Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2020.26.7.931

Shape and Spacing Effects on Curvy Twin Sail for Autonomous Sailing Drone  

Pham, Minh-Ngoc (Graduate School of Mokpo National Maritime University)
Kim, Bu-Gi (Division of Marine Mechatronics, Mokpo National Maritime University)
Yang, Changjo (Division of Marine Engineering System, Mokpo National Maritime University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety / v.26, no.7, 2020 , pp. 931-941 More about this Journal
Abstract
There is a growing interest this paper for ocean sensing where autonomous vehicles can play an essential role in assisting engineers, researchers, and scientists with environmental monitoring and collecting oceanographic data. This study was conducted to develop a rigid sail for the autonomous sailing drone. Our study aims to numerically analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of curvy twin sail and compare it with wing sail. Because racing regulations limit the sail shape, only the two-dimensional geometry (2D) was open for an optimization. Therefore, the first objective was to identify the aerodynamic performance of such curvy twin sails. The secondary objective was to estimate the effect of the sail's spacing and shapes. A viscous Navier-Stokes flow solver was used for the numerical aerodynamic analysis. The 2D aerodynamic investigation is a preliminary evaluation. The results indicated that the curvy twin sail designs have improved lift, drag, and driving force coefficient compared to the wing sails. The spacing between the port and starboard sails of curvy twin sail was an important parameter. The spacing is 0.035 L, 0.07 L, and 0.14 L shows the lift coefficient reduction because of dramatically stall effect, while flow separation is improved with spacing is 0.21 L, 0.28 L, and 0.35 L. Significantly, the spacing 0.28 L shows the maximum high pressure at the lower area and the small low pressure area at leading edges. Therefore, the highest lift was generated.
Keywords
Sailing Drone; Curvy Twin Sail; Driving Force Coefficient; Apparent Wind; Angle of Attack;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Alves, J. C., B. M. Thomas, M. Neal and C. Sauze(2008), Technologies for Autonomous Sailing, Aberystwyth University, UK.
2 Borglund, D. and J. Kuttenkeuler(2002), Active Wing Flutter Suppression Using a Trailing Edge Flap. J. Fluids Struct., Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 271-294.   DOI
3 Braun, J. B.(2008), High Fidelity CFD Simulations in Racing Yacht Aerodynamic Analysis, in the proceedings of the 3rd High Performance Yacht Design Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, December 2nd-4th, pp. 168-175.
4 Carr, L. W. and K. W. McAlister(1983), The effect of a leading-edge slat on the dynamic stall of an oscillating airfoil, AIAA, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2533.   DOI
5 Claughton, A. R. and I. M. C. Campbell(1994), Wind Tunnel Testing of Sailing Rigs, in the proceedings of the International HISWA Symposium on Yacht Design and Yacht Construction, Amsterdam, November 14th-15th, pp. 89-106.
6 Daniel, W. A.(1996), The CFD Assisted Design and Experimental Testing of a Wingsail with High Lift Devices, University of Salford, UK.
7 Eggert, C. A. and C. L. Rumsey(2017), CFD Study of NACA 0018 Airfoil with Flow Control, NACA/TM-2017-219602.
8 Elkaim, G. H.(2001), System identification for precision control of wing-sailed GPS-guided catamaran, Stanford University.
9 Elkaim, G. H.(2007), Experimental aerodynamic performance of self-trimming wing-sail for autonomous surface vehicles.
10 Fish, F. E. and J. M. Battle(1995), Hydrodynamic design of the humpback whale flipper, J. Morphol., Vol. 225, No. 1, pp. 51-60.   DOI
11 Gentry, A. E.(1988), The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Sails, in proceedings of the Symposium on Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement for Marine Applications, Newport, Rhode Island, USA.
12 Graf, K., C. Bohem, and H. Ranzsch(2009), CFD- and VPP-Challenges in the Design of the New AC90 America's Cup Yacht, in the proceedings of the 19th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium, Annapolis, USA, March 20th-21st, pp. 1-17.
13 Hassan, G. E., A. Hassan, and M. E. Youssef(2014), Numerical Investigation of Medium Range Reynold Number Aerodynamics Characteristics for NACA0018 Airfoil, CFD letter, Vol. 6(4), 175-187.
14 Jenkins, R., C. Meinig, N. Lawrence-Slavas, and H. M. Tabisola(2015), The Use of Sail-drones to Examine Spring Conditions in the Bering Sea: Vehicle Specification and Mission Performance, OCEANS 2015 - MTS/IEEE Washington. Retrieved 01 17, 2017.
15 Hedges, K. L.(1993), Computer Modelling of Downwind Sails, ME Thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
16 Hedges, K. L., P. J. Richards, and G. D. Mallison(1996), Computer Modeling of Downwind Sails, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 63, No. 1-3, pp. 95-110.   DOI
17 Hutchins, N.(2008), The Use of Ansys CFX in America's Cup Yacht Design, in the proceedings of the 3rd High Performance Yacht Design Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, December 2nd-4th, pp. 185-192.
18 Kuttenkeuler, J. and R. Mikael(2017), Design of free-rotating wing sail for autonomous sailboat, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
19 Fallow, J. B.(1996), America's Cup Sail Design, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 63, No. 1-3, pp. 183-192.   DOI
20 Milgram, J. H.(1968), The Aerodynamics of Sails, In the proceedings of the 7th Symposium of Naval Hydrodynamic, pp. 1397-1434.
21 Neal, M. and C. Saauze(2008), Design considerations for sailing robots performing long-term autonomous oceanography, Austrian Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2, pp. 4-10.
22 Seifert, A., T. Bachar, D. Koss, M. Shepshelovich, and I. Wygnanski(1993), Oscillatory Blowing: A Tool to Delay Boundary-Layer Separation, AIAA J., Vol. 31, No. 11, pp. 2052-2060.   DOI
23 Li, Q., Y. Nihei, T. Nakashima, and Y. Iked(2015), A study on the performance of cascade hard sails and sail-equipped vessels, Ocean Eng., Vol. 98, pp. 23-31.   DOI