• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2021

Various research has been done on fires and explosions at gas stations at home and abroad. However, only studies of off-site damage in the event of fire at the gas station were conducted, and research on fire at the auxiliary facilities in the gas station was insufficient. The gas station is a place where anyone can easily access dangerous goods. As the risk of fire increases due to the recent increase of auxiliary facilities such as convenience stores and car repair shops in gas stations, it is important to detect the effects of fire on the main oil refinery in case of fire and to verify the validity of existing regulations. In this thesis, we conducted a study to find out the effect of radiation heat on the separation between fixed and fixed oil reactors in the event of fire at an auxiliary facility. Simulation was modelled using FDS 5.5.3 Version, and the size of the fire source was configured with 13 fire assessment devices and the heat emission rate per unit area was entered. Simulation shows that the separation distance of 2 m does not secure the safety of the gas pump in the event of fire at the auxiliary facilities, and radiation heat does not damage at the separation distance of at least 4 m. Accordingly, facilities that can block radiant heat in the event of fire at auxiliary facilities, and measures to limit the use of auxiliary facilities or to re-impose the separation between buildings and fixtures will be needed.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Investigation
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 2005 년 8월 7 일 22시 58분경 전북 00시 00면 00리 고센농장(축사내 작업장용도 건물)에서 발생한 화재현장을 대상으로 화재조사 및 감식을 하여 그 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 조사 결과 화재는 축사(돈사)와 같이 붙어있는 작업장용도의 공간에서 발생하였으며, 그곳엔 무쏘차량과 5톤 트럭, 페이로더를 주차시켜 놓았으며, 화재는 안쪽에 있는 무쏘차량과 5톤 트럭의 운전석부위가 소실되고, 입구 우측에 적재해 두었던 사료통 및 사일로가 탄화된 화재로 5톤 차량 옆에 주차되어있던 스키로더는 탄화되지 않은 점, 무쏘차량과 5톤 차량은 4M정도 떨어져 있었으며 각기 다른 3곳의 발화지점이 있는 점, 소유자는 3개월 전부터 금연을 하였다고 진술하였으나 현장에서 1 회용 라이터가 발견된 점, 작업장 안의 차량은 키가 꽂혀 있었고, 평소에 차량의 문을 잠그지 않았다고 진술한 점, 농장은 문이 개방되어 있고 도로에서 떨어져 있어(150M 정도) 일반인의 접근이 용이하지 않으며, 화재현장에서는 화원이 될만한 개연성을 가진 것이 식별되지 않은 점, 각각 3곳에서 단독 발화한 것이 식별된 점 등 상기 감식내용을 종합해 보면 미상의 화원에 의한 인위적인 화재(방화)로 추정된다.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.67-84
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to present the basic data for qualitative improvement of emergency care for emergency patient by paramedic in fire station by understanding the level of awareness and practice in prehospital and transfer step, and understanding the level of emergency care and improvement of clinical knowledge through hospital clinical training. Methods: The researchers explained the objective for 143 persons who completed hospital clinical training from June 2nd, 2006 to October 23rd, 2009 among paramedic in fire station. The questionnaire in this research consisted of 80 questions. In the reliability for the awareness of emergency patient assessment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.95, and in the reliability for emergency care fulfillment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.93. reliability for clinical knowledge improvement is cronbach's $\alpha=.95$, and reliability for emergency care fulfillment is cronbach's $\alpha=.82$. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS 18.0 statistics program for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Paired t-test, t-test, Correlation Coefficient, and internal consistency reliability was analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$. Results: 1) The paramedic awareness and practice difference for emergency patient is statistically signification for general patient assessment(t=14.159, p=.000), trauma patient assessment(t=11.288, p=.000), internal medicine patient assessment(t=10.898, p=.000), and it shows the level of practice is lower than the level of awareness. 2) The paramedic difference between the level of awareness and practice according to whether or not they have clinical career is not signification on awareness(t=3.119, p=.125), and is high on practice(t=3.119, p=.002). 3) The correlation between paramedic awareness and the level of practice shows positive correlation(r=.61, p=.000). The higher the awareness of emergency patient assessment is, the higher the level of practice is. 4) The difference between paramedic clinical knowledge improvement and the level of emergency care practice is statistically significant(t=3.351, p=.001). 5) 89.6%(128 persons) of paramedic replied hospital clinical training experiences are helpful for field activity. 92.3%(133 persons) replied they apply well for clinical knowledge learned during hospital clinical training and emergency care skills in the field. Conclusion: Paramedic in fire station must evaluate the patient's initial assessment and activate the transfer system to the emergency department. It is necessary to develop and implement the effective education program continuously. The education program should systemize currently operated hospital clinical training. emergency disease and symptoms emergency care method, and practice mainly skill education should be progressed. In the prehospital and transfer management, high quality of medical assessment is required to the emergency medical service system. Medical direction from the doctors can feedback the paramedic continuously and continuing education must be provided to the paramedic in fire station.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.665-671
• /
• 2010

In the present study a 1D-3D numerical simulation was performed to analyze the fire safety in a rescue station of a long railroad tunnel equipped with a mechanical ventilation. The behavior of hot air was studied for the emergency operation mode of ventilation system in case of fire in the rescue station. The 1D simulation was carried out for entire tunnel region. Detailed 3D CFD simulation was performed for the rescue station area in the central region of the tunnel by using the result of the 1D simulation as the boundary condition of the 3D simulation. Various type of cross passage installation were evaluated for the prevention of smoke diffusion to suggest the optimized interval of the cross passages in the rescue tunnel.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.509-514
• /
• 2010

A numerical simulation of passenger evacuation in a subway station was performed by coupling the passenger flow analysis and the fire simulation. The algorithm of the passenger flow analysis was based on a DEM (Discrete Element Method) using the potential map of the direction vector for each passenger. This algorithm was improved in the present study as to use finer grid smaller than a passenger in order to resolve detailed geometry of the station and to resolve the behavior of passengers in the bottleneck at the ticket gate considering the collision of passengers to a wall or with other passengers. In the fire simulation, the CO distribution predicted by using CFD was used to take into account the effect of toxic gases on the passengers' mobility. The methodology proposed in the present study could be used in designing safer subway station in case of fire occurrence.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.845-856
• /
• 2017

In the long railway tunnel, in order to secure safety in case of fire, it is required a emergency station. However, there is no standard or research results on smoke exhaust method and exhaust flow rate in emergency station, so it is necessary to study the smoke exhaust system for emergency station. In this study, we are created a numerical analysis model for emergency station where the evacuation cross passage connected to the service tunnel or the relative tunnel was installed at regular intervals (40 m intervals). And the fire analysis are carried out by varying the fire intensity (15, 30MW), the smoke exhaust method (only air supply, forced air supply and exhaust, forced air exhaust only), and the air flow rate (7, 14, $40m^3/s$). From the results of fire analysis, temperature and CO concentration are analyzed and ASET based on the limit temperature are compared at various condition. As a result, in the case with fire intensity of 15 MW, it is shown that a sufficiently safe evacuation environment can be ensured by applying forced air supply and exhaust method or forced air exhaust only method when the air flow rate is $7m^3/s$ above. In case of fire intensity of 30 MW, it is impossible to maintain the safety evacuation environment for more than 900 seconds when the exhaust air volume is below $14m^3/s$. And when the air flow rate is $40m^3/s$, the exhaust port is disposed at the side portion of the upper duct, which is most advantageous for securing the temperature-based safety.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.41-55
• /
• 2016

Emergency statistics for cities and provinces are currently derived using simple results of comparative numerical data, but there is a limit to the ability to analyze and compare deviations relevant to a specific city and province. This study aims to derive various correlations through statistical analysis of emergency and rescue data for Gwangju Metropolitan City and to develop an analytical model that can be applied nationwide. With the new statistical model, further detailed analysis is possible beyond simple evaluation of rescue data, through links to other institutions and analyses using keywords from Internet portal sites and social networks. Second, a system which that can analyze data that are not shared is required. Through this system, a large amount of data can be automatically analysed in real time. Third, the results should flow back for application in various policies. A real-time monitoring and management system should be created for abnormal patterns of disease. In addition, the results should be available to tailor services for individuals, communities, or specific organizations.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2024

In this paper, as there are many cases of fires occurring due to the failure or inoperability of the thermostat of electronic products, the purpose is to test and analyze the risks and probabilities through fire cases and reproduction experiments, and suggest countermeasures. Among electronic products, water purifiers are composed of a refrigerant system with a compressor to make cold water, a heating device to make hot water, and an electric device used as an energy source. Due to the nature of the water purifier manufacturing, these devices are subject to a lot of moisture and dust. etc. exist in large quantities and use electrical energy, so there is a possibility of fire due to short circuit in the wire, electrical abnormal overheating (tracking phenomenon) in the thermostat, electronic board, starting relay, etc., and overheating of the heating device (Band Heater). there is. Therefore, in order to prevent fires from these devices, a system to remove foreign substances inside the water purifier is necessary, the use of heat-resistant (fire-resistant) wires for electrical devices is essential, and the use of non-combustible materials (semi-combustible materials) for each part is necessary to prevent fire. The risk must be eliminated through prevention and combustion expansion prevention devices.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2008

In this research, to establish the emission for the people who are clearing out, through the numerical analysis using the CFD model, the dangerousness has been investigated in the various emission conditions in a station platform. As a result of research, it is found out that the temperature variation falls between 65.37% and 74.97% to compare without installation of platform screen doors. In the addition, with the supply mode or push-pull mode, the warm current is generated in the platform so the temperature and the layer of smoke are stirred up and felled off. It will make the dangerousness when the people escape. Therefore, when the capacity of emission and the space of platform is set up, the design regards the properties of the fire emission.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2012

Due to a significant leap in the science and technology, the manned space exploration that has started with suborbital flights is now being expanded into the deep space. The space superpowers such as the U.S. and Russia have been making an effort to further develop the manned space technology. Among such technologies, the fire safety technology in microgravity has recolonized as one of the most critical factors that must be considered for the manned space mission design since the realistic fire broke out onboard the Mir station in 1997. In the present study, the flame characteristics such as flame ignition, shape, spread, and extinction that are critical to understand the fire behavior under microgravity conditions are described and discussed. The absence of buoyancy in microgravity dominates the mass transport driven by diffusiophoretic and thermophorectic fluxes (that are negligible in normal gravity) and influences the overall flame characteristics-flame ignition, shape, spread, and extinction. In addition, the cabin environments of the pressurized module (PM) including the oxygen concentration, ambient pressure, and ventilation flow(which are always coupled with microgravity condition during the ISS operation) are found to be the most important aspects in characterizing the fire behavior in microgravity.