• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.22-28
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• 2020

The heat release rate (HRR) of fire for solid combustibles, consisting of multi-materials, was measured using the ISO 9705 room corner test, and a computational analysis was conducted to simulate the fire using an HRR prediction model that was provided by a fire dynamics simulator (FDS). As the solid combustible consisted of multi-materials, a cinema chair composed primarily of PU foam, PP, and steel was employed. The method for predicting the HRR provided by the FDS can be categorized into a simple model and a pyrolysis model. Because each model was applied and computational analysis was conducted under the same conditions, the HRR and fire growth rate predicted by the pyrolysis model had good agreement with the results obtained using the ISO 9705 room corner test.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

In this research, the fire mistaken dispatch records for the past 11 years have been analyzed by using a statistic technique. Fire mistaken dispatch occurred yearly average $48,371{\pm}5,763$ time at 95 % confidence level. This is 1.2 times more than the dispatch for extinguishing the fire. Fire mistaken dispatch has been increased mainly by malfunctioning alarm among other various reasons and the reason of mistaken dispatch is different depending on the population of the region. In big cities, the burning smell accounts for the most of mistaken dispatch but in rural areas, the garbage incineration is the major reason for mistaken dispatch. As a result of calculating the mean time between fire mistaken dispatches (MTBFmd) by region, MTBFmd of Daejeon is 20.61 hr/time and its reliability is 95.26 % at t=1 hr. On the other hand, the MTBFmd of Gyeonggi is 0.58 hr/time and its reliability is 17.91 % at t=1 hr.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

Relief systems can improve the process safety because it has the function for the prevention of overpressure. Flare stacks is necessary to avoid explosion, radiation, or toxicity by waste-gas emitted from relief system. Safe combustion is one of the important factors to improve safety and the quantity and velocity emitted is ruled in the API code 521. Due to the pressure of released gas and mass flow, a flame from flare stack is similar to jet fire. In this study, we have investigated the effect of flame form on complete combustion and heat emission. API code was similar to jet fire model in flame length, the flame had an effect on the ground.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

This study tried to analyze the keywords of the papers published in the Korea Safety Management Science by using the social network analysis. In order to extract the keywords, information on journal articles published from 2018 to 2021 was extracted from the SCIENCE ON. Among the keywords extracted from a total of 129 papers, the keywords with similar meanings were standardized. The keywords used in the same paper were visualized by connecting them through a network. Four centrality indicators of the social network analysis were used to analyze the effect of the keyword. Safety, Safety management, Apartment, Fire hose, SMEs, Virtual reality, Machine learning, Waterproof time, R&D capability, and Job crafting were selected as the keywords analyzed with high influence in the four centrality indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

Modern chemical plants including petroleum refinery and gas industries have evolved into more complex and specialized. In these industrial complexes, it is important to maintain acceptable safety level protecting from various potential disasters caused by fire, explosion and the leakage of toxic materials. Recently possibility and consequence of accidents are increasing in the industrial process. So there is a trade-off between the plant operation efficiency and safety level. In this study SIF(Safety instrument Functions) was incorporated into SIL(Safety Integrity Levels). As a result, the safety level was upgraded by designing resonable allocation of safety instruments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.1 s.18
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• pp.19-23
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• 2003

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the BLEVE probability of LP gas storage tanks which are relatively more dangerous, by the deductive calculating method using the results of Birk's pilot tank test and the required heat capacity of BLEVE. The result that BLEVEs can occur in only above 43.68 percent of liquid filling level under $600^{\circ}C$ of tank pate temperature and $53^{\circ}C$ of inner liquid temperature, was obtained and will be useful for preventing the BLEVE of LP gas storage tanks in fire sites. In addition, this research showed conditions of external leak and fire causing BLEVE, based on 15ton capacity of LP gas tank which has the same specifications as those in Puchon LP gas filling station accident. The result of the calculation is that the minimum pool fire conditions of BLEVE are above 7.2mm equivalent diameter under a liquid release condition and above 17.6mm equivalent diameter under a two-phase release condition. In the end, the result of calculating the pool size corresponding the above conditions using EFFECTS version 2.1, concludes that a minimum of 3.3 meters of diameter and 10.4 meters of height should be needed for BLEVE outbreak.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

This study suggests the water curtain nozzles as the way to protect important wooden cultural properties from an adjacent building fire or a forest fire. They are designed to block off the pyrolysis of timbers which occurs at $200{\sim}250^{\circ}C$ by forming a water curtain with the flow of water that spouts over a certain pressure from the bottom. The existing water curtain nozzles installed at the following sites were examined: NakSan-sa (Temple) in Gangwon-do (Province) and in Muwisa (Temple) in Jeollanam-do (South Province). As a way to improve and complement the system, this study designed nozzles with covers in order not to disrupt the landscape. Connected pipes are elevated and jet water when they are in use. Possible ways to install the connected elevating pipes to jet water effectively were investigated.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.88-95
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• 2015

We propose a weather-related service for fire risk assessment in order to increase fire safety awareness in everyday life. The proposed service offers a fire risk assessment level according to weather forecasts and a degree of fire risk according to fire factors under certain weather conditions. In order to estimate the fire risk, we produced a risk matrix through data mining with a decision tree using investigation data and weather data. Through the proposed service, residents can calculate the degree of fire risk under certain weather conditions using the fire factors around them. In addition, they can choose from various solutions to reduce fire risk. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed services, we developed a system that offers the services. Whenever weather forecasting is carried out by the Korea Meteorological Administration, the system produces the fire risk assessment levels for seven major cities and nine provinces of South Korea in an online process, as well as the fire risk according to fire factors for the weather conditions in each region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this research, the safety trends and technologies of HCNG, a mixture of hydrogen and natural gas, are analyzed. This is an attracting alternative fuels to meet the strengthened automotive exhaust gas emission standards. HCNG is very important opportunities and challenges in that it is available the existing CNG infrastructures, meets the strengthened emission standards, and the technical, social bridge of the coming era of hydrogen. It is essential for the commercialization of HCNG that hydrogen - compressed natural gas blended fuel for use in preparation of various safety considerations included accidents scenario, safety distance, hydrogen attack, ignition sources and fire detectors are examined. Risk assessments also are suggested as one of permission procedure for HCNG filling station.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

An analysis was completed of the hazards distance of hydrogen accidents such as jet release, jet fire, and vapor cloud explosion(VCE) of hydrogen gas, and simplified equations have been proposed to predict the hazard distances to set up safety distance by the gas dispersion, fire, and explosion following hydrogen gas release. For a small release rate of hydrogen gas, such as from a pine-hole, the hazard distance from jet dispersion is longer than that from jet fire. The hazard distance is directly proportional to the pressure raised to a half power and to the diameter of hole and up to several tens meters. For a large release rate, such as from full bore rupture of a pipeline or a large hole of storage vessel, the hazard distance from a large jet fire is longer than that from unconfined vapor cloud explosion. The hazard distance from the fire may be up to several hundred meters. Hydrogen filling station in urban area is difficult to compliance with the safety distance criterion, if the accident scenario of large hydrogen gas release is basis for setting up the safety distance, which is minimum separation distance between the station and building. Therefore, the accident of large hydrogen gas release must be prevented by using safety devices and the safety distance may be set based on the small release rate of hydrogen gas. But if there are any possibility of large release, populated building, such as school, hospital etc, should be separated several hundred meters.