• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.7.1-7.6
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• 2017

A feeding trial was designed to assess the effects of dietary protein and lipid content on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and muscle proximate composition of juvenile mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri. Six experimental diets were formulated with a combination of three protein (35, 45, and 55%) and two dietary lipid levels (7 and 14%). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish ($8.3{\pm}0.1g$) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance in terms of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing dietary protein level from 35 to 55% at the same dietary lipid level. At the same dietary lipid content, WG and SGR obtained with diets containing 55% protein was significantly higher than those obtained with diets containing 45 and 35% protein. No significant effect on growth rate was found when the dietary level of lipid was increased from 7 to 14%. While the levels of protein and lipid in the diets had no significant effect on feed intake, other nutrient utilization efficiency parameters including daily protein intake (DPI), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) showed a similar trend to that of growth rates, with the highest values obtained with diets containing 55% protein. Muscle chemical composition was not significantly affected by the different dietary treatments for each dietary lipid or protein level tested. These findings may suggest that a practical diet containing 55% protein and 7% lipid provides sufficient nutrient and energy to support the acceptable growth rates and nutrient utilization of mandarin fish juveniles.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

본 연구는 넙치 육성용으로 실험 부상배합사료와 시판사료 및 생사료의 효능을 비교하기 위해 평균 체중 43.5 g의 넙치를 8주 동안 사육하였다. 실험사료로 4종류의 부상배합사료(EPl-EP4), 시판사료 4종류(EP5-EP8)및 습사료(MP)를 준비하여 1일 3회 만복으로 공급하였다. 사육실험 결과, 생존율은 모든 실험구에서 $85\%$ 이상으로 양호하였으며, 증중률은 EP2-EP4 실험구에서 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, EP6 실험구에서 가장 낮았다. 사료효율과 단백질효율은 MP 실험구에서 가장 낮은 값을 보인 반면, 일일 사료섭취율과 일일 단백질섭취율은 MP 실험구에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 어체의 단백질 함량은 실험구간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 수분, 지질 및 회분 함량은 사료에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 혈액의 총 단백질은 모든 실험구간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 , 중성지방은 EP3 실험구에서 높은 값을 보이긴 하였지만, EP7 실험구를 제외한 모든 실험구간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과들로 보아 평균체중 42 g${\~}$108 g인 넙치의 성장을 위해 EP2-EP4를 공급하여도 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary moisture content on the growth and gastrointestinal evacuation of sub-adult olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the summer and winter seasons. In the first experiment, three experimental diets containing different moisture levels (7%, 15%) and additives were prepared by adding water and commercial additives (1% nutrients, 1% digestives) to commercial extruded pellets. Fish (initial weight: $332{\pm}9.2$ g) were distributed randomly into six 3000 L tanks (25 fish/tank) in a flow-through tank system. Two replicate groups of fish were fed the experimental diets to satiation for 14 weeks during the summer season ($21.4{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$). Survival, weight gain, feed efficiency, and daily feed intake did not differ significantly among groups. In the second experiment, two experimental diets containing different moisture levels (8%, 23%) were prepared by adding water to commercial extruded pellets. Fish (initial weight: $646{\pm}6.7$ g) were randomly distributed into six 3000 L tanks (20 fish/tank) in a flow-through tank system. Three replicate groups of fish were fed the experimental diets to satiation for 19 weeks during the winter season ($12.2{\pm}1.2^{\circ}C$). Weight gain, feed efficiency, and daily feed intake did not differ significantly among groups. Gastrointestinal evacuation rates were determined after the end of the winter feeding trials. The stomach contents of fish fed diets containing different moisture levels peaked within 3 h after feeding and then decreased gradually over 40 h to approach pre-feeding levels. Intestinal contents began to accumulate 3 h after feeding and reached a maximum at 32 h, then declined until nearly complete evacuation around 56 h. The stomach contents reached moisture levels of approximately 70% within 3 h after feeding and then increased gradually. No considerable difference in moisture levels was observed in the stomach contents of fish fed diets with different moisture contents. The results of this study suggest that the gastric evacuation of sub-adult olive flounder was not affected by dietary moisture level and the addition of water to the diet had no beneficial effect on the growth of sub-adult olive flounder in the summer and winter seasons.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the possible changes over the past ten years in the estimated daily dietary lead intake (Pb-D) stemming from the variation of daily intake amounts for each food group. The following factors were considered; 1. time trends in Pb-D as the estimated values, 2. the time trend in Pb-D by food groups 3. the most influential food groups for dietary Pb intake. Methods: Estimated Pb-D was drawn from food consumption according to food groups reported in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey and the lead contents of each food group as reported in 23 prior publications. Results: The estimated Pb-D in a 2009 survey was 40.8 ${\mu}g/day$, of which 22.5 ${\mu}g/day$ (55.1%) was of plant origin and 18.3 ${\mu}g/day$ (44.9%) was of animal origin. Meats and poultry, fish and shellfish among foods of animal origin and beverages of plant origin had the largest contribution in Pb-D among the food groups. Conclusion: Over past ten years, daily lead intakes have slightly increased among men. Otherwise, no clear variation is apparent among women.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1998

This study was designed to estimate mean daily iron intake and its bioavailabi- lity and to assess nutrition knowledge for 144 pregnant women in the last trimester. Serum ferritin concentration was analyzed to estimate their iron stores. Dietary intakes of iron(heme iron and nonheme iron), the amounts of MPF(meat, poultry and fish) and ascorbic acid were assessed by modified 24-hr recall method. The food frequency questionnaire was used to assess subjects usual food consumption patterns. The mean value of serum ferritin was $21.3\pm{15.2ng/ml}$ and 26.4% of the pregnant women had a serum ferritin level <12ng/ml(i.e. depleted iron stores). The mean daily intake of total orin in the pregnant women was 56.5%(17.0mg) of RDA and heme iron intake was 0.94mg which was 5.5% of total iron intake. Total absorbable iron calculated by the method of Monsen was 2.41mg and bioavailability of dietary iron was 2.41%. Food frequency test score of meats group was positively correlated(r=0.443) with the bioaavailability of dietary iron. The mean score on the nutrition knowledge test of subjects was 12.76(out of a possible 20 points). These results indicate that the nutritional iron status may be improved by increasing either the amount of iron in the diet or its availability.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1070-1080
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• 2002

This study was designed to obtain the information concerning food intake, dietary habits, functional status, health condition and cognitive status of the elderly using public health center in Ulsan area. The subjects of this study consisted 154 elderly persons aged 60~82 years. Interviews were conducted using the health habits and food frequency questionnaires to provide basic information for nutrition education program. We evaluated the current food intake, dietary cholesterol intake (cholesterol index), functional status, cognitive function and blood analysis of the subjects. The results of this study were as follows : Mean age of the subjects was 68.7 $\pm$ 6.7years. The average cognitive status score of the subjects was 7.9 $\pm$ 2.0 (full score was 10.0). Male had a higher cognitive status score than female. There was significant difference between cognitive status score and age, education level, pocket money, physical activity and living condition. The subjects who had a higher cognitive status score ate more fish and meats group and milk and milk products than the subjects had a lower cognitive status score. And hemoglobin level, serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index affected to cognitive status while fasting blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol did not any effect on cognitive status. These results have demonstrated that various socioeconomic variables and food intake pattern and nutritional status affect on cognitive status with aging and suggest that proper nutrition education and adequate nutrient intake in quality and quantity are essential in maintaining cognitive status in later life.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2014

Background: This study aimed to provide an overview of lifestyle changes after breast cancer diagnosis and to examine the relationship between dietary and physical activity changes with weight changes in breast cancer patients. Women with breast carcinomas (n=368) were recruited from eight hospitals and four breast cancer support groups in peninsular Malaysia. Dietary and physical activity changes were measured from a year preceding breast cancer diagnosis to study entry. Mean duration since diagnosis was $4.86{\pm}3.46$ years. Dietary changes showed that majority of the respondents had decreased their intake of high fat foods (18.8-65.5%), added fat foods (28.3-48.9%), low fat foods (46.8-80.7%), red meat (39.7%), pork and poultry (20.1-39.7%) and high sugar foods (42.1-60.9%) but increased their intake of fish (42.7%), fruits and vegetables (62.8%) and whole grains (28.5%). Intake of other food groups remained unchanged. Only a small percentage of the women (22.6%) had increased their physical activity since diagnosis where most of them (16.0%) had increased recreational activities. Age at diagnosis (${\beta}$= -0.20, p= 0.001), and change in whole grain (${\beta}$= -0.15, p= 0.003) and fish intakes (${\beta}$= 0.13, p= 0.013) were associated with weight changes after breast cancer diagnosis. In summary, the majority of the women with breast cancer had changed their diets to a healthier one. However, many did not increase their physical activity levels which could improve their health and lower risk of breast cancer recurrence.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.553-559
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to define a one-portion size of food frequently consumed by the Koreans aged 65 years or over. From the original 8,631 people who took part in the Forth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES IV-2) 2008, we analyzed the data on 1,458 persons (16.9%) aged 65 and over, and selected food items consumed based on the intake frequency of 30 or more by all participant. A total of 158 varieties of food items were selected. The portion size of food items was set on the basis of the median amount (50 percentile) in a single intake by a single person. In the cereals category, 13 items were selected, of which the most frequently consumed item was well-polished rice with portion size of 75 g. Among legumes, 7 items were selected, of which the most frequent item was dried black soybean with a portion size of 6 g. Among the 16 groups, the most varied food group (49 items) was vegetables, and among these the most frequently occurring item was garlic (5 g), while among the fruit group, only 11 items were selected, as their intake frequency was low. Fish and shellfish were more frequently consumed by the elderly than meats. The most frequently consumed meat was pork loin, with a portion size of 30 g. In fish and shellfish, the most frequently consumed item was dried and boiled large anchovy with a portion size of 2 g. Portion sizes for food items consumed regularly by the elderly may be conveniently and effectively used in dietary planning and in nutritional education programs, and in assessing the diet intake status of the elderly.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2009

This study analysed the mercury concentration in the hair of 62 students (male : 21, female : 41) of D university in Najusi, Jeon-Nam area. Also, questionnaire, which developed by NIES, were completed by the students. According to the questionnaire, most of the students had a higher intake of meat than that of fish. Also, among the students, there were many smokes and many had dental treatment with amalgam. Based on the gender, female showed 1.024 ${\mu}g/g$ and male showed 0.882 ${\mu}g/g$ of the mercury concentration. This means that female students had higher level of mercury in their hair, but it was not a significant statistic difference. Comparing by the intake frequency of meat, processed food stuffs, protein foods, it shows the more they at the higher mercury concentration was observed. According to the intake frequency of fish, when the number of times they intake increased, the mercury concentration was higher. Under one time was 0.857 ${\mu}g/g$ and twice or more times were 1.152 ${\mu}g/g$, which showed a significant statistical difference (p<0.05). Depending on the Life style, the mercury concentration in the hair was high with workout, outdoor activities, and direct smoking. The mercury concentration in the hair showed no difference for whether they received amalgam treatment but the personal dietary habit and the Living condition affects strongly on the mercury concentration level.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.722-733
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore dietary patterns and compare dietary patterns using cluster and factor analysis in Korean adults. This study analyzed data of 4,182 adult populations who aged 30 and more and had all of socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data from 2005 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Socio-demographic data was assessed by questionnaire and dietary data from 24-hour recall method was used. For cluster analysis, the percent of energy intake from each food group was used and 4 patterns were identified: "traditional", "bread, fruit & vegetable, milk", "noodle & egg", and "meat, fish, alcohol". The "traditional" pattern group was more likely to be old, less educated, living in a rural area and had higher percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates than other pattern groups. "Meat, fish, alcohol" group was more likely to be male and higher percentage of energy intake from fat. For factor analysis, mean amount of each food group was used and also 4 patterns were identified; "traditional", "modified", "bread, fruit, milk", and "noodle, egg, mushroom". People who showed higher factor score of "traditional" pattern were more likely to be elderly, less educated, and living in a rural area and higher proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates. In conclusion, three dietary patterns defined by cluster and factor analysis separately were similar and all dietary patterns were affected by socio-demographic factors and nutrient profile.