• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2008

The recent fire incident in an elementary school of Chonan city causes the media focus on the fire safety of residential container buildings. In this study, real fire tests were conducted in this kind of buildings. Fire temperature and radiant heat flux were measured, in order to investigate the hazard-reduction effects during the fire emergency of residential container buildings. According to the test results, flash over occur in 10 minutes, peak fire temperature was $935.5^{\circ}C$, peak radiant heat flux was $24.99kW/m^2$ at 8minutes after residential container building fire.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.91-118
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• 2019

Every year, many people are severely injured or lose their lives in accidents such as fire, chemical spill, public pandemonium, school shooting, and workplace violence. Research indicates that the fate of people in an emergency situation involving one or more hazards depends not only on the design of the space (e.g., residential building, industrial facility, shopping mall, sports stadium, school, concert hall) in which the incident occurs, but also on a host of other factors including but not limited to (a) occupants' characteristics, (b) level of familiarity with and cognition of the surroundings, and (c) effectiveness of hazard intervention systems. In this paper, we present EVAQ, a simulation framework for modeling large crowd evacuation by taking into account occupants' behaviors and interactions during an emergency. In particular, human's personal (i.e., age, gender, disability) and interpersonal (i.e., group behavior and interactions) attributes are parameterized in a hazard-impacted environment. In addition, different hazard types (e.g., fire, lone wolf attacker) and propagation patterns, as well as intervention schemes (simulating building repellent systems, firefighters, law enforcement) are modeled. Next, the application of EVAQ to crowd egress planning in an airport terminal under human attack, and a shopping mall in fire emergency are presented and results are discussed. Finally, a validation test is performed using real world data from a past building fire incident to assess the reliability and integrity of EVAQ in comparison with existing evacuation modeling tools.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2018

우리나라는 국가적 차원에서 관리가 필요한 30여개의 재난유형을 선정하여 체계적으로 대처할 수 있도록 위기관리 표준매뉴얼을 작성 운영하고 있다. 본 연구는 사례와 관련된 표준매뉴얼 2종의 위기경보 수준을 재난 및 안전관리 기본법과 국가위기관리 기본지침의 내용과 비교하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 위기경보는 위기 또는 재난발생 이전에 발령하게 되어 있는데, 두 매뉴얼의 판단기준에는 심각단계에서 이미 국가위기상황이 발생하고, 해양선박사고로 인하여 재난이 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 위기경보 발령 시기를 검토한 결과 징후를 식별할 수 있는 경우에는 상황발생 이전에 위기경보를 발령할 수 있지만, 징후 없이 상황이 발생한 경우에는 위기경보를 발령할 수 없다고 보았다. 그리고 징후 없이 상황이 발생한 경우지만 국가적 차원의 재난으로 확산될 우려가 있는 경우는 재난관리주관기관이 위기경보를 발령할 수 있다고 보았다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2017

Background: As one of the most frequently occurring accidents in a chemical plant, a fire accident may occur at any place where transfer or handling of combustible materials is routinely performed. Methods: In particular, a jet fire incident in a chemical plant operated under high pressure may bring severe damage. To review this event numerically, Computational Fluid Dynamics methodology was used to simulate a jet fire at a pipe of a compressor under high pressure. Results: For jet fire simulation, the Kemeleon FireEx Code was used, and results of this simulation showed that a structure and installations located within the shelter of a compressor received serious damage. Conclusion: The results confirmed that a jet fire may create a domino effect that could cause an accident aside from the secondary chemical accident.

• 방재기술
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• 통권22호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1997

This paper has two objectives. One is to introduce a software package, "FASTLite" for fire safety engineering calculation, the other to show the modeling result of a backdraft incident on the 62 WATTS street. A classic backdraft usually persists only seconds before exhausting their fuel supply but in this case the flame had persists for at least 6 and a half minutes. It is truly necessary to find out where the fuel came from to feed this flame for so long. The backdraft is successfully modelled by using FASTLite. To help understanding of this backdraft, the calculation with the door open is also carried out and compared to the backdraft.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2011

우리나라의 재난및안전관리기본법에서는 표준현장지휘체계는 긴급구조활동에 대한 지휘에 대한 것으로 국한하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 표준현장지휘체계를 다양한 재난에 범용적으로 적용가능하도록 개선방안을 제시하였다. 또한 대규모 재난피해 발생시 모든 대응자원을 신속히 동원하여 재난현장에 제공 지원할 수 있도록 재난안전대책본부의 자원 응원조정 역할의 명확화 등 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

The recent fire incident in an elementary school of Chonan city causes the media focus on the fire safety of residential container buildings. In this study, real fire tests were conducted in this kind of buildings. Combustion products including $O_2$, $CO_2$, CO, $NO_x,$, $SO_x$, HCI, HCN were measured, in order to investigate the hazard-reduction effects of employing gas mask protected with filter during the fire emergency of residential container buildings. According to the test results, whether or not employing the filter showed a sheer difference in the toxicity of the fire-induced gases, and then the importance of wearing a gas mask was evidently demonstrated.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.329-344
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• 2016

In this paper, a methodology to simulate the whole-building behaviour of the tall building under fire is developed by the author using a 3-D nonlinear finite element method. The mechanical and thermal material nonlinearities of the structural members, such as the structural steel members, concrete slabs and reinforcing bars were included in the model. In order to closely simulate the real condition under the conventional fire incident, in the simulation, the fire temperature was applied on level 9, 10 and 11. Then, a numerical investigation on the whole-building response of the building in fire was made. The temperature distribution of the floor slabs, steel beams and columns were predicted. In addition, the behaviours of the structural members under fire such as beam force, column force and deflections were also investigated.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2011

현재 국내 건축물은 일반주택, 빌라 등을 제외한 대부분 건물에 소방시설을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 소방시설의 활용은 이천물류창고 화재, 코리아 냉동 창고 화재, 대구지하철 참사와 최근 부산의 고층 오피스텔 화재 등에서 나타낸 문제점과 같이 제대로 작동하지 못함으로서 인명과 재산피해 등이 지속적으로 발생되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소방시설 중 가장 널리 사용되고 초기 화재에 중요하게 사용되는 자동화재탐지설비, 비상경보설비, 피난설비, 옥내소화전의 관리 실태를 파악하고 이에 대한 문제점을 데이터화하여 실제 화재시 소방시설의 적극적인 활용을 위한 해결점을 찾고자 한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2005

This study experimentally and theoretically examines the fire characteristics of 100- by 100- by 50-mm samples of flame retardant treated Douglas fir. Samples were exposed to a range of incident heat fluxes 10 to $50kW/m^2$. The time to ignition measurements obtained from the cone heater were used to derive characteristic properties of the materials. A one-dimensional integral model has been used to predict the, time to ignition, critical heat flux and ignition temperature of samples. Ignition data and best-fit curves confirm ${{\dot{q}}_i}^{'}{\rightarrow}{{\dot{q}}_{cr}^{'}\;then\;t_{ig}{\rightarrow}{\infty}$ and when ${{\dot{q}}_i}^'{\gg}{{\dot{q}}_{cr}^'\;then\;t_{ig}{\rightarrow}0$. And Ignition of flame retardant treated samples occurred not at incident heat flux of bellow $10kW/m^2.$. By a one-dimensional integral model, the critical heat flux of each samples was predicted $10.21kW/m^2,\;11.82kW/m^2,\;and\;14.16kW/m^2$ for the D-N, D-F2, and D-F4, respectively. In ignition temperature of each samples, flame retardant treated samples were measured high about $50^{\circ}C$ than non-treated samples. Water-soluble flame retardant used in this study finds out more effect in delay of time to ignition when incident heat flux is low than high.