,$ the starting year of damage is $t_s,$ and the ending year of damage is $t_e,$ the number of year classes damaged is $t_{s-n\lambda}-t_e,$ Many year classes present in the year $t_s,$ and so if damages occur, they Influence all the year classes which are present in the population. Damaged year classes in year $t_e$ would still be in the population until the year $t_{e+n\lambda}$, where $n_{\lambda}$ is the oldest age class. If the expected yield of a year class is constant, the total yield from year classes in the fishing ground during the construction periods can be calculated as follows: $Y_\Phi=[(t_e-t_s+1)+n_c]{\cdot}Y_E+\sum\limits^{n_\lambda-n_c}_{l=1}\;\sum\limits^{n_\lambda-n_c}_{l=i}\;Y_{n_c+i}$ This method was applied for damage estimation in the production of Ruditapes philippinarum in a tidal flat fishing ground.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.236-245
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• 1997

On the basis of the seven species of fish caught by fishing boats with two crewmen belonging to the Iwawada Fisheries Cooperative of Chiba Prefecture, the fishing boats were classified by species withhigh market values, and the results obtainedwere reclassified by discriminant function. As a result, the fishing boats were classified into four groups. These four groups are : G1 featuring themain catchesof yellowtailsand skipjack/tunas ; G2 yellowtails and squids ; G3 squids and skipjack/tunas, and G4 octopus and other miscellaneous specles. Furthermore, principal component analysis were carried out on fish catches of the seven species in terms of the value obtained from a catch from the scores of the first, second and third principal components. The results of analysis show that Groups G1, G2 and G3 assume identical fishing form, while only Group G4 asumes a different fishing form.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1983

Electrical conductivity of raw milk obtained from milk cans transported from various dairy farms was discussed in relation to the contents of lactose, chloride and Koestler number to check the possibility of its application as a method for evaluation and detection of abnormality of raw milk. Correlation between the electrical conductivity and Koestler number was recognized with a coefficient of 0.76. The percentages of abnormal milk based on the Koestler number 3.5, chloride content 0.14% and the electrical conductivity $6.260({\mu}mho/cm){\times}10^3$ were 14.0%, 15.3% and 14.0%, respectively. In case of, the watered and salted milk, measurement of the specific gravity was necessary as an auxiliary process because of the decreasing electrical conductivity with increasing water content.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2013

Tasmania with its clean air, isolated from mainland Australia, has been producing high-quality agricultural products and has been continually developing organic farming since 1946 when the Living Soil Association of Tasmania(LSAT) was established. The organic farming movement in Tasmania has been actively advocated through three steps: the philosophical embryonic period, the movement diffusion period and the industrialised development period. The campaigns for informing about the connection between healthy soil and life unfolded during the embryonic period. This was followed by the birth of publicity of organic farming and the certification system through the dissemination of organic farming techniques and various events related to agriculture in the diffusion period when the Organic Gardening and Farming Society(OGFS) was established in 1972. In the industrialised development period, The Organic Coalition of Tasmania (OCT) which is representative of Tasmania was organised in 2000 and has been leading the organic farming industry. The organic farming movement in Tasmania not only limits the use of artificial agricultural chemical but pursues the quality of food, environment, the health of life including all animals and plants, the issue of development in rural society, social justice, and equity in understanding. It is far more holistic in its philosophy. The output of organic food accounts for 1 % of the total amount of agricultural production and 150 certified organic farms have managed with 5,000ha of land in 2010. The supply channels for organic foods vary from farmer's market, specialty stores, supermarket chains, local store to the cooperative community. Also the consumers' behaviour for organic foods has been establishing as an alternative life style. The education of the value and role of organic farming on the environment should be enlarged for the consumption of the organic food. In addition, organising for small farmers who act individually and the link with differentiated local food have still remained issues.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2014

Mottled skates, Beringraja pulchra, mainly found in the Yellow Sea were caught by otter trawl at 30 stations from 2002 to 2013 to identify the distribution patterns and ecology of the fish in the eastern Yellow Sea. A total of 442 individuals of mottled skate were caught at the 112 hauls of the total 892 hauls. The fish was widely distributed in the entire survey area in spring and autumn, and mainly caught in the northern offshore in summer and in the southern part in winter. The under-yearlings of the mottled skate were mainly caught in the offshore in spring and autumn. The mottled skates were found at the temperature ranges of $3.8{\sim}14.5^{\circ}C$, and the salinity of 31.2~34.2. The catch data of the fish suggested that water temperature be a critical factor for the distribution with the optimal ranges of $5{\sim}14^{\circ}C$. Salinity and water depth were not critical as much as the water temperature for the distribution of the mottled skates in the Yellow Sea. Also, the annual fluctuations of the fish catch were reviewed using the catch data from korea fisheries cooperative and national statistics from 1991 to 2009.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were 1) to review the current status of cooperative extension services in Japan, and 2) to draw implications for improving Korean agricultural extension system. Faced with various problems since its localization of extension services in 1997, Korean agricultural extension needs to be improved and strengthened in order to continually achieve the national goals of food production, balanced national development and preservation of environment, at the same time to meet increasing needs of farmers. The results of the study revealed the major characteristics of agricultural extension services in Japan as follows; 1) Each agricultural extension centers were administratively and technically coordinated by the prefectural (provincial) government, 2) There were 11 public corporations with agricultural extension functions under the MAFF(Ministry of Agricultural Forestry and Fisheries) financed by government subsidies 3) Agricultural experiment stations at provincial level were responsible for developing agricultural innovations for farmers' adoption, 4) The functions and operation of the agricultural extension centers were independent from the local agricultural administration. Some of the implications drawn from the study were as follows; 1) In order to accomplish major objectives of agricultural extension services in Korea legal status of agricultural extension centers should be changed from city/county to provincial government, 2) It would be desirable to establish public corporations concerned with agricultural extension under the Rural Development Administration, 3) Provincial Rural Development Administration should be reinforced in terms of applied farming research and diffusion of new technology, 4) Agricultural extension centers should be independent from administrative function and be separated from administration at the city/county level.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.27.1-27.15
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• 2023

Background: The relationships between the postpartum subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurrence and predicted bacterial functions during the periparturient period are still not clear in Holstein cows. Objectives: The present study was performed to investigate the alterations of rumen fermentation, bacterial community structure, and predicted bacterial functional pathways in Holstein cows. Methods: Holstein cows were divided into the SARA (n = 6) or non-SARA (n = 4) groups, depending on whether they developed SARA during the first 2 weeks after parturition. Reticulo-ruminal pH was measured continuously during the study period. Reticulo-ruminal fluid samples were collected 3 weeks prepartum, and 2 and 6 weeks postpartum, and blood samples were collected 3 weeks before, 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks postpartum. Results: The postpartum decline in 7-day mean reticulo-ruminal pH was more severe and longer-lasting in the SARA group compared with the non-SARA group. Changes in predicted functional pathways were identified in the SARA group. A significant upregulation of pathway "PWY-6383" associated with Mycobacteriaceae species was identified at 3 weeks after parturition in the SARA group. Significantly identified pathways involved in denitrification (DENITRIFICATION-PWY and PWY-7084), detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (PWY1G-0), and starch degradation (PWY-622) in the SARA group were downregulated. Conclusions: The postpartum SARA occurrence is likely related to the predicted functions of rumen bacterial community rather than the alterations of rumen fermentation or fluid bacterial community structure. Therefore, our result suggests the underlying mechanisms, namely functional adaptation of bacterial community, causing postpartum SARA in Holstein cows during the periparturient period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1995

In order to investigate the relation between the phytoplankton and the catch fluctuation of set net fishing grounds located in the coastal waters of Yeosu, phytoplankton observations on the fishing ground were carried out by the training ship of Yeosu, Fisheries University from April to November in 1990, and the data obtained were compared with the catch data from the joint market of yeosu fisheries cooperative society in 1990. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The phytoplanktons were more appeared in summer than in spring or autumn and their quantity was much in the shore of Dolsan-do, and little in the offshore waters distributed in the shores of Sori-do and Sejon-do, Thus, the quantity of the planktons could be used for estimating the distribution of watermass. 2) The fishes caught by the set net were arranged in the order of catch amounts as follows: Spanish mackerel > Hair tail > Common mackerel > Sardine > Anchovy > Horse mackerel > Yellow tail. The catches of anchovy and Sardine were high in April to May and Hair tail. Horse mackerel and Common mackerel were caught from June to October. But Spanish mackerel were caught during the whole period of fishing. 3) The catches by set nets showed a correlation with the quantity of phytoplanktons. The planktons appeared most in the inner waters. influenced largely by the inflow of land waters in summer. and the catches were high in summer when the offshore water was distributed least. Therefore, the most important factor influencing the catches were regarded to be the productivity of food organism in inner water into which abundant nutrients were supplied by the inflow of land waters. That is, the fluctuation of catches by set nets seemed to be influenced mainly by the productivity of food organism.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1988

To elucidate the mechanism of action of local anesthetics, the effects of local anethetics on the microenvironment of the lipid bilayers of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from bovine brain and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) multilamellar liposomes were investigated employing the intermolecular excimer fluorescence technique and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The relative intensities of excimer and monomer fluorescence of pyrene are a simple linear function of the viscosity of a homologous series of solvents. The microviscosity(${\eta}$)of the hydrocarbon region of SPMV was measured by this method and the value was $57.3{\pm}5.3\;cP$ at $37^{\circ}C$. In the presence of lidocaine-HCl and procaine-HCl, the values decreased to $46.5{\pm}5.1\;cP$ and $54.7{\pm}4.8\;cP$, respectvely. The differential scanning thermograms of DMPC multilamellar liposomes showed that local anesthetics significantly lowered the phase transition temperature, broadened the thermogram peaks, and reduced the size of the cooperative unit. These results indicate that local anesthetics have significant fluidizing effects on biomembranes and perturbation of membrane lipids may produce some, but not all, of their pharmacological actions.