• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.518-524
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• 1999

Timing of oviposition, nuclear maturation of oocytes, egg-sperm contact and brooding were observed in the giant fresh-water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii reared in the laboratory. When a pre-spawning molted female was transferred to the male, the female oviposited commonly at 5 to 10 hr after mating. The first polar body were extruded within 2-3 min after spawning. The egg chromosome progressed to release second polar body by 30 min and mitotic nuclear division occurred in 8 hr after spawning. Thumbtack-shaped spermatozoa were seen peneterating egg membrane with their spike directed forward. Transformation of spermatozoa and fertilization membrane could not be observed by light microscopy. The elapsed hours from oviposition to the end of brooding wee taken in 5-7 hr. Brood size for female 9 cm and 18 cm in body length was estimated to be 10,000~15,000 and 100,000 eggs, respectively and is proportional to the total length of the berried females. The ovigerous females reared at chlorinity of 2.21~4.25$\textperthousand$Cl. showed a normal egg development up to hatching.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2005

한국 제주도산 해가리비(Amusium japonicum japonicum)를 대상으로 생식주기, 생식소중량지수(GSI), 난경조성 변화, 군성숙도, 성적 성숙체장(50% 군성숙도) 및 성비를 조직학적 관찰 및 생체 측정에 의해 조사하였다. 해가리비는 자웅이체이다. 생식소 중량지수(GSI)의 월별 변화는 생식주기와 유사한 양상을 보였다. 완숙 난모세포들은 직경이 약 $70{\sim}90\;{\mu}m$ 정도이며, 두터운 난막을 가지는 특징을 가지고 있다. 산란기는 11월부터 1월 사이이며, 주 산란은 해수 수온이 낮은 $11{\sim}12$월 사이에 일어난다. 월별 난경 조성 변화를 보면, 산란기 중 산란빈도 수는 2회 이상으로 추정되지만, 산란기간은 1년에 한번이다. 본 종의 생식주기는 초기 활성기($4{\sim}6$월), 후기 활성기($6{\sim}9$월), 완숙기 ($10{\sim}11$월), 산란기($11{\sim}1$월), 그리고 퇴화 및 휴지기($2{\sim}4$월)의 연속적인 5단계로 나눌 수 있다. 각장 $85.1{\sim}90.0mm$인 암 수의 해가리비 군 성숙도는 50%이었고, 각장 90.0mm 이상인 개체들은 100%이었다. 이 개체군에서 성적으로 성숙한 암 수 개체들의 각장(군 성숙도 50%) 크기는 각각 86.96mm와 86.59mm이었다. 각장 85.1mm 이상인 암 수 개체들의 성비는 1:1로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다($X^2=0.18$, p>0.05). 조사된 해가리비의 조직학적 절편에서 자웅동체인 개체는 발견되지 않았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2014

We investigated the reproductive characteristics of Lycodes tanakae in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea to elucidate the species' population structure. We investigated Lycodes tanakae maturation and spawning based on samples collected by Danish seine and gill nets from January 2012 to December 2013. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg diameter, fecundity, and total length at 50% group maturity. The spawning period was December to February, while fecundity ranged from 1,677 eggs at 57.3 cm (total length;TL) to 6,445 eggs at 75.7 cm. The relationship between TL and fecundity (F) was $F_e=6E-05TL^{3.127}$ ($R^2$ = 0.516), and F increased with increasing TL. We estimated the TL at 50% group maturity as 60.4 cm for females and 59.8 cm for males. This study is the first report of Lycodes tanakae reproductive characteristics in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.329-332
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• 1982

부산수산대학 양어장에서 1978년부터 1931년 사이에 이스라엘잉어의 산난에 관한 일련의 시도연구를 하였다. 1. 처음 3년간인 1980년 초기까지 노하직체와 상품 Gonadotropin 호르몬 주사에 의한 산난유발을 시도했으나 거의 모두 실패하고, 1980년과 1981년에는 수온상승법에 의한 산난유발을 해본 결과 거의 완벽한 결과를 얻었다. 2. 친어지의 수온은 약 $7\;m^2$되는 소형운형지에 낮은 수온의 샘물을 연속 주입시켜서 $16.9\sim20.2^{\circ}C$의범위로 유지하였으며, 산난지의 수온은 친어지 수온보다 항상 $3.0\sim6.5^{\circ}C$ 높게 준비되었다. 3. 다양의 잉어 뇌하수체나 Gonadotropin을 주사하드라도 수온조절이 되지 않은 상태에서는 이스라엘잉어의 산난이 어렵다는 것을 알았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2008

Gonadal development, gametogenesis, reproductive cycle, spawning, relative weight of flesh, and onset of sexual maturity of the murex shell, Ceratostoma rorifluum, collected from the rocky intertidal zone of Daehang-ri, Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea were investigated monthly from January to December 2005 both cytologically and histologically. The gonads were widely placed on the digestive gland located in the posterior spiral fleshy part in the shell. C. rorifluum had separate sexes, and was an internal fertilizer. The sex ratio of females to males was approximately 1:1. The ovary and testis contained a great number of oogenic follicles and spermatogenic tubules, respectively. The oogonia and fully ripe oocytes were $15-19{\mu}m$ and $150-160{\mu}m$ in diameter, respectively, and the cytoplasm of the ripe oocytes contained a number of yolk granules. The relative weight of flesh reached a maximum in August($39.35{\pm}0.40%$), and then decreased rapidly in November($32.75{\pm}1.20%$). The percentages of female and male snails at first sexual maturity with shell heights ranging from 12.1-14.0 mm were 60.0% and 52.9%, respectively, while 100% of the snails of both sexes with shell heights over 18.1 mm were reproductively active. Based on the gonadal development and histological observations, the reproductive cycle of the snail could be categorized into five successive stages: early active(December to May), late active(March to July), ripe(June to September), spawning(July to October), and recovery(October to March). C. rorifluum spawned once a year between July and October, and the majority of spawning occurred in September when the seawater temperature exceeded $23.5^{\circ}C$.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Gonadosomatic index, reproductive cycle, spermatogenesis and first sexual maturity of Chlamys farreri were investigated by cytological and histological observations, from January 1998 to December 1999. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) rapidly increased in April and reached a maximum in May when seawater temperature rapidly increase. Then the GSI gradually decreased from June to August when spawning occur. Accordingly, monthly changes in the GSI in males coincide with the reproductive cycle. The spermatozoon of Chlamys farreri is the primitive type found in external fertilization species. The head of the spermatozoon is approximately $2.75{\mu}m$ in length including the acrosome measuring about $0.50{\mu}m$ in length, and its tail was approximately $20{\mu}m$, the axoneme of the tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. Five spherical mitochondria around the centriole (the satellite body) appear in the middle piece of the sperm. The spawning period was from June to August and the main spawning occurs from July to August when seawater temperatures are greater than $20^{\circ}C$ The reproductive cycle of this species can be categorized into five successive stages; early active stage (January to March), late active stage (March to April), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (June to August), and spent/inactive stage (August to January). Over 50% of male scallops attained first sexual maturity between 50.0 and 60.0 mm in shell height, and 100% of those over 60.0 mm in shell height achieved maturity. Accordingly, we assume that male individuals begin reproduction at three years of age.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2023

Pacific yellowtail emperor, Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale, 1910, is one of the most targeted reef fish species in Southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Therefore, assessing its stock is important to understand the condition of the population, providing valuable inputs for sustainable fisheries management in the area. Here we assess the stock condition of L. atkinsoni in Southern Sulawesi, Indonesia, using the length-based spawning potential ratio model. A total of 4,887 individuals were collected from commercially small-scale fishers from January to October 2022. The total length, sex, and gonad maturity of the individuals were examined. We observed that the fish length ranged from 10.5 to 39.5 cm, with an average length of 23.3 cm. The sex ratio was equal (1:1.2) between male and female individuals. Length at first maturity and length at first capture were 23.4 and 19.6 cm, respectively. In addition, we observed a growth coefficient of 0.45/year, with an asymptotic length of 41.14 cm and natural mortality of 0.6/year. Based on these life history parameters, we observed the spawning potential ratio (SPR) value of 12%, indicating an unsustainable fishery level (SPR of < 30%). Further concerns related to the sustainability of the species and strategy to rebuild stock of the L. atkinsoni in Southern Sulawesi are of utmost importance.

• 환경생물
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.229-246
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• 2023

본 연구는 낙동강 지류인 고령 회천 유역의 납자루아과어류 3종(줄납자루, 낙동납자루, 각시붕어)을 대상으로 숙주조개 종에 대한 산란양상을 조사하고 재첩 내 산란한 종을 식별하였다. 현장에서 채집된 총 200개 조개 중 납자루아과 어류 산란율은 말조개(45.2%)와 작은대칭이(45.5%)가 유사하였으나, 재첩은 12.1%로 낮게 나타났다. 재첩을 산란조개로 이용한 납자루아과 어류는 줄납자루와 낙동납자루로 확인되었다. 말조개에서는 납자루아과 3종 모두 산란이 확인되었으며 작은대칭이에선 줄납자루만 산란이 확인되었다. 기존 문헌에 의하면, 재첩은 말조개류보다 크기가 작고 아가미 구조가 달라 납자루아과 어류의 난 및 치어가 생존에 불리하다고 보고된 바 있다. 이러한 연구 결과들을 토대로 재첩과는 산란숙주조개로서 이용될 가능성이 없는 것으로 알려졌지만 재첩 내 납자루아과 어류 산란이 최근 중국에서 보고된 바 있고, 본 연구를 통해 재첩내 납자루아과 산란이 국내 최초로 확인되었다. 이는 재첩이 납자루아과의 산란숙주조개로 이용되었다는 것을 의미 하지만, 산란 후 발생과정을 거쳐 유영능력을 획득하여 조개 밖으로 이동해 독립된 생활사를 지속하는지에 대한 여부는 추후 확인이 필요하다. 재첩 내 산란이 산란초기에 나타나는 현상이거나 높은 경쟁관계와 같은 생물학적 환경요인에 의한 현상일수도 있는점을 고려해 추후 5, 6월 시기에 조사가 필요하다. 또한 낙동강수계의 다른 하천을 대상으로 추가적인 연구를 수행하여 납자루아과 어류의 재첩에 대한 산란양상 파악을 보다 면밀히 구명할 필요가 있다. 말조개 33개체 중 19개체(57.6%)에서 납자루아과 어류 2종 이상의 난이 관찰되었고, 이러한 결과는 산란장을 차지하기 위한 납자루아과 어류 종간경쟁의 강도가 매우 높다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 낙동강에 서식하는 납자루아과 담수어류의 산란양상을 보다 정확히 규명하고 이들 자연개체군의 효과적인 유지, 관리 및 보전 방안 마련을 위한 생태, 유전적 기초 데이터를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2016년도 추계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.167-170
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• 2016

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2007

Spermatogenesis, the reproductive cycle, and the size at first sexual maturity in male Mactra chinensis were investigated by cytological and histological observations. The spermatozoon exhibits a primitive type morphology and is similar to those of other bivalves in that it contains a short midpiece with four mitochondria surrounding the centrioles. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome shape of this species are cylindrical and modified cap-like, respectively. The spermatozoon is approximately $40-45\;{\mu}m$ in length including the sperm nucleus (about $1.46\;{\mu}m$), acrosome (about $1.20\;{\mu}m$) and tail flagellum. The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. The spawning period of this species lasts from June to September, and the main spawning occurs in July and August, when the seawater temperature is greater than $20^{\circ}C$. The percentage of individual male clams at first sexual maturity was 56.5% for those whose shell lengths were 35.1-40.0 mm, and 100% for over 45.1 mm. Accordingly, harvesting clams <35.1 mm in shell length could potentially cause a drastic reduction in recruitment, and a measure indicating a prohibitory fishing size should be taken for adequate fisheries management.