• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 2021

This study aimed to analyze the preoperative factors of immature first molars treated with vital pulp therapy and to find out their correlation in pediatric patients. From May 2014 to January 2020, 523 patients and 1,242 immature first molars were investigated. Factors including age, sex, tooth location, Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), caries cavity location, and history of previous restoration were evaluated. As a result of the study, the vital pulp therapy group had 5.56 times more MIH, 3.39 times more mesial cavities, and 8.73 times more distal cavities. In order to avoid vital pulp therapy in immature first molar, early diagnosis and active management of MIH and preventive treatment of mesial and distal caries are necessary after its immediate eruption.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 1983

It is well known that smoking habit is hazardous to health, especially for juvenile. The present study on smoking behavior of high school students in Seoul has two major objectives. The first objective is to find out the smoking behavior of high school students in Seoul. Toward this objective, individual's smoking experience has been examined as ever smoking and never smoking. The second objective is to determine the variables associated with their smoking behavior at the individual, family and school environment levels. For the data collection, the survey was carried out for the four high schools in Seoul from September 15 through October 15, 1982. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. Smoking behavior of the students 1) Out of 1,278 respondents, 30.2% of them were found to be current smokers and 29.3% of them were former smokers. This implies that around 60% of school students in Seoul have experienced smoking. 2) A significant differences in the current smoking rates between two types of the school students were shown as 19.3% for day-time school and 42% for night-time school. 3) In terms of the current smoking behavior, the students who don't live with parents were higher in smoking rate than those of the living with parents. 2. Attitudes and knowledge about smoking 1) Attitudes of students toward smoking in high school days were shown that around 17% of them agreed with it and around 64% of them disagreed with it. 2) Around 99% of the respondents answered that their smoking is harmful for health. A source of the information about negative effects of smoking on health was 'Radio and TV' (23.9%) as the most influential, 'school teacher' (20.9%), 'Newspaper' (18.2%) and so on. 3. Behavioral analysis for the current smokers 1) The factors affected for motivation in the first smoking were 'curiosity' (59.7%), 'temptation of friend' (19.7%), 'resistance feeling, (7.1%), 'merely interest and pleasure' (6%) respectively. 2) The time of the first smoking was 'third grade of Junior-high school' (31.5%) as highest, 'first grade of Senior-high school' (23.7%) and 'second grade of Junior-high school' (14.7%). 3) An average daily number of cigarettes consuming of current smokers was seven cigarettes. 4. Family and school-mates influences on individual's smoking behavior 1) The data revealed a significant relationship between student's smoking and their parent's smoking behavior. Around 75% of the students whom both parents are smoking have experienced cigarette smoking. It was found that the individual's smoking behavior was influenced by his sibling. Around 65% of the students whom brothers are smoking have experienced cigarette smoking. 2) The 'Smoking-Index' of friendship network or a group explained individual's smoking behavior in the group. The result of dyad analysis of smoking behavior in the friendship network showed that a high score of 'Smoking-Index' tended to be explained an adoption of smoking behavior at the individual level in the group. on the other hand, a low score of 'Smoking-Index' explained non-smoking behavior in the group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4697-4703
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• 2014

Background: Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a multifunctional cytokine which plays a key role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as in cancer. Genetic polymorphisms of IL-16 have been implicated in susceptibility to cancer. However, associations remain inconclusive. The present meta-analysis was therefore carried out to establish a more conclusive association of IL-16 polymorphisms with cancer risk. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies were searched through the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Wan fang electronic databases updated in October 2013. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess the association between IL-16 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Results: Eight eligible studies (rs4778889 T/C: 8, rs11556218 T/G: 7, rs4072111 C/T: 6) that met our selection criteria were included. The meta-analysis indicated that rs11556218 T/G was associated with a significant increased risk of cancer (G vs. T, OR=1.321, 95% CI=1.142-1.528, P<0.001; TG vs. TT, OR=1.665, 95% CI=1.448-1.915, P<0.001; GG+TG vs. TT, OR=1.622, 95% CI=1.416-1.858, P<0.001),as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and colorectal cancer. Furthermore, in the subgroup of Chinese, significant associations were found between rs11556218 polymorphism and cancer risk. There was no statistically significant association between the other two variants (rs4778889, rs4072111) and risk of cancer. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the IL-16 rs11556218 polymorphism is associated with increased cancer risk. Large well-designed studies involving various cancer types and different populations are now needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.161-166
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• 2004

Research for deposits in Nakdong eatuary that research about Nakdong eatuary's sediment flows out in Nakdong-kang so far had been progressed but research about deposits that is flowed in open sea is insufficient. Observed Nakdong eatuary's characteristic of sediment transfer through observation during the second during Buteo 20 days on February 6, 2004 in this research Resuspension bed load Flux appeared high the first result St.4 point and St.5 point. St.4 branch had much bed load amount that is flowed in the east, and bed load that St.5 branch is flowed in the south appeared much Tendency such as the first showed in the second result, but compare with the first result and St.5 branch had much bed load that is transfer in end. Bed load that is transfer in observation result Nakdong river was less. As this, can know that amount of sediment that is transfer in open sea more than deposits that is transfer in Nakdong river is much Is expected to exert effect that deposits that is transfer in open sea is high in Nakdong estuary's topography change. Specially, observation result is expected that Nakdong estuary's deposition tendency becomes Jinwoodo southern and Shinho southern.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1993

The research was carried out by posing a questionnaire, making middle and high schoolstudents 549 in Taehu an object of this research, in order to grasp the residential outlook of juveniles.1. The first order of reason why they have resided in present their houses was by a school group and their parents' choice and work place and second order of reason was by their parents' choice, life convenience in present house add traffice convenience And there was littledifference in the first and second residential reasons according to sew.2. In compareson with past and present house type, past and present house type shewed same tendency and future wanted house type was separate house absolutely.3. Points to be considered in selectong future were in the order of facilities, traffice,, surrounding, educational, social and economical circumstances. There was little difference in almost items to be considered in choosing accordant to sew. But in case of schoolgirls, they consisered more items in selecting houses than in schoolboys.4. As a result of researching ideal house of juvenile, happy family was most Preferred and the desire to possess house was expressed strongly.5. The first value on house was health of family, the stability, the stabi]ity and the residential convenience. And schoolboys attacged more importance to the gealth of family, ghe stability and the education fer children than in case of school-girls but on the other hand school girls attached more importance to economical value house and happy and harmonious family.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of repetitive horticultural activities on the dexterity and out of seat behaviors of 5 years old children. Horticultural activities were conducted from March 3 to April 21, 2017, once a week for 20 minutes per session, a total of 8 sessions. The program was divided into first half (Sessions 1-4) and second half (Sessions 5-8) and horticultural activities were repeatedly carried out. In Sessions 1 and 5, kindergarteners transplanted succulent plants into pots, and observed and managed the plants daily. From Session 2 to 4 and from Session 6 to 8, kindergarteners watered and observed the succulent plants planted in Sessions 1 and 5 and they put flowers on a floral foam (10 × 10 × 10 cm). This study conducted the O'Connor Tweezer Dexterity Test in which the number of pins subjects inserted for 30 seconds was counted, and there was a significant difference (p =.000) in the dexterity of the kindergarteners after performing horticultural activities in the result of the repeated measures design ANOVA. The time kindergarteners left their seat for the first time while participating in horticultural activities for 20 minutes was measured using a stopwatch in each session. There was a significant difference (p =.000) in the ANOVA test in changes in their out of seat behavior in Session 8. In addition, there was no significant difference in the dexterity and out of seat behavior of kindergarteners from Session 2 (p =.364, p =.975, respectively) to Session 3 (p =.055, p =.283), but there was a significant difference from Session 4 (p =.042, p =.009) to Session 8 (p =.000, p =.000) as sessions were repeated.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.382-393
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• 2000

The principal indicators contributing to water qualities was screened by factor analyses, based on the monitored chemical parameters of water quality for various water resources from 1995 to 1999 in the small agricultural catchments of the Han River Basin. Water samples of streams, groundwaters, and reservoirs were taken four times a year from upper (Daegwanryong), middle (Dunnae and Chunchon) and lower (Guri) reaches of Han River Basin. In these areas, the respective type of farming practiced was alpine agriculture and livestocks raising, typical upland and paddy cultivation, and intensive cropping in the plastic film house. Water quality was monitored for twenty-one water quality parameters, including pH, EC, SS, T-N, T-P, COD, cations, anions, and heavy metals. pH, EC and COD of the stream waters were suitable for the Korea irrigation water quality guidelines. However, T-N and T-P concentrations of water samples in four catchments far exceeded the irrigation water guideline. Concentrations of canons and heavy metals in Wangsuk stream in Guri area were higher than those in streams in other areas. Factor analysis revealed that significant correlation was observed for 81 pairs out of 231 water quality indicators of stream water among the $21\;{\times}\;21$ cross correlation matrix of stream water quality indicators. The first factor accounted for 27.01% of the total variation in stream water quality indicators, and high positive factor loadings were shown on EC, K, Na, $NH_4\;^+-N$, $PO_4\;^{3-}$, $SO_4\;^{2-}$, and COD. Fifty-three water quality indicator pairs were significant out of 190 ground water quality parameters. The first factor accounted for 28.54% of the total variation in ground water quality indicators, and high loadings were revealed on EC, Ca, Mg, K, Na, $NH_4\;^+-N$, and $SO_4$. Twenty-nine pairs of reservoir water quality indicators were significant out of 66 pairs. The first factor accounted for 37.06% of the total variation in reservoir water quality indicators, and high loadings were shown on EC, Mg, K, Na, SS, T-P, Cl, and COD. These results demonstrate that EC was the first factor contributing to water quality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.6
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• pp.17-29
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• 1999

In this paper, the prioritized queueing handoff scheme in CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) cellular system is proposed. Also, the analytical survey for the proposed scheme is carried out, and the performance of this scheme is compared with that of non prioritized scheme and FIFO (First In First Out) queue scheme by computer simulation. The handoff region is defined as the time between the handoff treshold and the receiver threshold, and it is used for the maximum queue waiting time in the proposed scheme. The handoff and the receiver thresholds are defined as rewpectively: 1) the time that the Pilot Strength Measurement Message in the neighbor in the neighbor cell is received to the BS (Base Station) under the T_ADD threshold; and 2) the time that the T_DROP timer is expired and the Pilot Strength Measurement Message in the current cell is received to the BS under the T_DROP threshold. The performance metrics for analyzing the proposed scheme are : 1) probability of forced termination; 2) probability of call blocking; 3) ratio of carried traffic to total offered load; 4) average queue size; 5) average handoff delay time in queue. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme maintains high performance for handoff requests at a small penalty in total system capacity.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.287-296
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• 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data are playing important roles in improving or upgrading energy efficiency. Furthermore, their roles in energy efficiency are expected to become more and more essential. This study conducted a bibliometric comparative analysis on the features in the articles on the AI, the IoT, and the Big Data in energy efficiency by using the Web of Science database and compared the features in their trends in article publications, citations, countries, research areas, journals, and funding agencies from 2012 to 2022. This study attempted to make significant contributions by shedding new light on the following features. Among the AI, the IoT, and the Big Data in energy efficiency, the most articles were published and the most article citations were received in the AI in energy efficiency. China was found out to be the most leading country. Engineering and computer science were revealed to be the first research area. IEEE Access and IEEE Internet of Things were ranked with first journal. National Natural Science Foundation of China was the first research funding agency concerning the articles published in the AI, the IoT, and the Big Data in energy efficiency from 2012 to 2022.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.417-438
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• 2012

This study is carried out to investigate the printing culture in current Chollanamdo province. Searching the publication in Naju during the Chosun dynasty, 89 titles were found, where publication had begun from early Koryo dynasty. Active Publication was initiated from the era of King Jungjong and many books were published in 16th and 19th centuries. Many Confucian books were published dominantly in the first half of the Chosun dynasty, and collective literature and genealogical records in the later half. In the first half of the dynasty, most of books were published by the order of a king, the officer of province, or an individual, and, in the later half, increasingly collective literature and genealogical records were published by an individual or a family. Also woodblocks were used in the first half of the dynasty, wooden types in the later half.