• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.333-341
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• 2020

Since thermal paper is widely used in daily life such as convenience store receipts, lottery tickets and ATM receipts, it is important to develop fingerprints on thermal papers because it can be easily found in crime scenes. This study compared the ability of fingerprint development between vacuum metal deposition(VMD) and 1,2-indanedione(SOON-100) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of VMD, which some literatures have stated to be effective in thermal papers. As a result, in the case of SOON-100, clear ridges of fingerprints that enable individual identification were observed after an hour of deposition, although the fresh fingerprints were faint. In the case of VMD, the fingerprints gradually spread and the quality of the ridges deteriorated rapidly after 6 hours of deposition. This results is consistent with the principle of VMD. Considering the principles of VMD and the characteristics of the surface of thermal paper, VMD is not suitable for the development of potential fingerprints on the thermal paper.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.88-94
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• 2018

Fingerprints deposited on paper found at a fire scene are important evidence for determining a suspect's identity. On the other hand, because the temperature at the fire scene is very high, there are many difficulties in developing fingerprints. This study compared the effectiveness of ninhydrin, DFO, and silver nitrate to develop fingerprints deposited on paper exposed to high temperatures. Using a dry heat press, heat was applied to the paper at $200^{\circ}C$ for various times. Silver nitrate was found to be superior to the others under all conditions. Ninhydrin developed fingerprints weakly compared to DFO and silver nitrate. In addition, the sensitivity of DFO decreased with increasing exposure time. Therefore, it is recommended silver nitrate be used to develop fingerprints deposited on paper found at a fire scene.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

In general, three types of fingerprints could be found at the crime scene: visible, plastic, and latent fingerprints. Examples of visible fingerprint include those made by blood, paint or ink. Plastic fingerprint are made from an impression of the finger on soft material as soap, wax, etc. Latent fingerprint are those of the invisible one to the human eye. Oil-contaminated fingerprints remained in the evidence, that are contaminated with the soybean oil, engine oil, lubricating oil or grease. Oil-contaminated fingerprints are special types of fingerprint evidence but the research for developing method regarding oil-contaminated fingerprints is a few. In this study, ultraviolet light source was employed for untreated oil-contaminated prints and the freeze-dry method with liquid nitrogen for freeze oil residue on the surfaces with sequence of developing oil-contaminated fingerprints with black and magnetic powders, cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming, Basic Yellow 40. The types of oil chosen for the experiment were soybean oil, LSA oil, engine oil and material surfaces selected for the experiment were glass, plastic aluminum plates. The aims of this study were to determine the appropriate developing methods for oil-contaminated fingerprints.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.195-200
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• 2018

Researchers have used the visual criteria to compare the effectiveness of fingerprint enhancement techniques. However, since the visual criteria is subjective, bias can occur. Therefore, many researchers have tried to make the criteria objective using the contrast index (CI). However, there is a constraint that the CI was only validated on inked fingerprints or color-change fingerprints. In this study, we compared enhancement of fluorescence fingerprints on colored papers using the CI. The CI values differ according to the color of the background, reagent, and light source, even though the same standard fingerprints were used. Through the comparison of values, we could compare the enhancement of fluorescence fingerprints according to these factors. When visual evaluation criteria were used, the same peak score was obtained regardless of the reagent and light source. However, we could get a more detailed score comparison in this study using the CI. Therefore, it is confirmed that for comparison of enhancement of fluorescence fingerprints, the CI can be used as a basis for determining which light source and reagent are appropriate according to the background.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-99
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• 1998

1. Background : Sasang Constitutional Medicine divides mankind into Taeyangin(太陽人), Taeumin(太陰人), Soyangin(少陽人) and Soeumin(少陰人) according to appearance, moral nature and characteristic of constitutional symptoms, and it is a medical science to study about different treatment for each constitution. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine, diagnosis of constitution was so important that we had the necessity of studying constitutional diagnostic method which had presented wholly and intuitively in Dongyi Soose Bowon(東醫壽世保元) with objective and analytic thinking. There were several attempts to classify Sasang Constitutional Types through morphological investigation of each parts of body. The one of them was to use measuring the body. In this study, we purposed to make clear whether the analysis of fingerprints and palm, one of the physical anthropologic methods would be helpful to classify Sasang Constitution. 2. Method : After practicing Questionnaire I and QSCC(Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution) II from 347 healthy Korean adults(242 males and 106 females), we analyzed fingerprints and palm prints of 208 people(142 males and 66 females) who were classified same constitution from two questionnaires. We analyzed the types of fingerprints according to the number of triradius and counted the number of dermal ridges from fingerprint center to triradius. We found triradius in the lower part of each finger and analyzed the courses of dermal ridges and counted the number of dermal ridges between each triradius. We mesured angle atd, and then researched relationship between fingerprints, palm prints and Sasang Constitution. 3. Result and Conclusion : The results of Sasang Constitution analysis of 208 Korean adults showed 76 Taeumin(36.5%), 81 Soeumin(39.0%) and 51 Soyangin(24.5%). The analytic results of fingerprints and palm prints are as follows : The types of fingerprints were helpful to sort Taeumin and the types of palm prints were helpful to sort Soyangin and Soeumin especially. In addition, the number of dermal ridges in fingerprints and palm prints were helpful to sort Soyangin. Fingerprints and palm prints have characteristic in each constitutions, so the investigation of fingerprints and palm prints seems to helpful to classify Sasang Constitution. We are planning to report fingerprints and palm prints of more subjects.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

Fingerprints are increasingly used for user authentication in small devices such as mobile phones. Therefore, it is important for Fingerprint authentication systems in personal devices to protect the user's fingerprint information while performing efficiently with a lightweight matching algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new method to extract strong minutiae with unique numbers from fingerprint images. Strong minutiae are at all times obtained from fingerprint images, and can be useful for secure and rapid fingerprint authentication. The binary information of strong minutiae of a fingerprint can be transformed securely and can create cancelable fingerprint templates. Also the bit-strings of strong minutiae decrease computing time necessary for the matching procedure between two fingerprints due to the simplicity of bitwise operations. First, we enroll several fingerprints images of a finger. From these images we select a reference fingerprint and put a number on each minutia. Following this procedure, we search for mated-minutiae between the reference fingerprint and other fingerprints one by one. Finally we derive unique numbers of strong minutiae of the finger. In the experiment with the FVC2004 fingerprint database, we show that using the proposed method, strong minutiae can be extracted successfully.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.176-183
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• 2013

We propose a rolled fingerprint merging algorithm that effectively merges plain fingerprints in consecutive frame units that are fed through rolling and detects more fingerprint minutiae in order to increase the fingerprint recognition rate. The proposed rolled fingerprint merging algorithm uses a adaptive projection mask; it contains a detector that separates plain fingerprints from the background and a projection mask generator that sequentially projects the detect ed images. In addition, in the merging unit, the pyramid-shaped projection method is used to detect merged rolled fingerprints from the generated variable projective mask, starting from the main images. Simulations show that the extracted minutia e are 46.79% more than those from plain fingerprints, and the proposed algorithm exhibits excellent performance by detecting 52.0% more good fingerprint minutiae that are needed for matching.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.32B no.6
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• pp.909-921
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• 1995

The objective of this paper is to develop an algorithm for a real-time automatic fingerprint recognition system. The algorithm employs the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in determining the directions of ridges in fingerprint images, and utilizes statistical information in recognizing the fingerprints. The information used in fingerprint recognition is based on the dircetions along ridge curves and characteristic points such as core points and delta points. In order to find ridge directions, the algorithm applies the FFT to a small block of the size 8x8 pixels, and decides the directions by interpreting the resulted Fourier spectrum. By using the FFT, the algorithm does not require conventional preprocessing procedures such as smoothing, binarization, thinning, and restorationl. Finally, in matching two fingerprint images, the algorithm searches and compares two kinds of feature blocks, one as the blocks where the dircetions cannot be defined from the Fourier spectrum, and the other as the blocks where the changes of directions become abrupt. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on a SunSparc-2 workstation under the Open Window environment. In the experiment, the proposed algorithm has been applied to a set of fingerprint images obtained by a prism system. The result has shown that while the rate of Type II error - Incorrect recognition of two different fingerprints as the identical fingerprints - is held at 0.0%, the rate of Type I error - Incorrect recognition of two identical fingerprints as the different ones - is 2.2%.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2320-2324
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• 2012

A novel approach for metabolite extraction and fingerprinting was introduced based upon the nano-baskets and emulsion liquid membrane-nuclear magnetic resonance (ELM-NMR) technique. The objective of this method is optimizing the fingerprints, minimizing the metabolic variation from analysis, increasing the likelihood differences, and obtaining the maximum extraction yield. Low molecular weight metabolites in rat serum were recovered by ELMs using 12 nano-baskets of calixarene, as both emulsifier and carrier. The yields of ELMs were optimized by the method of one-at-a-time. According to NMR data, the maximum metabolic variation was achieved using scaffold 4 (4 wt %), n-decane membrane, stirring rate of 300 rpm, treat and phase ratios of 0.3 and 0.8, respectively. The results revealed that some calixarenes tend to extract non-specific macromolecules; and repeatability of fingerprints for 7-mediated ELM was maximum and for 3-mediated ELM was minimum. The yield of extractions was obtained to be higher for n-decane and lower for carbon tetrachloride. Among different membranes, the fingerprints by chlorinated liquid membranes were more repeatable than using toluene or n-decane.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1457-1461
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• 2013

The $Fe_3O_4$-core and Ag-shell ($Fe_3O_4@Ag$ nanoeggs) were prepared through the encapsulation of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-coated magnetite nanoparticle in nano-Ag shell by a simple chemically controlled procedure. The $Fe_3O_4@Ag$ nanoeggs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectrum and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer, respectively. A detailed analysis is provided of how the hydrolysis and condensation of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the pH value are vital in fabricating the $Fe_3O_4@Ag$ nanoeggs. The prepared $Fe_3O_4@Ag$ nanoeggs possessed uniform size, improved monodispersity, stability against aggregation and high magnetization, which were utilized for the detection of latent fingerprints deposited onto different surfaces. The experimental results showed that the latent fingerprints developed with the $Fe_3O_4@Ag$ nanoeggs powders exhibited excellent ridge details with minimal background staining.