• International Journal of Safety
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.17-21
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• 2007

This paper aims at the statistical analysis of electrical fire and classification of electrical fire causes to collect electrical fires data efficiently. Electrical fire statistics are produced to monitor the number and characteristics of fires attended by fire fighters, including the causes and effects of fire so that action can be taken to reduce the human and financial cost of fire. Electrical fires make up the majority of fires in Korea(including nearly 30% of total fires according to recent figures), The incorrect and biased knowledge for electrical fires changed the classification of certain types of fires, from non-electrical to electrical. It is convenient and required to develop the standardized form that makes, in the assessment of the cause of electrical fires, the fire fighters directly ticking the appropriate box on the fire report form or making an assessment of a text description. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop electrical fire cause classification and electrical fire assessment on the fire statistics in order to categorize and assess electrical fires exactly. In this paper newly developed electrical fire cause classification structure, which is well-defined hierarchical structure so that there are not any relationship or overlap between cause categories, is suggested. Also fire statistics systems of foreign countries are introduced and compared.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.1 s.65
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• pp.7-18
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• 2007

This research intended to show a reasonable way to improve working conditions of fire officers in Korea. It shows that fire officers have dignity of their social roles even though they have the unfairness in a work time, rewards, promotions and opportunities of overseas training compared with those of other government officers. The unfairness needs to be solved. In addition, there are more demands in fire fighters, but part of a regional government system already composed of 64.06% of fire officers, which means, there are too many fire fighters in one regional government. Therefore, it is difficult to employ more fire fighters. This is one of barriers to prevent from improvement of the working conditions. To improve the working conditions and to overcome the barriers, there are important solutions to counter the problems. Those are application of alternative policies and systems. Compared with the employment system and workload of fire officers in USA, Japan and other advanced countries, it is necessary to introduce alternative policies which include operation of partial three-shift system, expansion of oversees training, expansion of rotational-off system and improvement of employees' welfare policies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.5
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• pp.309-325
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• 2002

It was because mankind could use the fire that we have been civilized. creating a brilliant culture and developing an industrial society. While fire is very useful to our life, the number of the victims of fire continues to increase, This study suggests the ways to rescue the people safely when they are subject to a fire in a high-rise building. To this end, the concept of fire is reviewed. Fire breaks out when the conditions for congestion are met, and therefore. if any of the conditions can be blocked, the fire will be extinguished. In other words. the knowledge of such conditions will greatly help the fire fighters to rescue the people, and so. such conditions for congestion as flammable, heat, oxygen and chain reaction are examined. In addition, the effects of such by-products of fire as heat and smoke on human body are reviewed. In order to rescue the people more safely, the fire fighters are requested to review the situation and design a rescue strategy before being engaged in a full-scale rescue activity. This study discusses various rescue methods using such passages or equipments as stair case, double ladder, special fire fighting vehicle, elevator, jumar, rope, helicopter, etc. In conclusion. since it is more difficult to rescue the people from a high-rise building than from the ground, it is essential to design a rescue program not after fire but before it and thereby, minimize the number of victims.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2009

Because of dense forests and restriction of approaching for fire fighters, forest fire is easy to be a larger fire in Korea. For this result, the air attack was about 90% of extinguishing, so the application of aircrafts, especially helicopters, will be increased gradually. In the all process of forest fire attack, the method of heli-scattering water was the chief element of success of efficient forest fire attack and safe flight. Therefore, a standardized method of heli-scattering water was required. However, as it was not already standardized, a efficiency and safety of fire fighting have been decreased. In this study, we suggest a 11 patterns of methods for scatterling water based on a actual experience of air attack.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2008

Purpose : This study is a descriptive research to provide basic factors of posttraumatic stress in Firefighters. This study was carried out to develop the effective program for the fire fighters to cope with the posttraumatic stress following the disasters. Methods : The questionnaires were collected among fire fighters who serviced in K and I community from April 1 to June 30 in 2008. Total 304 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS WIN program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test. Results : 1. 48.0% of 300 fire fighters were at the age of 31-40, and 42.3% were under 30. 2. Work burden had a significant difference of 2.30 in low-risk group, 2.60 in high-risk group(t-value=-3.85, p=0.00). However, life event had no significant difference 0.79 event in low-risk group, 1.41 event in high-risk group(t-value=-2.27, p=0.24). 3. Concerning posttraumatic stress factors, there was positive correlation between mobilization impact level r=0.38(P<0.01), work burden r=0.38(p<0.01), and life event r=0.27(p<0.01). 4. According to the Symptom Check List-Revised(SCL-90-R), somatization had a significant differences(t-value=5.46, p=0.00), obsessive-compulsive(t-value=7.16, p=0.00), interpersonal sensitivity(t-value=6.15, p=0.00), depression(t-value=6.62, p=0.00), anxiety (t-value=7.33, p=0.00), hostility(t-value=5.94, p=0.00), phobia anxiety(t-value=6.85, p=0.00), paranoid ideation(t-value=5.55, p=0.00), psychotism(t-value=6.52, p=0.00) in low-risk and high-risk group. Conclusion : As a consequence, mobilization impact, work burden, and life event were the influential factors on posttraumatic stress. Also, high-risk group revealed significantly higher score on all 9 scales. The information obtained from surveys made recommendation to develop the intervention of stress management to control mobilization impact and posttraumatic stress.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Despite advancements in the development of synthetic fibers and materials that provide better insulation, fire burn injuries remain a significant issue. To ensure adequate protection, clothing and equipment must be selected on the basis of performance. There are different standards like ISO standards applicable to each of the various types of clothing used by fire fighters. But, in most cases, the tests are performed in the conditions of high heat flux exposure, the clothing material can be destroyed easily. Thus the effective way to investigate the protective performance for the low (radiant) heat flux conditions should be needed. Therefore improved RPP (Radiant Protective Performance) test method based on the onset of pain burn injury was suggested. Experiments were performed to verify the proposed method with current protective clothing for fire fighters and the transient heat transfer characteristics were identified, also. Moreover, several protective performance indices were acquired from experimental results to analyze their relations.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.640-644
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• 2007

The purpose of the present research is to provide a plan for an effective evacuation of residents and people who's in need of evacuation (such as children, the handicapped, and the old) and for the situation when staircase is not available for evacuation, by means of analyzing the evacuation behavioral characteristics of the residents or the evacuators and suggesting an evacuation plan using an emergency elevator in order to minimize casualties in case when fire broke out in a skyscraper.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

In recent years after the Sewol Sank, the surroundings of Fire have rapidly changed and citizens need for Fire have been demanding very high. Under these situations, in order for satisfaction to all these demands, Seoul Metropolitan Fire & Disaster Headquarters(SMFDH) have made improvements of Golden Time in the field of disaster as the leader of Fire Department in Korea. SMFDH has been practicing many kinds of plans, or projects to achieve Gold Time of 55 types of disaster. However, There have been questioning about all these projects if they are working for the achievement. The purpose of this study is to scrutinize current projects for Golden Time Targeting focused on Mapo fire fighters as first responders and to cope with how to make them better for Seoul Citizens' safety by using SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) Statistics 24. The result of this study presents that how we can find to be all the project for Golden Time Targeting running well. And This study will be positively applied to Seoul fire policies or helped for setting them up better.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.4040-4047
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze a change in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) level and the continuity of the effects in music therapy by applying short-term music therapy program in fire fighters with Post-traumatic Stress (PTS). Forty two fire fighters in 3 districts were randomly assigned to experimental group (21 subjects) and control group (21 subjects). Music therapy was applied in totally 10 sessions by two sessions (120 minutes) a day for 5 days. PTS level was measured immediately after the end of program, after 4 weeks, and after 12 weeks. As a result, PTS level has significantly decreased into $8.90{\pm}4.55$ from $26.52{\pm}2.32$ right after the music therapy program(p<0.05). And the effect was shown to be continued significantly up to after 4 weeks($11.95{\pm}4.57$) and after 12 weeks($13.76{\pm}5.62$)(p<0.05). As a result of research, it is considered that the music therapy is effective approach for reduction in PTS as for fire fighters who belong to the group with high risk of PTSD. Accordingly, the application of regular program for managing fire fighters' mental health is understood to likely to contribute to enhancing the field service competence.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between fire fighter's musculoskeletal disorder related observable symptom and their absence from disease and accident. Online questionnaire was distributed with a total of 7,673 fire fighters, and statistical analysis was conducted to the collected data. The result shows that on a one year basis, patients with musculoskeletal disorder related observable symptom felt symptom in sequence of back, shoulder, neck, knee. The result verified that 12.9% of absence of disease and 5.9% of absence of accident experienced these symptoms. Both absence from disease and absence from accident showed body part symptoms related to neck and shoulder. This study ascertained the relationship between fire fighters' absence and their musculoskeletal disorder related observable symptom. The author hopes this study to be used as a basis of precautionary program for absence management.