In order to investigate the distribution and species composition of fish in shallow wetlands that might be affected by environmental factors, we investigated the physicochemical parameters, macrophytes biomass, and fish assemblage in 24 shallow wetlands in South Korea from May to June, 2012. In this study, a total of 20 fish species were identified, and Cypinidae were found to be the most dominant species. Physicochemical parameters and macrophyte biomass were different in the survey sites, and macrophytes biomass, in particular, showed a positive relationship with fish abundance in stepwise multiple regression (df=1, F=32.00, P=0.001). According to the result of the cluster analysis between survey sites, the survey sites were divided into three groups in accordance with species composition of fish in relation to macrophytes biomass. In the wetlands of the first group, Lepomis macrochirus which belongs to Centrarchidae was found to be dominant and other fish assemblages were hardly seen. In the second group, unlike the first group, Carassius auratus that belongs to Cypinidae was found to be dominant. In the third group, Lepomis macrochirus was found to be as dominant as the first group but various other fish species appeared. Where there was abundance of the main food sources (i. e. zooplankton) of fish in the survey sites, there were more diverse macrophyte biomass. Consequently, it is proven that macrophytes strongly affect the species composition and abundance of fish, and high biomass of macrophytes support high assemblage of fish. Based on these results, we recommend establishing diverse aquatic macrophytes communities when restoring or creating wetlands to assure high diversity of fish species that use macrophytes as their habitat.
Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
/
v.51
no.4
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pp.630-636
/
2015
The study aims at analyzing a species composition of the fish live in bottom of the coastal waters off Sejon island, Korea. To reach the goal of the study, a species composition and it's seasonally fluctuation, a seasonally fluctuation of the dominant species and it's appearance type were analyzed with the fishes caught by the bottom trawl in the coastal waters off Sejon island from May, 2011 to March, 2012. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; Fish caught in this area composes 10 orders, 25 families, and 37 species. The most dominant species in an number of fish was Pennahia argentata which was occupied at 42.1% from the whole number, the second most dominant species was Konosirus punctatus which was occupied at 14.2%. The most dominant species in a biomass of fish was Pennahia argentata which was 31.3% out of the whole catch, the next dominant species was Lophius litulonwhich which was 18.2%. The first group (Trichiurus lepturus, Zeus faber, Pennahia argentata, Chelidonichthys spinosus and Lophius litulon) was appeared at May, August, October, the second group (Sphyraena pinguis) was appeared at May and November, the third group (Pampus argenteus) was appeared at August, the fourth group (Pampus echinogaster, Leiognathus nuchalis, Konosirus punctatus and Engraulis japonicus) was appeared at March.
Seasonal variations in the community structure of larval fish assemblage in the coastal waters off Gadeok-do were investigated in May, August and November of 2019, and February in 2020. During the study period, a total of 85 larvae species belonging to 45 families were collected. The dominant species were Engraulis japonica, Gobiidae sp., Clupea pallasii, Decapterus maruadsi, and Callionymidae sp.. These five species accounted for 84.1% of the total number of larvae during the survey period. E. japonica, Gobiidae sp., D. maruadsi, and Callionymidae sp. were the dominant species in the summer, while C. pallasii was the dominant species in the winter. The Species Diversity Index was highest in the summer and lower in the fall and winter months, with the lowest values in the spring. As a result of cluster analysis using the number of individual larval fish showed that they are divided into four seasonal groups. In particular, due to seasonal changes in water temperature, an appropriate growth environment was formed in the summer, and an appropriate hatching water temperature for winter spawning fish species was formed in winter, reflecting the seasonal characteristics of the larval fish community.
Choi, Jong Yun;Kim, Seong-Ki;Park, Jung-Soo;Kim, Jeong-Cheol;Yoon, Jong-Hak
Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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v.32
no.3
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pp.274-288
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2018
This study investigated the environmental factors and fish assemblage in 42 wetlands between spring and autumn of 2017 to evaluate the fish distribution and deduce the management strategy for improving biodiversity in created wetlands located at the Nakdong River basin. The investigation identified a total of 30 fish species and found that the most of wetlands were dominated by exotic fishes such as Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus. Fish species such as Rhinogobius brunneus, Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, Zacco platypus were less abundant in the area with high density of Micropterus salmoides (static area) because they preferred the environment with active water flow. The pattern analysis of fish distribution in each wetland using the self-organizing map (SOM) showed a total of 24 variables (14 fish species and 10 environmental variables). The comparison of variables indicated that the distribution of fish species varied according to water depth and plant cover rate and was less affected by water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. The plant cover rate was strongly associated with high fish density and species diversity. However, wetlands with low plant biomass had diversity and density of fish species. The results showed that the microhabitat structure, created by macrophytes, was an important factor in determining the diversity and abundance of fish communities because the different species compositions of macrophytes supported diverse fish species in these habitats. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that macrophytes are the key components of lentic freshwater ecosystem heterogeneity, and the inclusion of diverse plant species in wetland construction or restoration schemes will result in ecologically healthy food webs.
Kim, Jun-Wan;Kim, Kyu-Jin;Choi, Beom-Myeong;Yoon, Ju-Duk;Park, Bae-Kyung;Kim, Jong-Hak;Jang, Min-Ho
Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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v.55
no.1
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pp.49-59
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2022
Total of 325 estuaries in Korea were surveyed to analyze the effect of presence of sluice gate on the estuary environment and fish community from 2016 to 2018. Fish community in closed and open estuaries showed differences generally, and the relative abundance (RA) of primary freshwater species in the closed and migratory species in the open estuaries were high. The result of classifying species by habitat characteristics in closed and open estuaries showed similar tendencies at the estuaries of south sea and west sea. The relative abundances of primary freshwater species in the closed estuaries at the estuaries of south sea and west sea were the highest, but estuarine and migratory species were high in both closed and open estuaries at the estuaries of east sea. Primary freshwater species showed higher abundances in the closed estuaries with reduced salinity due to blocking of seawater since they are not resistant to salt. However, primary freshwater species in open estuaries at east sea was higher than that of the closed estuaries, which is considered to be the result of reflecting the characteristics (tide, sand bar, etc.) of the east sea. Korea Estuary Fish Assessment Index (KEFAI) was showed to be higher at open estuaries than closed in all sea areas (T-test, P<0.001), the highest KEFAI was observed in closed estuaries at south sea, and open estuaries in east sea. Fish community of closed and open estuaries in each sea areas showed statistically significant differences (PERMANOVA, East, Pseudo-F=3.0198, P=0.002; South, Pseudo-F=22.00, P=0.001; West, Pseudo-F=14.067, P=0.001). Fish assemblage similarity by sea areas showed a significant differences on fish community in closed and open estuaries at east sea, south sea, and west sea (SIMPER, Group dissimilarity, 85.85%, 88.36%, and 88.05%). This study provided information on the characteristics and distribution of fish community according to the types of estuaries. The results of this study can be used as a reference for establishing appropriate management plans according to the sea areas and type in the management and restoration of estuaries for future.
Tae-Sik Yu;Chang Woo Ji;Yong Jun Kim;Gun Hee Oh;Young-Seuk Park;Ihn-Sil Kwak
Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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v.55
no.4
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pp.285-293
/
2022
Sampling gears for collecting fish are diverse, and the community of fish varies according to the selection and characteristics of the sampling gears. The present study compared the characteristics of fish communities in Yedang reservoir using four sampling gears (kick net, cast net, gill net, and fyke net). The kick net and cast net were inefficient in collecting the number of individuals. However, they increased the species diversity of fish inhabiting the waterfront. Although not many individuals were collected, the gill net mainly collected large fish. The largest number of individuals was collected in the fyke net, and the dominance was high due to the high species selectivity. Through Self-Organizing Map (SOM) analysis, large fish were collected in the gill net, whereas small fish were collected in the fyke net. The characteristics and efficiency of the fish differed depending on the sampling gears. It is expected that researchers will need to use it appropriately according to the characteristics of the sampling gears when investigating the fish community.
Seung-Been Heo;Kang-Hui Kim;Donghyun Hong;Hyeon-Sik Lee;Gu-Yeon Kim;Gea-Jae Joo;Hyunbin Jo
Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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v.55
no.3
/
pp.231-243
/
2022
Anthropogenic disturbances on freshwater ecosystem are known to degrade biodiversity, especially on fish assemblage. In this study, we have conducted fish surveys to identify impact of a bridge construction on fish assemblages. A total of eight study sites were surveyed in the Danjang and the Dong Stream in southern part of South Korea from June to November in 2021. The fish samplings were carried out five times, using cast-nets(10×10 mm mesh size), scoop-nets(4×4 mm, 5×5 mm mesh size), set-nets (10×10 mm mesh size), and fish traps (3×3 mm mesh size), along with the Stream/River Ecosystem Survey and Health Assessment by the Ministry of Environment of Korea and basic water quality measurement. Also, we applied the species diversity index and length-weight relationship regressions on certain species to identify interspecific growth rate differences in accordance with study sites. As a result, a total of 782 individuals, 23 species and 10 families were collected. The dominant species was Zacco Koreanus and relative abundance was 50.89%. When applying the length-weight relationship regressions on certain species, the 'b' value for Z. Koreanus was lower at the downstream points than at the upstream points of the construction site. In addition, when comparing to the results of the past survey, relative density of demersal fish at the upstream and downstream points decreased from 26% to 1.4%, and from 18% to 6.3%, respectively. In conclusion, it is considered that bridge construction negatively affects the habitat of fishes, especially on demersal fishes. Therefore, appropriate conservation efforts such as installation of silt protector and sand sedimentation pond are needed to alleviate the disturbance in habitat such as occurrence of turbidity and destruction of micro-habitats.
Park, Sang-Hyeon;Baek, Seung-Ho;Kim, Jeong-Hui;Kim, Dong-Hwan;Jang, Min-Ho;Won, Doo-Hee;Park, Bae-Kyung;Moon, Jeong-Suk
Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
/
v.55
no.1
/
pp.35-48
/
2022
Fish assemblage of total 325 of Korean peninsula estuaries were surveyed to analyze the characteristics of community structure and diversity by sea areas for three years from 2016 to 2018. The scale (stream width) of Korean estuaries were various (14~3,356 m), and 68.9% of all estuaries showed salinity of less than 2 psu. Total 149 species classified into 52 families of fish were identified, and the dominant and sub-dominant species were Tribolodon hakonensis (relative abundance, RA, 12.5%) and Mugil cephalus (RA, 9.5%), respectively. The estuary of the Korean Peninsula had different physical and chemical habitat environments depending on the sea area, and accordingly, fish community structure also showed statistically significant differences (PERMANOVA, Pseudo-F=26.69, P=0.001). In addition, the NMDS (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) results showed the patterns that indicating fish community difference by sea areas, even though low community similarity within sea area (SIMPER, 21.79~26.39%). The estuaries of east sea areas were distinguished from the others in the aspects of which, the higher importance of migratory fishes and endangered species, and that of brackish species were characterized at south sea estuaries. However, the estuaries of west sea showed higher importance of species that have a relation with freshwater (primary freshwater species, exotic species), which is the result that associating with the lower salinity of west sea estuaries because of the high ratio of closed estuaries(78.2%). The SIMPER analysis, scoring the contribution rates of species to community similarity, also showed results corresponding to the tendency of different fish community structures according to each sea area. So far, In Korea, most studies on fish communities in estuaries have been conducted in a single estuary unit, which made it difficult to understand the characteristics of estuaries at the national level, which are prerequisite for policy establishment. In present study, we are providing fish community structure characteristics of Korean estuaries in a national scale, including diversity index, habitat salinity ranges of major species, distribution of migratory species. We are expecting that our results could be utilized as baseline information for establishing management policies or further study of Korean estuaries.
The objective of study was to evaluate ecological health from seven sampling locations of Yoogu Stream, one of the tributaries of Guem River, July and September 2005. The research approach was based on the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) using fish assemblage and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) using fish assemblage. The models of IBI and QHEI were modified as 10 metric model and 11 metric model, respectively, for the regional applications. In Yoogu Stream, value of IBI were averaged 29.5 (n=7) which is judged as a 'fair condition'. The IBI model scores, at the site 3 and 7, were estimated as 23 and 24, indicating a 'poor${\sim}$fair condition' while, site 5 was estimated as 28, 'fair condition'. The remaining sites were between 31 and 34, indicating 'fair${\sim}$good condition'. According to the analysis of QHEI, the average was estimated as 136, 'fair${\sim}$good condition'. Spatial variation the QHEI were evident; site 1 and site 4 were 186 and 120 respectively, indicating an 'excellent and fair${\sim}$good conditions'. Site 3 was 69, fair condition while the other sites were 128${\sim}$156, good condition.
Fish assemblage occupying the surf zone habitat of Taecheon sand beach in Cheonsu Bay was analyzed using monthly samples collected by a beach seine from September 1984 through August 1985. During each sampling period five hauls were completed, one at each 2-hour interval during the spring tide. Of 35 species identified, Favonigobius gymnauchen, Sillago japonica, Konosirus punctatus, Sardinella zunasi and chaenogobius mororana accounted for 79% of the individuals collected, and F. gymnauchen, s. japonica, K. punctatus, S. zunasi and Kareius bicoloratus constituted 67% of the biomass obtained. Overall abundance in terms of numbers and in biomass were 0.13 individuals/m$^2$ and 0.33g/m$^2$, respectively. A larger number of individuals and greater biomass was observed during the warmer months showing significant correlation with water temperature. High abundance of June was related to the occurrence of adult F. gymnauchen. A large number of individuals and great biomass was collected in August and September, a period of high abundance in juveniles of the seasonal species such as S. japonica, K. punctatus and S. zunasi. Temperature and habitat occupation according to life history of the dominant species might be the primary factors of the marked seasonality of the surf zone fish populations in the study area.
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