• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.7-10
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• 2008

Heat release characteristics of live fire load are an important parameter for performance oriented fire safety design of a building. While investigations have been carried out on the fire load and its burning behavior in office, residential and commercial buildings and so on, little effort has been paid for the rational treatment of fire load in post office buildings in Japan. In this report, burning behavior of typical combustible objects in post office buildings are studied by measuring heat release rates of plastic palettes with and without postal envelopes or packages and special containers loading numbers of palettes. The test results suggest that dynamic heat release rate is highly dependent on the condition of palettes especially if they load appropriate amount of postal envelopes or not.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2008

In the present study, a forest fire spread was simulated with a three-dimensional, fully-transient, physics-based, computer simulation program. Physics-based fire simulation is based on the governing equations of fluid dynamics, combustion and heat transfer. The focus of the present study is to perform parametric study to simulate fire spread through flat and inclined wildland with vegetative fuels like trees or grass. The fire simulation was performed in the range of the wind speeds and degrees of inclination. From the results, the effect of the various parameters of the forest fire on the fire spread behavior was analyzed for the future use of the simulation in the prediction of fire behavior in the complex terrain.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.514-519
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• 2004

The paper discusses the general behavior of fire-damaged slender reinforced concrete columns on the basis of results obtained from parametric studies. Effects of slenderness ratio, concrete strength, cover thickness, reinforcement ratios, exposed time to fire, and eccentricity on the ultimate capacity of fire-damaged column are theoretically observed. With the increase of slenderness ratio, similar tendency of relative strength reduction was observed between fire-damaged columns and columns at room temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.481-487
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• 2005

In this study, a GIS model to simulate the behavior of surface forest fires was developed on the basis of forest fire growth prediction algorithm. This model consists of three modules for data-handling, simulation and report writing. The data-handling module was designed to interpret such forest fire environment factors as terrain, fuel and weather and provide sets of data required in analyzing fire behavior. The simulation module simulates the fire and determines spread velocity, fire intensity and burnt area over time associated with terrain slope, wind, effective humidity and such fuel condition factors as fuel depth, fuel loading and moisture content for fire extinction. The module is equipped with the functions to infer the fuel condition factors from the information extracted from digital vegetation map sand the fuel moisture from the weather conditions including effective humidity, maximum temperature, precipitation and hourly irradiation. The report writer has the function to provide results of a series of analyses for fire prediction. A performance test of the model with the 2002 Chungyang forest fire showed the predictive accuracy of 61% in spread rate.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.867-891
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• 2016

This paper addresses numerically the behavior of steel structures under Fire-after-Earthquake (FAE) loading. The study is focused on a four-storey library building and takes into account the damage that is induced in structural members due to earthquake. The basic objective is the assessment of both the fire-behavior and the fire-resistance of the structure in the case where the structure is damaged due to earthquake. The combined FAE scenarios involve two different stages: during the first stage, the structure is subjected to the ground motion record, while in the second stage the fire occurs. Different time-acceleration records are examined, each scaled to multiple levels of the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in order to represent more severe earthquakes with lower probability of occurrence. In order to study in a systematic manner the behavior of the structure for the various FAE scenarios, a two-dimensional beam finite element model is developed, using the non-linear finite element analysis code MSC-MARC. The fire resistance of the structure is determined using rotational limits based on the ductility of structural members that are subjected to fire. These limits are temperature dependent and take into account the level of the structural damage at the end of the earthquake and the effect of geometric initial imperfections of structural members.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2020

To reduce the damage of concrete in fire, a new type of lightweight cinder aggregate concrete was developed due to the excellent fire resistance of cinder. To further enhance its fire resistance, Polypropylene (PP) Fibers which can enhance the fire resistance of concrete were also used in this type of concrete. However, the bond behavior of this new type of concrete after fire exposure is still unknown. To investigate its bond behavior, 185 specimens were heated up to 22, 200, 400, 600 or 800℃ for 2 h duration respectively, which is followed by subsequent compressive and tensile tests at room temperature. The concrete-rebar bond strength of C30 PP fiber-reinforced cinder concrete was subsequently investigated through pull-out tests after fire exposure. The microstructures of the PP fiber-reinforced cinder concrete and the status of the PP fibre at different temperature were inspected using an advanced scanning electron microscopy, aiming to understand the mechanism of the bonding deterioration under high temperature. The effects of rebar diameter and bond length on the bond strength of PP fiber-reinforced cinder concrete were investigated based on the test results. The bond-slip relation of PP fiber-reinforced cinder concrete after exposure at different temperature was derived based on the test results.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.1 s.65
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

This paper investigated the fire and smoke behavior in the compounded multiplex theater using FDS with various spacial and boundary conditions to ensure the fire safety of the multiplex. The results showed that more rapid temperature increase and smoke can be induced near the exit door for the lower fire load duo to the horizontal smoke movement. The overuse of fire resistants can generate more smoke while delaying combustion rate, which can give adverse effect to the evacuation. The mal-function of the exhaust fan would obstruct smoke exhaust but also retard the function of sprinkler head.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2019

This study was a quasi-experimental research of a non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized design for analyzing the effects of fire safety education on care worker trainees. The subjects of the study were care worker trainees of the S Care Worker Institution: 57 trainees with 28 in the experimental group, and 29 in the control group. The research period was from May 21 to June 14, 2018 and the experiments focusing on fire safety education were performed once per week for a total of four times over the research period. The data were then analyzed using a ${\chi}^2-test$ and t-test. The results showed that fire safety education is an effective source of education for increasing the knowledge on fire safety, attitudes towards fire safety, perceived behavioral control on fire safety, behavioral intention on fire safety, and fire safety behavior in addition to being incredibly useful in practicing fire safety behaviors throughout their daily lives. On the other hand, the subjective norms on fire safety did not show any significant differences. Therefore, this paper suggests a follow-up study that should focus on analyzing the effects of the subjective norms on fire safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.280-283
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• 2003

A purpose of our research is an acquisition of cooperative behaviors in inhomogeneous multi-agent system. In this research, we used the fire panic problem as an experiment environment. In Fire panic problem a fire exists in the environment, and follows in each steps of agent's behavior, and this fire spreads within the constant law. The purpose of the agent is to reach the goal established without touching the fire, which exists in the environment. The fire heat up by a few steps, which exists in the environment. The fire has unsureness to the agent. The agent has to avoid a fire, which is spreading in environment. The acquisition of the behavior to reach it to the goal is required. In this paper, we observe how agents escape from the fire cooperating with other agents. For this problem, we propose a unique CMAC based Q-learning system for inhomogeneous multi-agent system.

• Architectural research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

A Steel column with damaged spray-applied fire resistive material (SFRM) may exhibit reduced structural performance due to the effects of elevated temperature during fire events. Thus, the fire load behavior of steel columns with removed or reduced SFRM needs to be examined to predict the structural damage by fire. FEM analyses were performed for the flange thinning removal models in which the SFRM was reduced as a constant strip in thickness at the top flange of the column. The temperature results for all models obtained from the heat transfer analyses were included as an initial condition in the FEM structural analyses. In this study, the results of analysis show that even small remnants of SFRM led to an effective reduction of temperature at any given fire duration, and improved significantly the axial load capacity of a column as compared to the complete removal cases of SFRM.