• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2005

In order to evaluate the performance of fire-protection foams used to protect structures from heat and fire damages, the thermal characteristics of them are experimentally investigated. This research focuses on the destruction of a fire-fighting foam subjected to heat radiation. A simple repeatable test apparatus for fire-protection foams subjected to fire radiation is developed. It involves a foam generation equipment, a fire source for heat generation, repeatable test procedures, and data acquisition techniques. Results of the experimental procedure indicated that each thermocouple within the foam responded in a similar manner and gradually to a temperature of 115℃～20℃. At this point, each trace generally rises to a temperature of approximately 90℃. The temperature gradient in the foam as time passes increases with increasing the foam expansion ratio. In addition, it is found that the temperature gradient along the foam for depth decreases with increasing the foam expansion ratio.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.139-144
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• 2010

Fire fighting foam is expanded when it mix with many water in mechanical method. It have adaptability, mass production possibility, long-time storage possibility. But foam isn't recommended that it use for extinguish the fire in winter. Because of, expansion ratio is changed according to exterior temperature and environment. In this study, we analysis to effect of expansion according to temperature and develop auto mixing system available for fire engine. As a result of non-standard drug mixture is 3.0% up to 30.08% depending on the temperature of the fire showed that the difference in performance occurs. In addition, analysis of the applicability of automatic mixing system design values and actual experimental data as 0.012% maximum error of the applicability of the system obtained according nataname was judged.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

Using the high expansion foam generator of ISO 7203-2 which spray 6 liter at 5 bar, foam generation characteristics was studied. Wind flow rate, foam screen, concentration of foam agent solution and concentration of salt of water were varied to find the effect of the parameters on foam generation. Research result showed that expansion ratio of foam was increased with wind flow rate. The expansion ratio of foam in the perforated type standard screen was higher than the wire mesh screen. Expansion ratio and drainage time were increased with increase of foam solution concentration. But a increase of salt concentration in solution showed the decrease of expansion ratio and drainage time.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate national fire safety consciousness (FSC). A FSC survey would help with proper fire safety policy. Indicators to define and measure efficiently the FSC were broken down into five areas: prevention, alarm, evacuation, extinguishing, and damage expansion prevention. The indicators were developed using Parasuraman's method based on domestic and foreign research materials and meetings with experts. FSC was surveyed using the indicators on Gallup Korea. The results of the survey analysis show that evacuation is lowest, followed by extinguishing, alarm, prevention, and damage expansion prevention.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2008

Korean city had been rapid developed through high industrialization and rapid economic growth after the 1970's. The city development process was guaranteed the fulfillment of city function through the city expansion based on New Towns and satellite cities rather than the reformation of existing city. This city expansion caused by degrading of city, being backward and producing many problems. To solve this problems, it was considered the rehabilitation of retarded function with rejuvenation such as a special law accelerating urban renaissance and reorganization project. Also a fire protection performance did not satisfied the required conditions of modern FPP system, such as the function deterioration of building facilities, the technological development with FPP facilities, changed fire laws and building occupancy for social needs. Insufficiency of requirements depreciated the building value and intimidated a safety of residents. To solve this problem, the improvement of FPP was essentially required and also strongly recommended an analysis and a comparative study between the required FPP of existing building and it improving effective FPP. Therefore, purpose of this study is that establish the basic data to construct a system to analyze and compare the building FPP.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2015

In this study, we try to suggest measures to reduce leakage at a joint between CPVC piping for a sprinkler system and a pipe expansion through reviews of domestic and foreign standards and related tests. The quality of the waterproof rubber packing material between a valve socket and pipe expansion nut was examined. In the leak test, the valve socket material over the expansion part of the metal pipe nut was found to use a metal part or a schlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipe nut part. In addition, the KS B 0221 standard for parallel pipe threads with threaded and thread inspection criteria and inspection standards in order to ensure an acceptable quality of valve socket, there is a need to amend the regulations to comply with the KS B 5223 (screw thread limit gauges parallel pipe threads). We do not have detailed standards for expansion piping nuts for waterproof rubber ring material, so we need to amend the relevant criteria for EPDM material to be used with excellent waterproofing, for which both NBR and EPDM are currently used.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2021

Purpose: Traditional markets often have irregular space utilization patterns because the spaces are created and divided as time passed. Internally, there is high risk of fire due to problems such as aging facilities and high-density of stores and externally, there is high risk of fire spread since it is often adjacent to deteriorated residential and commercial facilities. Method: In this paper, on-site investigations were carried out to check fire risk factors and fire spread risk, and fire occurrence and expansion risk factors were investigated for traditional markets in Hwanghak-dong and Dong-daemun by using large-scale fire data from existing traditional markets. Result: As a result of the analysis, there are likely to be various problems such as high fire load and lack of safety awareness due to aging facilities and high-density of stores. In particular, it is necessary to prepare countermeasures because deteriorated residential facilities with narrow alleys around traditional markets have high fire spread. It is situation that while traditional markets mainly are managing for fire and disaster centering on the merchant association, the surrounding residential areas are not properly managed. Conclusion: It is necessary to manage deteriorated residential facilities with traditional markets, also to be linked early warning system and information to evacuate rapidly in case of fire there.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.57-61
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• 1996

Our goal was to make a cost-effective automatic fire extinguishing system for the engine compartment use of automobiles. We designed this system for the engine compartment. This system consists of 1)foam extinguisher, 2)four nozzles, 3)a pipe arrangement, and 4)an extinguishing device which is equipped with a glass bulb as detector. First and foremost, the extinguishing device was carefully designed to keep the system cost to a minimum. Second, a AFFF foam extinguisher was used because no other fire-fighting agents proved effective against fire in the engine compartment. The AFFF(Aqueous Film Forming Foam) agent which was used in the extinguisher is the 3M company's Light Water. We sought, however, to make other foams by using Halon 1301 and Halon alternatives such as HCFC Blend A, HFC-227ea. We selected these alternatives instead of air in order to raise the expansion ratio of the AFFF agent. By these means we discovered that it is possible to increase the expansion ration of the AFFF agent up to 44:1. We then demonstrated that our automatic fire extinguishing system is the most effective and lowest cost-system yet devised for passenger cars.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.198-199
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• 2007

The Cable Transit has an adaptable center hole for accommodating a cable to be passed through the wall(bulkhead/deck). The Cable Transits Sealing System must have important character which seal and protect against fire, smoke, gas, water, etc and consist of natal frame, sealing system and the cable, insulation. In this paper, introduced our cable transit organic expansion sealing material system, fire-resistance test and test result, etc. We carry to fire-resistance test in according to FTP Code Part 3(IMO Res. A. 754(18)) for A-60 class cable transit and the test result for our cable transit sealing system was satisfied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.132-136
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• 2007