• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

Existing safety education delivered to construction workers has limitations in concentration and immersion, so delivery power and interest are low. In order to improve the unstable behavior of construction workers and prevent safety accidents through education, a paradigm shift to hands-on education is necessary. Experiential safety education aims to contribute to the prevention of safety accidents and induce safe behavior by construction workers to recognize risks faster, select safe working methods suitable for the working environment, and improve emergency response and proactive response. Experiential education facilities have a follow-up learning effect in case of danger. The experience facility, which consists of the same working environment as the actual construction site, is designed to experience falls, equipment contraction, fire, and electric shock. In order to achieve the results of safety education that has invested a lot of time, construction workers must have motivation to participate, and "experiential safety education" through playful, deviant, and aesthetic experiences reduces serious accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2024

As the proliferation of hydrogen electric vehicles accelerates, there is observed diversification in hydrogen refueling station models. This diversification raises safety concerns for different types of stations. This study conducted a quantitative risk assessment of a multi-vehicle hydrogen station, capable of simultaneously refueling cars, buses, and trucks. Utilizing Gexcon's Effects&Riskcurves Software, scenarios of fire and explosion due to hydrogen leaks were assessed. The study calculated the impact distances from radiative heat and explosion overpressure, and measured risks to nearby buildings and populations. The largest impact distance was from fires and explosions at dispensers and high-pressure storage units. High-pressure storage contributes most significantly to personal and societal risk. The study suggests that conservative safety distances and proper protective measures for these facilities can minimize human and material damage in the event of a hydrogen leak.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.129-156
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• 2005

Increasing discovery cases of underground storage facilities made of earth, wood, or stone are being reported from the recent excavation survey of the Baekje relics. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the structure and function of the underground storage facilities of Baekje following a classification made by the type and building method as follows: plask shape, wooden box shape, and stone box shape. The plask shape storage is the most representative underground storage of Baekje that has been found in numerous relics more than 600 sets around Hangang(Han River) and Geumgang(Geum River) from the Hansung period to Sabi period in Baekje Dynasty. It is a historical artefact as a part of the unique storage culture of Baekje around Hangang and Geumgang from the 3rd to 7th Century. Considering its structure and the example of Chinese one, it might had been used for a long-term storage of grains and various other items including earth wares. The storage facility in wooden box shape and stone box shape are found mostly in the relics Of Sabi period. Thus it might had taken some functions of the storage in traditional pouch shape which had decreased after the 6th Century. In particular, the wooden box shape and stone box shape storage required enormous labor force to build owing to their structure and building method. Thus, they were considered to had been used for official purposes in province fortress and citadel artefact. The wooden box shape storage facility is classified into flat rectangular type and square type based on the structure, and into Gagu type(架構式) and Juheol type(柱穴式) based on the building method. It might had been decided according to the geography and geological feature of the place where the storage was to be built. Considering the examples of Gwanbuk-ri relics and Weolpyong-dong relics, the wooden box shape storage facility might had been used for various items depending on the needs, including foods such as fruits and essential provisions at the military base. Considering the long-term food storage, the examples in Japan, and the functional characteristics of the underground storage facility, there is a possibility that the wooden and stone box shape storage facilities had been built so as to safely store important items in case of fire. This study is only a rudimentary examination for the storage facility in Baekje. Thus further studies are to be made specifically and comprehensively on the comparison with other regions, distribution pattern, discovered relics and artefacts, and functions.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.46-59
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• 2023

Various Baekje ground-level building sites have been identified, in Pungnaptoseong Fortress, including Mirae Village's site E-1. However, building site E-1 is the only one with excavated roof tiles that are directly connected to the building site. As for building sites E-2, D-1, and D-2, which are comparable to site E-1, it is very possible that they had tiles on the roof based on their jeoksim (blocking facilities for roof slopes) and building structures. Also, although they are semi-underground pit structures, pit building sites A-30 and modern apartment site A-5, as well as the No.44 remains of Gyeongdang District, which is closer to a ground-level type, the buildings with tiles may have been constructed in the form of partial tile roofs rather than full-face tile roofs. Therefore, there may be several reasons behind the use of tiles on roofs in the early days, but the primary background of the building's authoritative function would have been considered first. Considering that China and Japan started using tiles on nationally important buildings such as palaces, temples, and ritual buildings, it may be presumed that Baekje began using tiles from the time it centralized power. It is believed that Baekje's early roof tile buildings evolved from rudimentary residential architecture to advanced public architecture, taking into consideration fire prevention and structural stability in large buildings. It is difficult to find similar cases in Korea with structural features such as the elevated foundations or underground stone foundations that can be found in Mirae Village building site E-1. Rather, similar architectural techniques can be found in China and Japan. In China, similar construction techniques were discovered in buildings of worship that were primarily built in the palace surroundings, such as Jangan Castle. Based on this, it appears that roof tile building sites, such as site E-1, that have been discovered have a strong correlation with the characteristics of buildings of worship, and ground type buildings, such as sites D-1 and D-2, are important facilities that are related to important public facilities such as state-run warehouses. This provides many implications regarding the early Baekje city structure.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to derive education programs for safety training class, create unit spaces and present components and methods of utilizing the spaces for the development of facilities models closely related to various policy, operation plan and facility construction projects promoted by related institutions such as the Ministry of Education, schools, architects and companies. This study is divided into five steps. First, we reviewed the literature related basic directions for safety education and facility plan, second, field survey included both field conditions such as spatial size and facility configuration and analysis of operating conditions like hours of operation and personnel. Base on literature review and field survey, it were used to analyze strengths and weaknesses of existing safety training classes, and five facility models was developed based on the Delphi method and expert participatory design. The result show that the facility models (drafts) of safety training class were developed as follows: (1)the facility model for traffic safety(pedestrian safety, vehicle safety, subway safety) (2)the facility model for first aid(emergency rescue, how to report) (3)the facility model for disaster safety(fire evacuation safety, life earthquake safety) (4)the facility model for elevator safety(elevator safety, escalator safety) (5)the facility model for drugs and violence safety (smoking drinking, sexual harassment safety, food safety) The safety training class can be composed by combining or separating each module according to affordable space size of each school.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.162-172
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• 2016

Since the Northridge earthquake in 1994 and the Kobe earthquake in 1995 occurred, the concept of performance based design has been introduced for designing various kinds of important structures and buildings. Uniform hazard spectra (UHS), with annual exceedance probabilities, corresponding to the performance level of each structure, are required for performance-based design. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis was performed using spectral ground motion prediction equations, which were developed from both Korean Peninsula and Central and Eastern US region, and several seismotectonic models suggested by 10 expert panel members in seismology and tectonics. The uniform hazard spectra for 5 highly populated cities in Korea, with recurrence period of 500, 1,000, and 2,500 years using the seismic hazard at the frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 Hz and Peak ground acceleration (PGA) were analyzed using the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. The sensitivity analysis suggests that spectral ground motion prediction equations impact much more on seismic hazard than what seismotectonic models do. The uniform hazard spectra commonly showed a maximum hazard at the frequency of 10 Hz and also showed the similar shape characteristics to the previous study and related technical guides to nuclear facilities.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.30
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• pp.7-32
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• 2012

Korea faces The 2014 Incheon Asian Games and 2018 Pyungchang Winter Olympics. It is imperative to hold a safe event for the economic benefits, enhancing Korea's image, social integration, national harmony and unity in order to be evaluated as a successful international event. Furthermore, since the international event tends to draw many spectators, the host country must be ready to accommodate a large number of injured people in the event of an accident or terror attack. As stadiums for international events are where a large number of spectators gather in, a large refuge is essential, when dangerous situations happen. In this study, evacuation simulation was conducted using three scenarios in order to predict escape behaviors of spectators during the large escape by destruction of safety systems of stadiums and assess escape safety. As the result, the following results and proposals were extracted. Firstly, it is considered that dangerous situations during the security of stadiums should be predicted in advance and concrete plans for a large refuge of spectators have to be established to minimize damage. Secondly, it was found that the reduction in evacuation exits has an important impact on evacuation in an emergency situation. It implies that securing escape exits are quite important. Thirdly, there were areas where spectators stayed, due to blocked escape exits, while they were dispersed and concentrated at once. It demonstrates that security plans considering properties of facilities are required to solve these problems.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.565-572
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• 2008

It is a trend to increase safekeeping properties in financial company as the world economy situation has been globalized and advanced. The development of a securable vault door resisting to malicious trespass is needed. Therefore, this study focuses on developing high performance concrete placed at the inside of the vault door, and all materials used in this study is easy to obtain in domestic considering economic competitiveness. The compressive strength over 170 MPa was targeted, and structurally strengthening was also planned in order to resist to over $3,000^{\circ}C$ heating by torch and extreme impact loading by hammer drilling machine. Several types of fibers and reinforcing structures were used in order to resist those external heating and loading. This purpose was required to satisfy UL 608 standard of a vault door. Consequently, the result from this study is expected to be applied to construction field of major facilities, which should guarantee the safety from an external attack such as terror.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.10-19
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• 2020

Valve leak accidents in petrochemistry plants and gas utilities cause human and property damage. The main reason why happen gas inhalation, poisoning, fire and explosion accidents is gas valve leakage. To prevent gas leakage, inspectors check the facilities in the field. And they are at risk of gas leak accidents. So we applied IoT-based risk assessment, monitoring and automatic control system. It can detect both internal and external gas leakage, do real-time monitoring of industrial valve in the plant by using hybrid sensor. As the new safety management system for industrial valve is developed, it needs method to evaluate device performance and environmental components for the system. This study is about development of method to verify performance of the explosion-proofed hybrid sensing system include gas detector and optical fiber sensor supporting wire and wireless communication.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.104-109
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• 2017

The flooding and deterioration of water quality caused by urbanization and climate change are becoming more serious. In order to respond to this, studies on low impact development (LID) technology, which is designed to restore the hydrological system of the urban basin to its natural state, have been actively pursued all over the world, The announcement of the low carbon green growth law, hydrophilic area special law, etc., highlights the importance of technology such as the LID method. However, whereas various developments have been made in relation to the current LID element technology, there has been little research designed to verify its effectiveness. In this study, we analyzed the optimum spatial distribution of pitcher fire pitcher packing in parking lots using the K - LIDM model to verify the effectiveness of the low impact development (LID) method in the early stages. Using the eight package scenario and the three rain intensity scenarios, it was found that the lower 40% pitcher packaging results in an approximately 90% spill reduction effect, as in the case of the whole pitcher's package. The confirmation of these analyses and experimental verification is expected to ensure that the actual pitcher packaging will be used as a basis for arranging LID facilities such as urban planning and housing development in the future.