DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Time Trends in Estimated Dietary Lead Intake from the Variation of Intake Weight Per Food Group

식품군별 섭취중량 변화에 따른 납의 경구섭취 추정량의 경년변화

  • Moon, Chan-Seok (Department of Industrial Health, Catholic University of Pusan)
  • 문찬석 (부산가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과)
  • Received : 2011.06.01
  • Accepted : 2011.08.20
  • Published : 2011.08.31

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the possible changes over the past ten years in the estimated daily dietary lead intake (Pb-D) stemming from the variation of daily intake amounts for each food group. The following factors were considered; 1. time trends in Pb-D as the estimated values, 2. the time trend in Pb-D by food groups 3. the most influential food groups for dietary Pb intake. Methods: Estimated Pb-D was drawn from food consumption according to food groups reported in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey and the lead contents of each food group as reported in 23 prior publications. Results: The estimated Pb-D in a 2009 survey was 40.8 ${\mu}g/day$, of which 22.5 ${\mu}g/day$ (55.1%) was of plant origin and 18.3 ${\mu}g/day$ (44.9%) was of animal origin. Meats and poultry, fish and shellfish among foods of animal origin and beverages of plant origin had the largest contribution in Pb-D among the food groups. Conclusion: Over past ten years, daily lead intakes have slightly increased among men. Otherwise, no clear variation is apparent among women.

Keywords

References

  1. Buchet JP, Lauwerys R, Vandevoorde A, Pycke J M. Oral daily intake of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper, chromium, mercury, calcium, zinc and arsenic in Belgium: A duplicate meal study. Food Chem Toxicol. 1983; 21: 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(83)90263-6
  2. Muller M, Anke M. Distribution of cadmium in the food chain (soil-plant-human) of a cadmium exposed area and the health risk of the general population. Sci Total Environ. 1994; 156: 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90352-2
  3. Ikeda M, Watanabe T, Koizumi A, Fujita H, Nakatsuka H, Kasahara M. Dietary intake of lead among Japanese farmers. Arch Environ Health. 1989; 44: 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1989.9935868
  4. Ikeda M, Zhang Z-W, Shimbo S, Watanabe T, Nakatsuka H, Moon C-S. et al. Urban population exposure to lead and cadmium in east and southeast Asia. The Sci Total Environ. 2000; 249: 272- 384.
  5. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental health criteria 85. Lead-environmental aspects. Geneva. World Health Organization 1989.
  6. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental health criteria 134. Cadmium. Genava. World Health Organization 1992.
  7. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental health criteria 135. Cadmium-environmental aspects. Geneva. World Health Organization 1992a.
  8. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental health criteria 165. Inorganic lead. Geneva. World Health Organization 1995.
  9. International Agency for Research on Cancer: Lead and lead compound. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Human. 1980; 23: 325-415.
  10. IARC. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans: Some metals and metabolic compounds. 1980; 23: 315- 425.
  11. ACGIH (2010) TLVs and BEIs. Cincinnati, OH.
  12. Moon C-S, Zhang Z-W, Shimbo S, Watanabe T, Moon D-H, Lee C-U, et al. Dietary intake of cadmium and lead among general population in Korea. Environ Res. 1995; 71: 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1995.1066
  13. Moon C-S, Ikeda M. Pollutant levels in ambient air and blood in Korea. Environ Health Prev Med. 1996; 1: 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02931170
  14. Choi B-W, Jung J-H, Choi W-J, Jeon C-J, Shon BH. Distribution characteristics of ambient heavy metals based on the emission sources and their carcinogenic risk assessment in Ulsan, Korea. Kor J Env Hlth. 2006; 32(5): 522-531.
  15. Ministry of Environment, Korea. Environmental Health Act 2009.
  16. Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Korea (2010) Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2009.
  17. Sheo H-J, Hong S-S, Kim C-M. A study on the contents of heavy metals in freshwater fishes of Yeong San river. J Korean Soc Food Nutr. 1991; 20(6): 615-620.
  18. Sung D-W, Lee Y-W. A study on the content of heavy metals of marine fish in Korean coastal water. Kor J Food Hygiene. 1993; 8(4): 231-240.
  19. Park SO. Studies on the content of minerals and heavy metals in milk and milk products. thesis for master course in graduate school of agriculture & animal science: Kon-kuk University; 1994.
  20. Kim YC, Han SH. A study on heavy metal contents of the fresh water fish, and the shellfish in Korean. J Food Hyg Safety. 1999; 14(3): 305-318.
  21. Kim M, Chang M-I, Chung S-Y, Sho Y-S, Hong MK. Trace metal contents in cereals, pulses and potatos and their safety evaluation. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2000; 29(3): 364-368.
  22. Kim I-S, Han S-H. A study of heavy metal contents in shellfishes of various areas in Jeonbuk. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2000; 29(5): 758-761.
  23. Chun OK, Kim Y, Han SH. A study on the contents of heavy metals in the commercial processed foods. J Food Hyg Safety. 2001; 16(4): 308-314.
  24. Chung S-Y, Kim M-H, Sho Y-S, Won K-P, Hong M-K. Trace metal contents in vegetables and their safety evaluations. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2001; 30(1): 32-36.
  25. Chung S-Y, Kim M, Kim JS, Hong M, Lee JO, Kim CM. Trace metal elements in sugar products and their safety evaluations. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2002; 34(6): 992-997.
  26. Ham H-J. Distribution of hazardous heavy metals (Hg, Cd, and Pb) in fishery products, sold at Garak wholesale markets in Seoul. J Food Hyg Safety. 2002; 17(3): 146-151.
  27. Chung S-Y, Kim J-S, Kim E-J, Park SK, Kim M, Hong M et al. Trace metal contents in tea products and their safety evaluations. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2003; 35(5): 812-817.
  28. Kim JH, Lim CW, Kim PJ, Park JH. Heavy metals in shellfishes around the south coast of Korea. J Food Hyg Safety. 2003; 18(3): 125-132.
  29. Kim M, Lee YD, Kim EJ, Chung SY, Park SK, Lee JO. Heavy metal contents in beverages consumed in Korea. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2003a; 35(3): 342-346.
  30. Kim M, Kim JS, Sho Y-S, Chung SY, Lee JO. The study on heavy metal contents in various foods. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2003b; 35(4): 561-567.
  31. Ha G-J, Song J-Y, Hah D-S. Study on the heavy metal contents in fishes and shellfishes of Gyeongsangnam- Do coastal area Part 1. J Food Hyg Safety. 2004; 19(3): 132-139.
  32. Kim M, Lee YD, Park HJ, Park SK, Lee JO. Contents of heavy metals in soybean curd and starch jelly consumed in Korea. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2005; 37(1): 1-5.
  33. Mok J-S, Park H-Y, Kim J-H. Trace metal contents and safety evaluation of major edible seaweeds from Korean coast. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2005; 34(9): 1464-1470. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.9.1464
  34. Yoo C-C, Kim D-W. Studies on the heavy metal contents in some vegetables sales on markets in Korea. Korean J Food Nutr. 2005; 18(3): 254-264.
  35. Hwang YO, Park SG. Contents of heavy metals in marine fishes, sold in Seoul. Anal Sci Tech. 2006; 19(4): 342-351.
  36. Kim H-Y, Kim J-C, Kim S-Y, Lee J-H, Jang Y-M, Lee M-S, et al. Monitoring of heavy metals in fishes in Korea- As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn, Total Hg. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2007; 39(4): 353-359.
  37. Kwon Y-M, Lee K-H, Lee H-S, Park S-O, Park JM, Kim J-M, et al. Risk assessment for heavy metals in Korean foods and livestock foodstuffs. Korean J Food Sci Resour. 2008; 28(3): 373-389. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.3.373
  38. Mok J-S, Shim K-B, Cho M-R, Lee T-S, Kim J-H. Contents of heavy metals in fishes from the Korean coasts. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2009; 38(4): 517-524. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.4.517
  39. Zhang Z-W, Moon C-S, Watanabe T, Shimbo S, Ikeda M. Contents of pollutant and nutrient elements in rice and wheat grown on the neighboring fields. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1997; 57: 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803868
  40. Watanabe T, Cha CW, Song DB, Ikeda M. Pb and Cd levels among Korean populations. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1987; 38: 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01606660
  41. Moon C-S, Paik J-M, Choi C-S, Kim D-H, Ikeda M. Lead and cadmium levels in daily foods, blood and urine in children and their mothers in Korea. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2003; 76: 282-288.
  42. Korea Food and Drug Administration. Dietary intake and risk assessment of heavy metals in Korean foods: Final report; 2001. p.77-85.
  43. Ministry of Environment, Korea. 2009 Environmental statistics yearbook; 2010. p.108, p325.
  44. Ikeda M. Biological monitoring of the general population for cadmium. In: Nordberg GF, Herker RFM, Alessio L. editors. Cadmium in the Human Environment: Toxicity and Carcinogenicity. IARC. Lyon; 1992. p.65-72.