• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1994

The purpose of this paper is to present refernce data to be considered in designing for the fire safety of high-rise office buildings. This paper deals with the characteristics of high-rise office buildings in the fire safety aspects, the basic principles for the fire safety of high-rise office building design, and this study is focused particularly on the location of the escape route of core plan for fire safety in high-rise office buildings.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.260-262
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• 2021

최근 화재 발생 시 인명 피해를 줄이기 위해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 대형화된 도시에서는 화재 시 Mobile GIS(geographic information system)를 사용한 대피로 안내 서비스를 제공한다. 하지만 기존의 대피로 시스템에 사용되는 알고리즘 중 Dijkstra Algorithm은 비용이 음수일 경우 무한 루프나 정확한 결과값을 구하지 못하고 모든 경로를 탐색하여 적절한 최단 경로 선택함에 도움을 주지 못하는 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 A^* Algorithm 기반 최단 경로 안내 시스템을 제안한다. 화재 발생 시 최단 경로 탐색과 mobile GIS를 사용하여 모바일 기기에서 지도 서비스를 사용하여 최단 경로를 시각화하여 제공한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2022

Human casualties from fires are increasing worldwide. The majority of human deaths occur during the evacuation process, as occupants panic and are unaware of the location of the fire and evacuation routes. Using an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor and reinforcement learning, we propose a method to find the safest evacuation route by considering the fire location, flame speed, occupant position, and walking conditions. The first step is detecting the fire with IoT-based devices. The second step is identifying the occupant's position via a beacon connected to the occupant's mobile phone. In the third step, the collected information, flame speed, and walking conditions are input into the reinforcement learning model to derive the optimal evacuation route. This study makes it possible to provide the safest evacuation route for individual occupants in real time. This study is expected to reduce human casualties caused by fires.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

A transient 3-D numerical simulation was performed to analyze the fire safety in a railway tunnel equipped with a mechanical ventilation system. The behavior of pollutants was studied for the emergency operation mode of ventilation system in case of fire in the center of the rescue station and near the escape route. Various schemes of escape route construction for connection angle($45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, 135^{\circ}$) and slope($10^{\circ}$) were evaluated for the ventilation efficiency in the fire near the escape route. From the results, it was shown that the mode of the ventilation fan operation which pressurizes the tunnel not under the fire and ventilates the smoke from the tunnel under the fire is most effective for the smoke control in the tunnel in case of the fire occurrence. It was also shown that the blowing of jet fan from the rescue tunnel to the main tunnel should be in the same direction as the flow direction in the main tunnel arising from the traffic and the buoyancy.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2005

As multiplex theaters are increasing rapidly in number, concerns over the evacuation process in case of fire emergency are also increasing. The study investigates the users' awareness and recognition of evacuation route by the method of questionnaire, and analyzes the users' behavior in choosing the route by the simulation program called Simulex. Among others, findings indicate a vast majority of the users are unaware of the proper route in the emergency, yet anticipate to evacuate by it, instead of the entry/exit route that they are familiar with. This aspect, however, can be useful to provide the proper route of evacuation for the users, if an appropriate information is given that the entry/exit route is also used as an emergency egress. The simulation shows heavy congestion at the closer evacuation route from the exit, and distinctly less traffic at the farther means of egress. Based on this natural phenomenon, it is suggested that the emergency stair should be nearby and aligned with the exit from auditorium. Although the present building regulation only requires a minimum dimension at each route, there is a need to widen the passageway that is likely to be recognized easily and subsequently overcrowded in case of fire emergency.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2004년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.230-237
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• 2004

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to know how visual-field obstruction from fire smoke influences a resident's necessary time to reach fire escape and evacuation movement in a high-rise apartment housing. Generally, fire smoke not only gives visual-field obstruction and breath troubles to residents but interrupts their evacuation behavior. If a fire smoke layer is formed in the core department when evacuee enters at the evacuation staircase until, residents will be made to undergo a range of vision obstacle. In order to set a situation like that, participants wore eye bandage which had been made especially before the experiment. Also as a comparative standard, through no.1442 Japanese construction ministry notices about the building evacuation safety verification method, this study calculated smoke layer's dissent time and evacuation time. Then to compare with the former, the participants without an eye bandage joined a experiment once again. This study has understood how fire smoke effects on one's evacuation delay by analyzing residents' evacuation time to reach the staircase and movement route, however, in this study a toxic gas is not considered because it might threaten participants not to breathe.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2020

Last year's Goseong-Sokcho forest fires have highlighted the limitations of extinguishing work for night-time forest fire and the importance of quick identification for information on the spread of forest fire. However, it is not easy to find services that take into account the characteristics of forest fires, as most existing disaster-related mobile applications and research assume various disaster situations rather than just forest fire situations. Therefore, a system that can provide information quickly is needed, taking into account the characteristics of forest fires and the limitations of extinguishing work. In this paper, we propose evacuation route guidance services that bypass areas where fire has already spread, supplement existing methods of extinguishing work, and provide general information on forest fire situations in real time, by putting drones into forest fire situations. It has been implemented to automate image analysis using the Rekognition service of Amazon Web Service (AWS), and the results of fire detection and the T Map API guide the evacuation path. It is expected that the results of this paper will allow efficient and rapid rescue and extinguishing work to be carried out, and further reduce the damage of human life caused by forest fires.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

지하철 역사 화재는 다수의 인명피해를 동반한 대구 지하철사고 이후 지하철 차량 내장재, 지하역사의 제연 시스템과 승객이 지상으로 탈출하기 위해 필요한 피난시간 등과 같은 기존 시스템에 대한 적정성 논란을 가져왔다. 기존의 제연설비는 화재 시배기 용량과 역사 시설구조의 복잡성으로 인한 제어방법의 한계가 따른다. 특히 지하철 역사 화재는 지중에서 지상으로 대피하는 형태로서 이는 부력으로 인한 연기의 이동방향과 피난방향이 같아지게 되므로 피난자들이 일반화재보다도 더욱 많은 연기의 영향에 노출되어져 버리는 결과가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 하향식 피난 동선을 설계하여 피난완료시간의 단축 및 연기 층으로부터 피난자들을 격리시켜 희생자를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2019

중국 송나라 서긍이 작성한 선화봉사 고려도경은 고려의 서해상을 항해한 가장 생생한 기록이다. 선박을 이용하여 고려를 방문한 서긍은 도서지역의 봉수를 이용하여 흑산도에서 벽란도까지 항해하였다. 고려가 도서지역에 설치한 봉수는 당시의 통항로에 인접한 곳에 위치하였고, 항해자가 24시간 식별할 수 있도록 낮에는 연기, 밤에는 횃불로 위치를 표시하였다. 또한 산 정상에 설치하여 항해자가 원거리에서 쉽게 식별할 수 있도록 하였다. 고려 봉수는 현대 항로표지 기본요건을 만족하며, 광달거리(시인성)는 약 29-39mile로 추정되고, 봉수의 광도는 약 9,105-168,610cd로 추정할 수 있다. 그러므로 고려의 봉수는 현대의 항로표지와 같이 항해자에게 쉽게 이용되고, 국가가 운영한 만큼 신뢰성이 높아 안전항해에 필수적인 항로표지 기능을 수행하였다.