• 센서학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2007

This paper presents a miniaturized turn-counting sensor (TCS) where the geomagnetism and high-rpm rotation of ammunition are used to detect the turn number of ammunition for applications to small-caliber turn-counting fuzes. The TCS, composed of cores and a coil, has a robust structure with no moving part for increasing the shock survivability in the gunfire environments of ${\sim}30,000$ g's. The TCS is designed on the basis of the simulation results of an electromagnetic analysis tool, $Maxwell^{(R)}$3D. In experimental study, the static TCS test using a solenoid-coil apparatus and the dynamic TCS test (firing test) have been made. The presented TCS has shown that the induction voltage of $6.5{\;}mV_{P-P}$ is generated at the magnetic flux density of 0.05 mT and the rotational velocity of 30,000 rpm. From the measured signal, the TCS has shown the SNR of 44.0 dB, the nonlinearity of 0.59 % and the frequency-normalized sensitivity of $0.26{\pm}0.01{\;}V/T{\cdot}Hz$ in the temperature range of $-30{\sim}+43^{\circ}C$. Firing test has shown that the TCS can be used as a turn-counting sensor for small-caliber ammunition, verifying the shock survivability of TCS in high-g environments.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3403-3409
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• 2014

동축 와류형 분사기 19개로 구성된 연소기 헤드와 냉각채널을 갖는 연소실을 이용하여 연소시험을 수행하였다. 추진제로는 액체산소와 케로신(Jet A-1)이 사용되었으며, 연소시험은 연소실 압력 59~82 bar, 혼합비 2.0~3.0 영역에서 수행되었다. 냉각채널 연소실의 냉각 유체로는 물이 사용되었으며, 냉각채널 입구와 출구에서의 물의 온도를 측정하여 열유속 값을 계산하였다. 본 연구에서는 연소불안정에 따른 열전달 영향을 살펴보는 것을 목표로 하였으며, 이를 위해 냉각수의 온도 변화를 계측하였다. 몇 번의 연소시험에서 연소불안정 현상이 발생하였으며, 이때 열유속이 5~20% 정도 증가하는 결과가 나타났다. 또한 열유속은 연소불안정이 발생하는 초기 시점에서 최대가 되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2020

육군의 공병은 여러 장비를 이용하여 다양한 작전을 수행 중이며, 대표적인 군사작전 분야로는 포병 진지구축지원이 있다. 포병은 아군의 후방에서 화력으로 적의 중심을 타격하는 임무를 수행하며, 이때 사격 위치 노출 방지를 위해 한 진지에서 여러 차례 사격 후 진지를 반드시 이동해야 함에 따라 제한된 수의 장비를 효율적으로 운용하여 다수의 진지를 신속히 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 진지 구축시 제약조건을 반영하여, 공병장비-팀(작업)-진지간 최적할당이 가능한 수리모형과 휴리스틱 알고리즘을 제시하고 이에 대한 실험결과를 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 최적화 수리모형은 작은 크기의 문제에서는 최적해를 도출하나, 실제 공병대대 및 여단 규모의 장비배치 문제에서는 최적해 도출에 장시간이 소요되는 한계가 존재함에 따라, 수리모형 기반의 휴리스틱 역시 제안하였다. 해당 휴리스틱은 1단계에서 수리 모형의 일부 변수의 정수제약 조건을 완화하고 할당에 대한 최적해를 구하고, 해당 해를 원 수리모형에 추가하여 최종 해를 구하는 형태로 설계하였다. 이러한 휴리스틱은 최적해의 도출은 보장하지는 못하나 문제의 크기가 커져도 빠른 시간에 해를 도출할 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.192-200
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• 1981

This study deals with the low temperature ($25^{\circ}C$-$600^{\circ}C$) properties of Kaolin-Phosphate-water systems. Phosphoric acid, mono aluminum phosphate, mono ammonium phosphate, the mixture of phosphoric acid and mono aluminum phosphate, and the mixture of phosphoric acid and mono ammonium phosphate were used to characterize the M.O.R. of the systems with to quantity of phosphates, curing time, and firing temperature. Firing shrinkage, viscosity, surface tension, DTA, TGA, and X-ray diffraction patterns were also measured in order to investigated the factors of strengthening. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The M.O.R. of kaolin-phosphate systems were stronger than that of Kaolin-water system at room temperature or low temperature($25^{\circ}C$-$600^{\circ}C$). Though it was increased according to the longer curing time, the higher temperature, and the more addition of phosphate, the M.O.R. were decreased in the case of 10 wt% phosphate addition in the system of phosphoric acid, mono aluminum phosphate and phosphoric acid-mono aluminum phosphate. 2. When the concentration of Phosphate was at 4 wt%, the M.O.R. of specimen cured at $25^{\circ}C$ and added to the phosphoric acid was strongest among the specimens in added to the others phosphates. Whereas, when the concentration of phosphate was above 6wt%, the M.O.R. of specimen cured at $25^{\circ}C$ and added to the phosphoric acid mono ammonium phosphate system cured at $25^{\circ}C$ was the strongest. 3. The M.O.R. of the specimen heated, in the temperature range of 15$0^{\circ}C$-1$600^{\circ}C$, and added to the mixture of phosphoric acid-mono aluminum phosphate system or phosphoric acid-mono ammonium phosphate system was stronger than that of specimen added to Phosphoric acid, mono-aluminum Phosphate or mono-ammonium phosphate alone. 4. The bonding force of phosphate binders was more closely related to surface tension than viscosity and it tended to be inversely proportional to surface tension. The bonding force after heating treatment seemed to be caused by the change of structure of phosphate according to heating.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2013

PURPOSE. One of the most important factors in evaluating the quality of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) is their gap. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal and internal gap of two different metal-ceramic crowns, casting and selective laser sintering (SLS), before and after porcelain firing. Furthermore, this study evaluated whether metal-ceramic crowns made using the SLS have the same clinical acceptability as crowns made by the traditional casting. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The 10 study models were produced using stone. The 20 specimens were produced using the casting and the SLS methods; 10 samples were made in each group. After the core gap measurements, 10 metal-ceramic crowns in each group were finished using the conventional technique of firing porcelain. The gap of the metal-ceramic crowns was measured. The marginal and internal gaps were measured by two-dimensional and three-dimensional replica techniques, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and nonparametric ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. In both groups, the gap increased after completion of the metal-ceramic crown compared to the core. In all measured areas, the gap of the metal cores and metal-ceramic crowns produced by the SLS was greater than that of the metal cores and metal-ceramic crowns produced using the casting. Statistically significant differences were found between cast and SLS (metal cores and metal-ceramic crown). CONCLUSION. Although the gap of the FDPs produced by the SLS was greater than that of the FDPs produced by the conventional casting in all measured areas, none exceeded the clinically acceptable range.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

Efficient and inexpensive solar cells are necessary for photo-voltaic to be widely adopted for mainstream electricity generation. For this to occur, the recombination losses of charge carriers (i.e. electrons or holes) must be minimized using a surface passivation technique suitable for manufacturing. Recently it has been shown that aluminum oxide thin films are negatively charged dielectrics that provide excellent surface passivation of silicon solar cells to attract positive-charged holes. Especially aluminum oxide thin film is a quite suitable passivation on the rear side of p-type silicon solar cells. This paper, it demonstrate the interfacial microstructure and electrical properties of mono-crystalline silicon surface passivated by $Al_2O_3$ films during firing process as applied for screen-printed solar cells. The first task is a comparison of the interfacial microstructure and chemical bonds of PECVD $Al_2O_3$ and of PEALD $Al_2O_3$ films for the surface passivation of silicon. The second is to study electrical properties of double-stacked layers of PEALD $Al_2O_3$/PECVD SiN films after firing process in the temperature range of $650{\sim}950^{\circ}C$.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.431-439
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• 1999

Among the variable-speed AC motor drive systems, the static slip power recovery system has been widely adopted in large power drives because a high efficiency drive can be obtained by recovering the slip power to the AC line. Although many improvements have been made in this system, several problems also remain such as the need of transformer in inverter AC side, which results in limiting speed control range and increasing the losses, production of reactive power by the control of inverter firing angle, harmonics in line currents, and so on. This paper presents the novel high performance slip power recovery system using the boost converter and small size filter in the rotor circuit, which recovers slip power of a wound rotor induction machine to AC supply efficiently with the aid of the boost converter, in which most of the problems in conventional system can be solved. The speed can be controlled by the duty ratio of the converter switch, not by inverter firing angle. As a results, the proposed system can operate in high power factor and the harmonic currents caused by the inverter and rectifier can be considerably suppressed. The validity of the proposed system verified by demonstrating the good agreement in the simulation and experimental results.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2007

Changes of single unit activity of CA1 hippocampus region were investigated in anesthetized Mongolian gerbils for six days following transient ischemia. Ischemia was produced immediately before the implantation of micro-wire recording electrodes. In control animals receiving pseudo-ischemic surgery, neither spontaneous neuronal activities ($5.70{\pm}0.4Hz$) nor the number of recorded neurons per animal changed significantly for six days. Correlative firings among simultaneously recorded neurons were weak (correlation coefficient > 0.6) in the control animals. Animals subjected to ischemia exhibited a significant elevation of neural firing at post-ischemic 12 hr ($9.95{\pm}0.9Hz$) and day 1 ($8.48{\pm}0.8Hz$), but a significant depression of activity at post-ischemic day 6 ($1.84{\pm}0.3Hz$) when compared to the activities of non-ischemic control animal. Ischemia significantly (correlation coefficient > 0.6) increased correlative firings among simultaneously recorded neurons, which were prominent especially during post-ischemic days 1, 2 and 6. Although the numbers of spontaneously active neurons recorded from control group varied within normal range during the experimental period, those from ischemic group changed in post-ischemic time-dependent manner. Temporal changes of the number of cells recorded per animal between control group and ischemic group were also significantly different (p = 0.0084, t = 3.271, df = 10). Cresyl violet staining indicated significant loss of CA1 cells at post-ischemic day 7. Overall, we showed post-ischemic time-dependent, differential changes of three characteristics, including spontaneous activity, network relationship and excitability of CA1 cells, suggesting sustained neural functions. Thus, histological observation of CA1 cell death till post-ischemic day 7 may not represent actual neuronal death.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

Civil petitions and law suits against the military rifle shooting noise have been increased because many military shooting ranges are located near civilian residential area. In order to solve the noise problems, military have devised various methods. In this study, propagation properties of rifle shot through atmosphere were investigated. The military rifle shooting noise level at 5m from muzzle was between $l14{\sim}120dB$ in all directions. The noise level loom both backward and sideward away from system firing range consisting lines of 8 shooting locations were 90dB, when shots were all fired within 10 seconds. At present some of military bases established sound barriers, muzzle enclosures, silencers, and indoor shooting ranges to reduce noises and these prevention methods can reduce noise by $5{\sim}20dB,\;5{\sim}9dB,\;5{\sim}13dB,\;40{\sim}50dB$, respectively. Even though indoor shooting range has the best performance, it requires very expensive construction cost and has short length between target and shooter. In comparison, muzzle enclosure is cheap, but because it is installed in fixed position it can only be used in one shooting position. Therefore a commander should select appropriate methods to reduce military rifle shooting noise considering distance from residential area to the range, mission of military training, budget, etc.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.725-732
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• 2014

The silencer for the medium caliber gun was studied to reduce the propagation of gun-generated noise from the firing test range to the community. Three types of silencer were made to compare the reduction of sound pressure level and the effect of chamber volume and the exit angle to the reduction of sound pressure was considered. The structural analysis and measurement of pressure in the silencer showed that the structure is safe in terms of strength. The increase of recoil force to buffer must be considered in the development of silencer. The hypothesis test on the muzzle velocity for the existence of silencer showed that there are no difference at the significance level of 0.05.