• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2009

The Korean online gaming industry has seen rapid growth since the boom of information technology (IT) related industries, especially Internet and PC-bang or local area network (LAN) use, throughout the country. Online games are real-time games in which two or more players meet, compete, and cooperate in the same game space using the same communication network. Even though the growth rates of IT-related industries have recently slowed, the growth of the online gaming industry has increased, and Korean firms are expanding their businesses to countries all over the world. However, the online gaming industry is becoming an oligopoly, in which 4-5 leading companies occupy most online gaming markets. This situation presents a disadvantage to the Korean online gaming industry, since online players usually seek a diversity of online gaming contents and high quality online game services. Therefore, small- and medium-sized game developers must survive in this market by upgrading the quality of their online gaming services in an effort to provide differentiated goods and services in monopolistic competition markets. However, most venture companies in the online game industry, whether new or previously existing, are not able to obtain adequate financing. The objective of this paper is to examine the management environment for medium- and small-sized game developers in the Korean online gaming industry. By introducing the case of Grigon Entertainment, we try to identify the source of difficulty obtaining external financing for Korean venture firms in the online gaming industry.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2002

This paper examines the effect of the producer-supplier quality contract parameters and the magnitude of the quality related variables on the quality of the final products. Our analysis focuses on the parties' equilibrium behavior In a quality game environment where the supplier should choose among the two production technologies, one requiring high cost but producing high quality Parts and the other requiring low cost but producing low quality parts and where the producer should decide whether to do the inspection of the parts. The game framework is employed to depict the potential conflicts existing between the Producer and the supplier because the Producer can not observe the supplier's choice and each party wants the other to bear the cost of producing high quality products. In our model, we specifically consider the competitive situation where the producer competes with a firm producing the same product. We employ the market share attraction model to Incorporate the competitive situation and completely characterize the equilibrium by using the Nash equilibrium concept for the game solution. Our results show that the equilibrium depends on the contract terms and the magnitude of the quality related variables. Compared to the non-competitive situation, the probability of producer's Inspection and the probability of supplier's choosing the high quality technology increases in a competitive situation. This is true even when the competitor's quality is lower than the producer's lowest. As a result, the quality of the final product increases In a competitive situation. And as the failure cost borne by the supplier increases, the probability of choosing the high quality technology Increases and the probability of inspection decreases. The net effect of this results in the decrease of the final product quality.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes, including the complications, of open reduction and internal fixation using a headless cannulated compression screw for a fifth metatarsal base fracture. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated 11 patients with 5th metatarsal base fracture who were treated with a headless cannulated compression screw. The mean follow-up period was 13 months (8~15 months), and the mean age was 46.5 years (21~70 years). We analyzed the patients' sex, age, time to union, amount of fracture displacement, and complications. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score was used for clinical assessment. Results: The average amount of displacement decreased significantly from 3.4 mm (2.1~5.2 mm), preoperatively, to 0.4 mm (0~1.3 mm), postoperatively (p<0.001). The average bone union time was 54.1 days (41~68 days). There were no complications, such as a metal failure, irritation, and loss of a reduction. The mean AOFAS midfoot score was 97.7 (90~100) at 6 months, postoperatively. Conclusion: We suggest that a headless cannulated compression screw for 5th metatarsal base fracture is a useful and alternative method for a firm fixation without complications.

• Information Systems Review
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.19-40
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• 2002

Many firms have had a passion for IT investment for years. Despite such a continuing investment in IT, the application of newer technologies to business work doesn't guarantee a great success. Some IT projects were doomed to failure or ineffectiveness. What could we do to lead IT project to the territory of effectiveness? One plausible and inevitable avenue is enterprise architecture (EA), which requires one to first come up with a simplified view of the complex entity to be designed and then proceed to design and develop it as directed by the architecture. Though there have been more materials on such EA work and real cases, there still exist a doubt about why EA is needed and how a firm can introduce it. This article first presents a structured understanding about EA and then describes the necessity, and the introducing ways of EA.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2013

The main characteristic of technology commercialization by technology-intensive SMEs is that its success is highly uncertain due to the low maturities of their technology and market. Therefore, in order to find out more effective policy, it is essential to understand the technology commercialization in terms of the institutional support system including innovation policy, rather than an individual firm's strategy. Focusing on the Daeduk Innopolis, where many technology-intensive firms agglomerate, this paper explores SMEs' behavior for technology commercialization and the innovation system in the regional level. Then it points out the limitations and problems of the technology commercialization system in Daeduk innopolis, which might be closely related to the 'system failure' in the transition period. Based on the results of this innovation system approach, this paper also suggests some policy directions and agendas for overcoming those system failures in technology commercialization.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2021

This paper focuses on the development and assessment of the expected damage for the rocking response of rigid anchored blocks, with irregular geometry and non-uniform mass distribution, considering the site conditions and the seismicity of Mexico City. The non-linear behavior of the restrainers is incorporated to evaluate the pure tension and tension-shear failure mechanisms. A probabilistic framework is performed covering a wide range of block sizes, slenderness ratios and eccentricities using physics-based ground motion simulation. In order to incorporate the uncertainties related to the propagation of far-field earthquakes with a significant contribution to the seismic hazard at study sites, it was simulated a set of scenarios using a stochastic summation methods of small-earthquakes records, considered as Empirical Green's Function (EGFs). As Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP), the absolute value of the maximum block rotation normalized by the body slenderness, as a function of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is adopted. The results show that anchorages are more efficient for blocks with slenderness ratio between two and three, while slenderness above four provide a better stability when they are not restrained. Besides, there is a range of peak intensities where anchored blocks located in soft soils are less vulnerable with respect to those located in firm soils. The procedure used in here allows to take decisions about risk, reliability and resilience assessment of different types of contents, and it is easily adaptable to other seismic environments.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2023

Background: Massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are complicated by muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and intramuscular fatty degeneration, which are associated with postoperative tendon-to-bone healing failure and poor clinical outcomes. We evaluated muscle and enthesis changes in large tears with or without suprascapular nerve (SN) injury in a rat model. Methods: Sixty-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into SN injury (+) and SN injury (-) groups (n=31 each), comprising tendon (supraspinatus [SSP]/infraspinatus [ISP]) and nerve resection and tendon resection only cases, respectively. Muscle weight measurement, histological evaluation, and biomechanical testing were performed 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Ultrastructural analysis with block face imaging was performed 8 weeks postoperatively. Results: SSP/ISP muscles in the SN injury (+) group appeared atrophic, with increased fatty tissue and decreased muscle weight, compared to those in the control and SN injury (-) groups. Immunoreactivity was only positive in the SN injury (+) group. Myofibril arrangement irregularity and mitochondrial swelling severity, along with number of fatty cells, were higher in the SN injury (+) group than in the SN injury (-) group. The bone-tendon junction enthesis was firm in the SN injury (-) group; this was atrophic and thinner in the SN injury (+) group, with decreased cell density and immature fibrocartilage. Mechanically, the tendon-bone insertion was significantly weaker in the SN injury (+) group than in the control and SN injury (+) groups. Conclusions: In clinical settings, SN injury may cause severe fatty changes and inhibition of postoperative tendon healing in large RCTs. Level of evidence: Level Basic research, controlled laboratory study.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical stability and function after one-stage revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients who underwent one-stage revision ACL reconstruction using Achilles tendon allograft could be evaluated. The average time from primary procedure to revision surgery was 61.8 months. The mean follow-up period was 38.4 months. The bone defects of pre-constructed femoral and tibial tunnels were filled with calcaneal bone attached to Achilles tendon and the new femoral and tibial tunnels were created. Evaluations included the causes of failure of primary ACL reconstruction, Lysholm knee score, Lachman test, pivot shift test and KT-1000 arthrometer measurement. Results: The most common causes of failure of ACL reconstruction were poor surgical techniques in 10 cases (76.9%). Ten patients (76.9%) were good or excellent on the Lysholm score. Twelve patients (92.3%) had negative or 1+firm end Lachman test. Eleven patients (84.6%) had negative pivot shift test. Nine patients (69.2%) had less than 3 mm difference of manual maximum by KT-1000 arthrometer. Conclusion: One-stage revision ACL reconstruction with fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft, creating new tunnels after filling bone defects, resulted in a reliable and predictable outcome in terms of stability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to suggest implications for maximizing the effectiveness and efficiency of IPP work-learning by studying the effects of the personal characteristics of trainees and firm's field teacher on trainees' employability. The following conclusions were drawn by verifying the causal relationship between factors based on a questionnaire (157 copies) distributed to 200 trainees (learning workers) of 9 universities participating in IPP work-learning training. First, in order to increase the employability of IPP trainees, it is necessary to select trainees with strong core competencies and failure tolerance by verifying individual characteristics of trainees. Secondly, companies should appoint senior staff with strong leadership and teaching capacity as corporate field teachers, and corporate field teacher training institutions should reinforce the training to improve their leadership. Third, work-learning companies should be selected as those with high social integration and absorption capacity, and those companies should try to build an organizational culture of acquiring and learning new technologies. The results of this study are expected to contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of work-learning training by establishing a training system that can systematically select trainees and participating companies and enhance the training capacity of companies and field teachers.

• Korean small business review
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2020

In this paper, it is analyzed that the financial factors of successful/unsuccessful companies in restructuring among Korean SMEs. For this purpose, the cases of 494 SMEs that had been subjected to workout programs due to financial distress between 2008-2014 were collected from A bank which is a SME financing bank, and had been subjected to logistic regression and t-test. And the sample cases are categorized into two groups, companies subject to external audit and the others, to provide more reliability. The result suggests; First, in all sample cases of SMEs, those are success factors for workout in connection with smaller total assets, lager sales amount, lower ratio of intangible assets, higher ratio of operating profit, lower ratio of short-term debt, higher ratio of long-term debt, and longer corporation history. Secondly, several factors have different influence on companies subject to external audit and the others. Lastly, the success factors for workout in Korean SMEs turned out to be different from those suggested in previous studies that are focused on large company. Some of the financial factors that led financially distressed firm to a successful restructuring showed the same results as large companies, but some of them were not related to them or even had the inverse influence on SMEs. This implies that SMEs have their distinctive success factors.