• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.439-444
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• 2019

It is generally known that high strength soil is indicative of well-graded particle size distribution. However, there are some special cases of firm ground despite poor grade distribution, especially a specific gap-graded soil. Based on these discoveries, this study investigated the development of an additive of gap-graded soils designed to increase soil strength. This theoretical concept was used to calculate the mixed ratio required for optimal soil strength of the ground sample. The gap-graded aggregate was added according to Plato's polyhedral theory and subsequently calculated ratio and soil strength characteristics were then compared to characteristics of the original soil sample through various test results. In addition, the underground stress transfer rate was measured according to the test conditions. The test results showed that the ground settlement and stress limit thickness were reduced with the incorporation of gap-graded soil. Further field tests would confirm the reproducibility and reliability of the technology by using gap-graded soil to reinforce soft ground of a new construction site. Gap-graded soil has the potential to reduce the construction cost and time of construction compared to other reinforcing methods.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.107-112
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze a cafe built by reflecting the characteristics of Jeju among the cafes in Jeju. This is to provide practical help to prospective prep entrepreneurs who want to start a cafe in Jeju. The cafe reflecting the characteristics of Jeju maintains its own competitiveness and constant interest of tourists by securing differentiation and uniqueness. In addition, by looking at the characteristics of Jeju applied to cafe architecture, the academic foundation for understanding the Jeju and applicable characteristics of Jeju were summarized. The study was conducted in parallel with literature analysis and on-site analysis, and as a result, the following contents were found. First, it is a reflection of Jeju's phenomenal materiality. Second, it is a reflection of Jeju's interpretive everyday life. Third, it is a reflection of Jeju's materiality time. In this regard, if prep entrepreneurs start a cafe that reflects the characteristics of Jeju, they can create a cafe with very specific characteristics if they integrate the three characteristics above.

• The Journal of shipping and logistics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.245-264
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• 2019

With the first agrement in 2004, Korea(ROK) has been one of the most active countries participating in FTA. Companies should meet some requirements to use preferential tariff benefits of FTA. For example, it is required for firms to fulfil the origin criteria and direct transportation principles. This study is designed to provide important factors determining reliability of FTA Origin Certificate. In specific, characteries of firm(trade experience, professional expertise), country (FTA participation, economic development) and product(processing level, value pricing) are investigated as determinants of how trust FTA origin certificate. According to the theoretical foundation and previous studies, this study made 6 hypotheses. SEM(Structural Equation Modeling) was used to test empirically the hypothesized relationships among variables. The empirical findings show that trade experience, professional expertise and FTA participation are important determinants. In other words, firms can trust more FTA Origin Certificate by trading partners with more trading experiences and professional expertises located in countries where participate actively in FTA.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.247-267
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• 2006

This paper formulates a monopolistic competition model by incorporating Leontief product function into Dixit and Stigliz model to analyze and compare the effects of two environmental policy instruments-fuel efficiency regulation and environmental tax-on a market which reflects characteristics of international vehicle market. As expected, both policy instruments raise equilibrium market prices. The effect of fuel efficiency regulation on firm output, the number of firms, and industry output, however, depends on three determinants-the increasing rate of the ratio of consumer expenditure to the income, the increasing rate of fixed cost, and the increasing rate of marginal cost. On the other hand, the imposition of the specific environmental tax reduces the firm output, but does not influence the number of firms. If these two instruments are assumed to lead to the same increasing rate of marginal costs, the environmental tax reduces the firm output as well as the industry output more than the fuel efficiency regulation. And it will induce more firms to exit the market than the fuel efficiency regulation if the increasing rate of the ratio of consumer expenditure to the income is larger than the increasing rate of fixed cost.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2018

This study validates the trading rules based market anomalies and technical analysis in the Korean stock market. For the analysis, we built decile portfolios on the basis of corporate characteristics factors that clearly demonstrate specific patterns of stock returns including the firm size, book-to-market equity, and accruals. This portfolio was used to develop a portfolio based on the moving average trading strategy which was used for popular technical analysis tools, and then that was evaluated using the Sharpe ratio. We also created a zero-cost portfolio to identify the profitability and success rate of the moving average trading strategy. We lastly sought to ensure a more robust evaluation by calculating the Sortino ratio of the portfolio based on the moving average trading strategy with various lags. Key findings from this validation are as follows. First, a smaller firm size, a higher book-to-market equity, and lower accruals led to larger average returns. Second, the risk-adjusted performance of the moving average trading strategy was the highest in terms of the firm size, followed by book-to-market equity and accruals. Third, the returns of the zero-cost portfolios all had a positive value, with its overall success rate hovering over 68.8%, demonstrating the successfulness of the moving average trading strategy. Fourth, various evaluations revealed the economic usefulness of our trading strategy that used market anomalies and technical analysis.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-48
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• 2015

This study proposes an integrated operational model of branches with customer center at stock brokerage firms and suggests ways to improve existing systems. This suggested integrated model of branches and customer centers can increase customer satisfaction and customer values for the specific services at each channel. This integrated model also enables customers to make transactions at a desired specific time, make it possible to inquire whatever the customer wished to ask, and select desired contact channels. In addition, the firms can bring in improved effectiveness of internal resources by integrating all the resources the firm has. Personal resources and system resources are distributed by the characteristics of channels that can be selected by the customers. Then agents also can provide more speedy and accurate responses to the engaged customer interactions matching to his/her job in charge. Also, the model makes it possible to collect the latest customer and transaction information at the moment of each interactions, by which the firm can provide customized services specifically tailed to each customers' preferences. However, systematic interactions between branches and customer center, and completed system should be equipped with in order to provide the highest quality services.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.27-42
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• 2009

The research aims to identify factors affecting the use of government export marketing assistance programs and future improvements of the programs. 500 Korean exporting firms were used as a sample and research hypotheses were tested by the structural equation modeling using AMOS 7.0. The empirical findings are as follows. First, exporting firms' awareness of export marketing assistance programs showed a positive impact on their use of the programs. Second, small exporters showed higher awareness and use of the programs than large ones. Third, the firms with low export intensity showed higher awareness and use of the programs than those with high export intensity. Fourth, exporters having high orientations for overseas market showed higher awareness and use of the programs than those with low international orientations. Fifth, exporters having high proportion of direct exports showed higher awareness and use of the programs than those with low proportion of direct exports. Also, the effects of these firm-specific characteristics on the use of the programs were found to be done indirectly, in other words, through the awareness of the programs. Therefore, it was concluded that export marketing assistance program would be differentiated and specialized to fit in with exporters' different exporting stages and needs. Also, in order to increase the use of the programs, exporters' awareness and knowledge of the programs have to be increased in advance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.239-250
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• 2022

This study examined the level of capital structure and its determinants of publicly traded companies in Malaysia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The data for this study was examined using Python Programming Language and time-series financial data from 2,784 quarterly observations in 2019 and 2020. The maximum debt is larger before the COVID-19 period, according to the findings. During the COVID-19 period, short-term debts and total debts have both decreased slightly. However, long-term debts have increased marginally. As a result, this research demonstrates that the capital structure has changed slightly during the COVID-19 period. The findings imply that independent of the capital structure proxies, tangibility, liquidity, and business size had an impact on capital structure in both periods. It was found that profitability had a significant impact on total debts both before and after the COVID-19 crisis. While higher-profit enterprises appear to have lesser short-term debts before the COVID-19 periods, they are also more likely to have lower long-term debts during the COVID-19 periods. Even though growing companies tend to have higher short-term debts and thus total debts during those periods, longterm debts are unaffected by potential growth.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.55-72
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• 2020

Purpose - In this paper, we provide recommendations for Korea's long-term direction and strategic measures to attract inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in response to Japan's export regulations. In doing so, we analyze the current situation and characteristics of trade between Korea and Japan, focusing on the parts and materials industry, which is particularly affected by Japan's trade regulations. Design/methodology - Based on the analysis of five successful inward FDI cases (e.g. Toray, IGK, Delkor, GlobalWafers, DuPont) and statistic trend review in the parts and materials industry, we consider various factors pertaining to successful inward FDI in Korea and propose valuable investment attraction strategies. Findings - For a successful investment attraction strategy, we studied some statistical trends in the internal and external environments of the parts and materials industry and successful investment attraction cases in Korea. We have found that in order to increase the probability of success in attracting investment, we need a mid-to long-term strategy considering multiple factors such as "Production-oriented, Demand-linked, Global Value Chain (VGC) linked, and Policy-linked investment attraction." Originality/value - We suggest several specific measures and important strategic implications for the Korean government and firm's managers to attract inward FDI successfully.

• Architectural research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

These days the copyright plays a significant role in various fields of creative works and it has expanded dramatically into unprecedented ways. In Korea, architectural works copyright cases are rare due to the lack of information and understanding of the architectural works copyright. Architectural works copyright can promote architects' creative activities and enhance the quality of architectural works as art. Nevertheless, there is little effort to advance the studies of architectural works copyright in the architectural design area. Under these circumstances, this research attempts to share the basic case laws and remedies for various architectural works copyright issues in the U.S. cases. This Article examines the Thomas Shine v. David M. Childs and Skidmore Owings & Merrill, LLP Case which is the most recent case as I could reach. This case is about a story between two architects, one is from a very prestigious architectural design firm and the other, once Yale Architectural student, now practices his design work as an up-and-coming architect. A close examination of this case will provide a legal and architectural spectrum of copyright. That is, it will make it more specific how to solve the copyright infringement. Artistic and technological contexts are overlapped in Architectural works copyright as its inherent characteristics. Therefore, different ways from other copyrighted works are needed to access the untangled equations of the architectural works copyright protection. In addition, more comprehensible and specific regulations that can impose a remedy more suited to the architectural works copyright violations are needed and they should enable architects to fulfill their architectural activities under wide range of copyright protection. Moreover, in prior to all efforts to handle those equations, fundamental knowledge of architectural works copyright is required to improve the copyright protection in the architectural design area as well as to provide for the globalizing design practice. Ultimately, all of these efforts will be rewarded when constant researches based on Korean and other countries' architectural copyright cases can support them and it would be great if this research can set the stage for resolving expected copyright conflicts within the architectural design area.