• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2016

PURPOSE. Polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) materials, also called hybrid ceramics, are new materials in dental market. The manufacturer of the PICN material VITA Enamic suggests 3 different finishing procedures for this new material. In the present study, surface roughness and color differences caused from different finishing procedures of VITA Enamic were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 120 specimens were prepared in dimensions $2{\times}10{\times}12mm$ from VITA Enamic hybrid ceramic blocks with 'high translucency' and 'translucency 2M2' shades. The specimens were divided into 8 groups. For each group, different finishing procedures suggested by the manufacturer were performed. Surface roughness values were determined by a tactile portable profilometer. Color changes were evaluated using a clinical spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc comparison. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. RESULTS. The roughest surfaces were observed in Glaze Groups. Their surface roughness values were similar to that of the control group. Clinical Kit and Technical Kit groups did not show a statistically significant difference regarding surface roughness (P>.05). The largest color difference regarding ${\Delta}E_{00}$ was observed in Clinical Kit finishing groups. There were also statistically significant color changes between the groups (P<.05). However, all the groups showed clinically acceptable color change (${\Delta}E_{00}$<2.25) except Clinical Kit Groups (${\Delta}E_{00}$>2.25). CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of the present study, it may be suggested that finishing the VITA Enamic restorations by Technical Kit instead of Glaze and Clinical Kit gives better clinical performance in regard to surface roughness and shade matching.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2012

This study analyzed metaphorical characteristics of composite materials in terms of a visual aspect on a new material that is applicable for housing space. The results are as follows. First, the recent trend of housing space tends to stimulate emotions of residents through visual finishing materials, and for this reason, visual expression of a new material that is applicable to finishing materials plays an important role. Second, convertibleness, association and duplicity were selected as items of metaphorical expressions through the precedent studies. Third, most of combinations of materials were shown different from the existing materials in an expressive characteristic of composite materials through analysis, and application of a technology showed a different visual effect of patterns and textures from the existing materials. This implies that visual expression and directing are being attempted using such technology on finishing materials of housing space with development of digital technologies. Fourth, for metaphorical characteristics of composite material for housing space, combination of various materials and a digital technology were applied on convertibleness. For association, a combination of materials that have each different characteristic associated with the third material, and combination with subsidiary material of optical fiber and a digital technology were appled for duplicity. Data obtained from the results of this study has high efficiency in planning finishing materials for emotional housing space in future, and it will be basic data for a study on development of new finishing materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.83-86
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• 1997

Even as many methods and technologies have been introduced on data generation, parts orientation and layer slicing to acquire the rapid prototyping(RP) parts that have useful surface to satisfy customers' needs such as stylingldesign verification directionlindirect tooling directly from the RP machine, these trials continue to suffer from the surface roughness due to the build characteristics of RP technology. A new postprocess finishing method is suggested in this paper to overcome the surface roughness problem on the surface of the RP parts. To prevent deterioration of dimensional accuracy from the conventional grinding-only, and coating-grinding methods, 4-step surface finishing process is applied. To satisfy the various requirements from the RP oriented industrial f elds, effective procedure, coating material, grmd~ng tools and methods are employed.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.981-985
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• 2008

Construction company's role is getting bigger recently because of interest of indoor air quality problem. The using environment-friendly building finishing material is the most benefit method to reduce pollutants in house. It is confirmed the actual condition of environment-friendly building finishing material such as wallpapers, wooden flooring boards, glues, paints, adhesives, plaster boards that are used the work of apartment construction in 2006-2007. It shows that environment-friendly materials have excellent grade mostly, general materials have pass I, pass II grade mostly and are high TVOC emission.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.71-76
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• 2012

As reviewed of developments of Korean earth architecture, earth-made buildings have been dwindled gradually since "the new community movement" and earth have been recognized as materials which are not so good to human health and in result, earth-related techniques have been also forgotten. However, recently the earth architecture has been more attracting back many attentions thanks to the people who are interested in health and wellbeing and the earth related techniques or skills got keenly required. The present study has investigated and reproduced earth finishing materials which are based on natural materials as basic stuffs to use them as the finishing materials of the modern earth architecture. For the test, the finishing materials have been divided roughly into sorts of pastes and oils. In case of applying finishing materials onto earth surfaces, the moisture permeability test was conducted to measure a water-absorbing speed, and at the case of using finishing materials for interior works moisture adsorption/desorption test was performed to verify the indoor humidity regulation ability, and further a test to check whether to be stained when contacted with the finishing materials, was conducted. If there is not any stain it might be recognized to be high quality of moisture adsorption/desorption and so seaweed pastes or starches might be used for paste finishing materials and for natural oils, beans are desirable in practical ways. As low-quantity of moisture adsorption materials, linseed oil is most desirable and also beaned water over75% are thought to be useful.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.775-778
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• 2000

Magnetorheological Finishing(MRF) is a newly developed and recently commercialized for finishing optical components. The magnetorheological fluid consists of a water based suspension of carbonyl iron, nonmagnetic polishing abrasives, and small amounts of stabilizer. Theoretical analysis of MRF, based on Bingham lubrication theory, is illustrated and a correlation between surface shear stress on the workpiece and material removal is obtained.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

This study aimed to understand the importance of applying finishing materials into interior space, and to add meaning to the creation of functional space, associated interior finishing materials with brain science. To achieve this purpose, brainwave(EEG) experiment was conducted. The brainwave appearing when sensing the surface of interior finishing materials with hands was measured. The locations of the electrode were FP1, FP2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2, F7, F8, T3, T4, T5, T6, CZ, FZ, and PZ and in addition to these, AFZ was added. Eight(8) kinds of finishing materials: metallic material, film paper, lumbar, stone, glass, silk wallpaper, fabric, and paint were used to measure '${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$ wave.' As a result, it was found that the most activated finishing material in term of relaxation was film paper, followed by metallic, glass, paint, fabric, stone, lumbar, and silk wallpaper. To explain in light of this, (1) '${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$ wave' was the most activated at ch1-FP1 and ch2-FP2, and at ch17-AFZ and ch19-FZ, which indicated that metopic-prefrontal lobe showed the highest activation in relaxation. Film paper, among the finishing materials, showed the highest increase in relaxation. (2) In general, '${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$ wave' relaxation was inhibited at ch13-T3 and ch14-T4, and at ch15-T5 and ch16-T6 and the arousal in the temporal lobe was prominent. Silk wallpaper, among the finishing materials, showed the highest arounsal effect. As a result of measuring the superficial touch on the silk wallpaper, which was regarded as the most rough material among the eight finishing materials, the arousal effect of ${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$-wave, among the brainwave characteristics, was found to be the highest. (3) to judge from the scope of this experiment regarding the tactile sensation over the finishing materials, it is considered that the brainwave reaction sometimes appeared contrastive depending on whether the surface was smooth or rough and there also appeared a difference in relaxation and arousal reaction of the brainwave depending on whether the surface was hot or cold, but the sensation on the surface texture was often evaluated differently depending on who you were. For this reason, this study has some limitations.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2024

In the case of apartment building, it is difficult to conduct non-destructive testing due to the actual presence of people and the dust and noise generated during the core test, so inspections are performed each time in the common area and underground parking lot, and the tests are conducted on the finishing material rather than on the concrete surface due to low-cost orders. As the process progresses, poor inspection is inevitable. In addition, the proposed formulas for strength estimation have large fluctuations depending on the differences in test conditions and environments, and even if they show the same measured value, the deviation between each proposed formula is large, making it difficult to accurately estimate strength, making it difficult to use. Accordingly, we would like to select finishing materials mainly used in apartment complexes and compare and evaluate the compressive strength of concrete according to the type of finishing material by using non-destructive testing methods directly on the finishing materials without removing the finishing materials. The reliability evaluation results of the estimated compressive strength of concrete using the ultrasonic velocity method according to the type of finishing material are as follows. The error rate between the estimated compressive strength and compressive strength derived through the ultrasonic velocity method shows a wide range of variation, ranging from 21.83% to 58.89%. The effect of the presence or absence of finishing materials on the estimated compressive strength was found to be insignificant. Accordingly, it is necessary to select more types of finishing materials and study ultrasonic velocity methods according to the presence or absence of finishing materials, and to study estimation techniques that can increase reliability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2012

This study attempted to the effect on the physical performance of silane coupling agent on solventless epoxy-based concrete surface finishing material for parking floor. Tests were carried out in accordance with KS F 4041 and KS F 4937. The results of compressive strength, flexural compressive are 95.6N/㎟, 25.4N/㎟ and after wheel moving load testing, average abrasive depth is 0.96mm, these results satisfied the quality standard of KS F 4041, KS F 4937. As conclusion, this study confirmed that the silane coupling agent greatly effected on the physical performance of solventless epoxy resin.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.334-346
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• 2022

The manufacturing technique was studied through the structure and material characteristics of the walls and the painting layers of the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva mural of Geungnakjeon Hall, Daewonsa Temple. The mural is painted and connected to the earthen wall and the Junggit, and the wall is composed of wooden laths as a frame, the first and middle layers, the finishing layer, and the painting layer. The first layer, middle layer, and finishing layer constituting the wall were made by mixing weathered soil and sand. It was confirmed that the first layer had a high content of loess below silt, and the finishing layer had a high content of fine-sand and very fine sand. For the painting layer, a ground layer was prepared using soil-based mineral pigments, and lead white, white clay, atacamite, minium, and cinnabar (or vermilion) pigments were used on top of it. The Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva mural was confirmed to belong to a category similar to the soil-made buddhist mural paintings of Joseon Dynasty. However, it shows characteristics such as a high content of fine sand in the finishing layer and overlapping over other colors. Such material and structural characteristics can constitute important information for future mural conservation status diagnoses and conservation treatment plans.