• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2021

Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction is currently performed in an attempt to seek smaller and indistinct incisions. Robotic surgery system has been evolving under the concept of minimal invasive technique which is a recent trend in surgery. One of the latest version is the da Vinci SP Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical). In this report, we will share our experiences. Two patients underwent robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy, each followed by immediate robot-assisted expander insertion and prepectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction, respectively. There was no open conversion or major postoperative complication. One patient experienced mild infection, which was resolved by intravenous antibiotic treatment. Simple docking process, multi-joint instruments, and thirdarm functionality are among the new surgical system's advantages. The present cases suggest that robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction using the da Vinci SP Surgical System is feasible and safe. The promising features and potential application of da Vinci SP in breast reconstruction need further study.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.226-240
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• 2020

This paper presents an experimental investigation of asymmetric impact effects on hydroelastic responses. A 1:64 scaled segmented ship model with U-shape open cross-section backbone was newly designed to meet elastic similarity conditions of vertical, horizontal and torsional stiffness simultaneously. Different wave heading angles and wavelengths were adopted in regular wave test. In head wave condition, parametric rolling phenomena happened along with asymmetric slamming forces, the relationship between them was disclosed at first time. The impact forces on starboard and port sides showed alternating asymmetric periodic changes. In oblique wave condition, nonlinear springing and whipping responses were found. Since slamming phenomena occurred, high-frequency bending moments became an important part in total bending moments and whipping responses were found in small wavelength. The wavelength and head angle are varied to elucidate the relationship of springing/whipping loads and asymmetric impact. The distributions of peaks of horizontal and torsional loads show highly asymmetric property.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2023

Maritime transport is dominant in the overall volume of all international transportation. Existence and overcoming of problems, which cause pressure on shipping safety, remain actual and fully concern both maritime and inland transport. Increasing speed and cargo capacity of the ships along with the reduction of crew members lead to the automation of a growing number of work processes, which indicates the need to actively introduce appropriate measures in the security system of sea-going ships and commercial ports and to develop modern approaches to minimize negative events and incidents in the process of ship operation. Advantages in use of modern methods of monitoring the safety of ship operations, management of possible events and incidents, including investigation of accidents, first, aimed at prevention of negative occurrences and ways of prevention on this basis. Considering statistics on incidents increase, this work presents analysis of general ship accident rate, study of major accidental events growth annually, and investigation of causes of incidents, which most frequently occur in port waters and at open sea. A survey of current approaches to ensuring the safety of shipping by implementing effective tools, such as event and incident management, has been conducted.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.691-697
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• 2009

Hardware dedicated off-the-shelf maritime differential GPS RSIM lacks the open architecture to meet all the minimum maritime user requirements and to include future GNSS improvements after recapitalization. This paper carries out a study to replace existing hardware dedicated differential GPS RSIM with software differential GPS RSIM in order to make up the weak point of hardware dedicated off-the-shelf maritime differential GPS RSIM. In this paper, the architecture of software RSIM is proposed for maritime DGPS recapitalization. And the feasibility analysis of the proposed software differential GPS RSIM is performed as the first phase to realize the proposed architecture. For the feasibility analysis, the prototype RF module and DSP module are implemented with properties as wide RF bandwidth, high sampling frequency, and high speed transmission interface. This paper shows that the proposed architecture has the possibility of real time operation of software RSIM functionality onto the PC-based platform through the analysis of computation time. Finally, this paper verifies that the L1/L2 dual frequency software differential RSIM designed according to the proposed method satisfies the performance specifications set out in RTCM paper 221-2006-SC104-STD.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.559-569
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• 2012

In this paper, the X($1{\times}2$, 10.525 GHz) and K($3{\times}6$, 24.15 GHz) bands patch array antenna having single feed line for radar detector applications is proposed. The left side of the proposed array antenna is X band array antenna and the right is K band array antenna. Two array antennas with two stubs located in the front of antennas are fed through one transmission line. If the array antennas which have the different resonance frequency are fed by one transmission line using general T-junction, it interferes each other and the array antenna lost its character. Therefore, to prevent these interferences, two stubs using open and short property of stub are designed. First of all, the performances of array antenna weren't changed when each array antennas were connected with the stub and in the end, it is found out that it was the same when the two array antennas were combined and feed through the one transmission line. The measured gain at X band is 6.47 dBi and measured gain at K band is 13.07 dBi. The experimental results agree well with the simulated ones.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.76-85
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• 2011

This research explores the Korean perspective on parks and the beginning of urban parks in the port opening period. The purpose of the study is to understand how Koreans viewed and accepted the idea of a park as imported from western culture and with what attitudes. Analyzed sources included: "Susinsa's Record"(修信使記錄) by Susinsa(修信使) who wrote the inspection records of foreign modern cultures for the first time after the port opening, "Seoyukyunmun"(西遊見聞) by Yu Kil-jun(兪吉濬) and "Yun Chi-ho's Diary"(尹致昊日記) by Yun Chi-ho(尹致昊), which are representative works by students sent abroad, as well as some records of Seo Jae-pil(徐載弼) and The Independence Club(獨立協會) such as "The Independent"(獨立新聞), which contains the records of 'IndependencePark'. This research is focused on the literature that reexamins and interprets the related data from primary sources. As a result, it was found that the people who led the modern reformation in the Port Opening period adopted and developed social thinking regarding parks. Indeed, it was possible to witness the gradual sophistication of the concept of a park from the time of Susina's thoughts on parks to that of Yu Kil-jun's support for the need and importance of parks and Yun Chi-ho's cultural and artistic interest in parks. Also, Seo Jae-pil and the Independence Club drove the development of Independence Park, which was designed to incorporate social values and symbols while also serving to meet the needs of recreation, leisure, hygiene, and enlightenment. The Independence Club consistently advocated for the necessity of open spaces and delivered this message to the public via article writing. In short, even prior to the Japanese colonial period, Koreans shared thoughts and exchanged opinions on parks. Parks were to be created not just as a copy or transplant of western parks, but were constructed based on social demands and necessity. As few studies have taken the approach of identifying this origin of Korean parks, thus, this research which traces back the origin of Korean parks, is significant.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.37-42
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study for the emission gas control of passenger car. The first example, the PCSV never open when operating condition, but it opened by causing malfunction because of trouble. As a result, the purge gas entered into surge tank, a mount of fuel was displayed with excessive supply on tester. Therefore, it certified the bad-condition of the engine when idling by decreasing of fuel injection quantity from engine ECU. The second example, the hose activating a EGR valve didn't supply the vacuum pressure because of assembling the other part. Thus, it knew the bad-condition of engine that the EGR valve would not work normally by leaking with the other port. The third example, as the rear oxygen sensor of two sensor were fault-installing by changing the sensor of other a car it could not detect of oxygen quantity. Finally, it found the phenomenon of abruptly decreasing vehicle speed when braking a car. Therefore, the system including with emission control has to drastically manage by maximizing condition to role decreasing the emission gas.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.133-137
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• 2018

Arduino is a small microcomputer that is used in a variety of industry fields and especially is widely used as an open source hardware IoT device. The multi-tasking method of Arduino is divided into super loop timing and RTOS thread method. The super loop timing method is simple and easy to understand. However, when one task is long, it affects the execution of the next task. In addition, RTOS threading has the advantage of being able to run without being influenced by other work time. However, Arduino, a small microcomputer, has a disadvantage in that, when the number of threads increases, the context switching time of the thread causes additional time not included in the super loop timing method have. In this paper, we use Arduino Uno R3 and FreeRTOS to analyze these different features, and the task for the experiment is to send 8000 digital signals to the built-in LED port. If two tasks of the same size are executed, the super loop method executes 3 ms faster than FreeRTOS multitasking. If multiple tasks are executed simultaneously, superloop type task is sequential execution and difference in execution time between first task and last task is large. FreeRTOS method can be executed concurrently, but execution time delay of about 30 ms occurs in context switching time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.931-941
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• 2020

There is a growing interest this paper for ocean sensing where autonomous vehicles can play an essential role in assisting engineers, researchers, and scientists with environmental monitoring and collecting oceanographic data. This study was conducted to develop a rigid sail for the autonomous sailing drone. Our study aims to numerically analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of curvy twin sail and compare it with wing sail. Because racing regulations limit the sail shape, only the two-dimensional geometry (2D) was open for an optimization. Therefore, the first objective was to identify the aerodynamic performance of such curvy twin sails. The secondary objective was to estimate the effect of the sail's spacing and shapes. A viscous Navier-Stokes flow solver was used for the numerical aerodynamic analysis. The 2D aerodynamic investigation is a preliminary evaluation. The results indicated that the curvy twin sail designs have improved lift, drag, and driving force coefficient compared to the wing sails. The spacing between the port and starboard sails of curvy twin sail was an important parameter. The spacing is 0.035 L, 0.07 L, and 0.14 L shows the lift coefficient reduction because of dramatically stall effect, while flow separation is improved with spacing is 0.21 L, 0.28 L, and 0.35 L. Significantly, the spacing 0.28 L shows the maximum high pressure at the lower area and the small low pressure area at leading edges. Therefore, the highest lift was generated.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-103
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• 2013

National demands for the ocean forecasting system have been increased to support economic activity and national safety including search and rescue, maritime defense, fisheries, port management, leisure activities and marine transportation. Further, the ocean forecasting has been regarded as one of the key components to improve the weather and climate forecasting. Due to the national demands as well as improvement of the technology, the ocean forecasting systems have been established among advanced countries since late 1990. Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) significantly contributed to the achievement and world-wide spreading of ocean forecasting systems. Four stages of GODAE were summarized. Goal, vision, development history and research on ocean forecasting system of the advanced countries such as USA, France, UK, Italy, Norway, Australia, Japan, China, who operationally use the systems, were examined and compared. Strategies of the successfully established ocean forecasting systems can be summarized as follows: First, concentration of the national ability is required to establish successful operational ocean forecasting system. Second, newly developed technologies were shared with other countries and they achieved mutual and cooperative development through the international program. Third, each participating organization has devoted to its own task according to its role. In Korean society, demands on the ocean forecasting system have been also extended. Present status on development of the ocean forecasting system and long-term plan of KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration), KHOA (Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration), NFRDI (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute), ADD (Agency for Defense Development) were surveyed. From the history of the pre-established systems in other countries, the cooperation among the relevant Korean organizations is essential to establish the accurate and successful ocean forecasting system, and they can form a consortium. Through the cooperation, we can (1) set up high-quality ocean forecasting models and systems, (2) efficiently invest and distribute financial resources without duplicate investment, (3) overcome lack of manpower for the development. At present stage, it is strongly requested to concentrate national resources on developing a large-scale operational Korea Ocean Forecasting System which can produce open boundary and initial conditions for local ocean and climate forecasting models. Once the system is established, each organization can modify the system for its own specialized purpose. In addition, we can contribute to the international ocean prediction community.