• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.741-762
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• 2003

Ginsenosides, the major active ingredients of ginseng, show a variety of biomedical efficacies such as anti-aging, anti oxidation and anti-inflammatory activities. To understand the effects of compound K (20-O-D-glucopyranosyl-20 (S)-protopanaxadiol), one of the major metabolite of ginsenosides on the skin, we assessed the expression level of ∼ 100 transcripts in compound K-treated HaCaT cells using cDNA microarray analysis. Compound K treatment induced differential expression of 21 genes, which have been reported to be involved in the organization of ECM structure as well as defense responses in human skin cells. One of the most interesting findings is 2-fold increase in hyaluronan synthase2 (HAS2) gene expression by compound K. We found that change in expression of HAS2 gene represents a specific response of HaCaT cells to compound K because hyaluronan synthase 1, 3 was not changed by treatment with compound K. We also demonstrated that the compound K effectively induced hyaluronan synthesis in human skin cells and hairless mouse skin. The human clinical study indicates that topical application of compound K-containing oil-in-water emulsion showed improvement of xerosis, wrinkle and fine lines in the aged skin. We concluded that compound K has anti-aging effects by the induction of HAS2 gene expression and following hyaluronan synthase.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2014

Plant breeders have focused on improving plant architecture as an effective means to increase crop yield. Here, we identify the main-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant shape-related traits in rice (Oryza sativa) and find candidate genes by applying whole genome re-sequencing of two parental cultivars using next-generation sequencing. To identify QTLs influencing plant shape, we analyzed six traits: plant height, tiller number, panicle diameter, panicle length, flag leaf length, and flag leaf width. We performed QTL analysis with 178 $F_7$ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of japonica rice line 'SNU-SG1' and indica rice line 'Milyang23'. Using 131 molecular markers, including 28 insertion/deletion markers, we identified 11 main- and 16 minor-effect QTLs for the six traits with a threshold LOD value > 2.8. Our sequence analysis identified fifty-four candidate genes for the main-effect QTLs. By further comparison of coding sequences and meta-expression profiles between japonica and indica rice varieties, we finally chose 15 strong candidate genes for the 11 main-effect QTLs. Our study shows that the whole-genome sequence data substantially enhanced the efficiency of polymorphic marker development for QTL fine-mapping and the identification of possible candidate genes. This yields useful genetic resources for breeding high-yielding rice cultivars with improved plant architecture.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

The modal analysis was carried out for the total of 216 subface sediments of southern continental shelf of Korean peninsula. Sandy mud or muddy sand distributed in the range of 70∼100 m water depth revealed the bimodal type (sand and mud components). The relations of textural parameters obtained from every modal were consistent with those of shallow marine sediments. The characteristics of sand component between bimodal were as follows: (1) the distributions of mean grain size, sorting, shell content were repeatedly distributed like the directions of depth contour lines. (2) Sand component was composed of medium to fine sand (Mz, 1-3$\psi$) containing many shell fragments, a few pebbles, and iron-stained quartz. (3) The surface of quartz revealed the concordial breakage and V-shaped features formed at high energy environment. (4) In CM-pattern, sand component was plotted in rolling and bottom suspension area. These characteristics imply that sand component probably derives from shoreface sediments deposited at the beach environment.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.221-229
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• 2003

Ten multivoltine female parental lines were crossed with popular bivoltine male silkworm breed NB$_4$D$_2$. Three types of heterosis parameters viz., heterosis over mid-parental value (hybrid vigour), heterobeltiosis (useful heterosis) and standard heterosis (standard check) were estimated for 15 economically important quantitative traits. The interaction among the hybrids and parents indicated significant effect for maximum characters. The heterotic effect of new hybrid combination was compared with popular hybrids viz., Pure Mysore${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ and Nistari${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$. Varied heterotic effect was observed for different traits for different hybrid combination. The results inferred that the crosses viz., BL$_{23}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ ranked top for 14 traits followed by Hosa Mysore${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 11 traits; PA$_{12}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 9 traits; BL$_{24}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 8 traits; Kolar Gold${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 7 traits; WAI$_1$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 6 traits and MU$_{11}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for 5 traits. Among these, the best hybrids Kolar Gold${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ and MU$_{11}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ were identified for longer filament length and fine denier. Similarly for higher cocoon yield and silk productivity BL$_{223}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ and BL$_{24}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ were found to be superior. These hybrid combinations are suitable for commercial exploitation at large scale.e.e.e.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.117-121
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• 2006

Virgin bleached kraft pulp, CPO (computer printout) and white ledgers are main raw materials used in tissue mills. The utilization rate of recycled fibers and virgin pulp in South Korea tissue industry are 90% and 10%, respectively. To improve brightness of printing grades the use of 'fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs)' or 'optical brightening agents (OBAs)' has been increased. When recycling these papers for tissue production, it is unavoidable that FWAs contained in recycled papers flow into tissue production lines and remain in the products. And this draws great attention from the public. This study was carried out to develop a technology for the removal of fluorescent whitening agents from recycled fibers. Enzymatic removal of FWAs was evaluated as a method to remove FWAs from the recycled fiber. The ${\alpha}-amylase$ that degrades starched used for surface sizing of fine papers and contained substantial condition is needed to prevent the re-adsorption of FWAs on fibers. The temperature of pulp suspension was another important factor affecting on FWA removal. The higher the temperature, the greater the efficiency of removing FWAs was obtained. Optimum pH and temperature for the effective removal of FWAs were suggested to be pH 8.5 and $65^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzymatic removal of FWAs showed a great synergistic effect when proper control in pH and temperature was made.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.23-29
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• 2020

The soil structures settle down continuously under cyclic dynamic loading after opening railway lines. This study examined the characteristics of the settlement and stiffness of cement-treated soils with the change in the content of fines under cyclic dynamic loading. Eighteen cases of the test were carried out with the changes in the fines content of soils, cement content, and curing days. Based on the test results, cement-treated soils containing more than 3% of cement could decrease settlement sufficiently even with a high portion of fines under cyclic dynamic loading. In addition, the elastic and plastic settlements could be reduced using 3 to 4% cement to the level of 1/4 and 1/6, respectively. In the viewpoint of stiffness, the resilient modulus of cement-treated soils increases with increasing cement content. Using more than 3% of cement, the 80MPa compaction stiffness standard for the upper subgrade of railways was satisfied, even with 40% of fines content of soils.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.8-20
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• 2011

Atmospheric visibility is one of the indicators used to evaluate the status of air quality. Based on a conceptual definition of visibility as the maximum distance at which the outline of the selected target can be recognized, an image analysis technique is introduced here and an algorithm is developed for visibility monitoring. Although there are various measurement techniques, ranging from bulk and precise instruments to naked eye observation techniques, each has their own limitations. In this study, a series of image analysis techniques were introduced and examined for in-situ application. An imaging system was built up using a digital camera and was installed on the study sites in Incheon and Seoul separately. Visual range was also monitored by using a dual technology visibility sensor in Incheon and transmissometer in Seoul simultaneously. The Sobel mask filter was applied to detect the edge lines of objects by extracting the high frequency from the digital image. The root mean square (RMS) index of variation among the pixels in the image was substantially correlated with the visual ranges in Incheon and Seoul with correlations of $R^2$=0.88 and $R^2$=0.71, respectively. The regression line equations between the visual range and the RMS index in Incheon and Seoul were VR=$2.36e^{0.46{\times}(RMS)}$ and VR=$3.18e^{0.15{\times}(RMS)}$, respectively. It was also confirmed that the fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) have more impacts to the impairment of visibility than coarse particles.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.447-457
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• 2020

Mobility passengers with over four levels of autonomous driving are more likely to feel carsickness because they do not drive independently. Therefore study on how to prevent or mitigate carsickness are needed to ensure comfortable and productive moving experience of passengers. Therefore this study looked into prior researches on the causes and solutions of carsickness and conducted a survey on the specific situation of carsickness among the general public. Based on this preliminary study the four interaction guide lines for preventing and mitigating of carsickness were designed and validated by performing a CVT (Concept value test). The study have shown that people prefer auditory sense and somatic senses for response in carsickness. These current have been similar in CVT and I believe that specific interaction design proposals and validations will be needed in the future.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.575-580
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• 2017

Because moire artifacts overlap with fine lesions and frequency bands, image processing software that removes moire artifacts can lead to loss of micro lesions. In this study, microscopic lesions such as microcalcification and microfracture were randomly formed on SD (Sprague Dawley) rats and image and optimized grid images were compared and analyzed using reference image and grid suppression software. The images were read by two consecutive radiologists using a McNemar's test. Among the 73 microcalcifications, in the 13 cases after grid suppression, the image of the optimized grid shows the loss of image in 3 cases, and the image after grid suppression shows statistically significant image loss (p=0.021). In all 53 fracture lines, there were 19 cases of image loss after the grid suppression, and only one case of the optimized grid showed no image loss. Therefore, the use of grid suppression software to remove moire artifacts should be carefully considered in the diagnosis of micro lesions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.277.2-277.2
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• 2013

Petri dishes and glass slides have been widely used as general substrates for in vitro mammalian cell cultures due to their culture viability, optical transparency, experimental convenience, and relatively low cost. Despite the aforementioned benefit, however, the flat two-dimensional substrates exhibit limited capability in terms of realistically mimicking cellular polarization, intercellular interaction, and differentiation in the non-physiological culture environment. Here, we report a protocol of culturing embryonic rat hippocampal neurons on the electro-spun polymeric network and the results from examination of neuronal cell behavior and network formation on this culture platform. A combinatorial method of laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy and live-cell imaging technique was employed to track axonal outgrowth and synaptic connectivity of the neuronal cells deposited on this model culture environment. The present microfiber-based scaffold supports the prolonged viability of three-dimensionally-formed neuronal networks and their microscopic geometric parameters (i.e., microfiber diameter) strongly influence the axonal outgrowth and synaptic connection pattern. These results implies that electro-spun fiber scaffolds with fine control over surface chemistry and nano/microscopic geometry may be used as an economic and general platform for three-dimensional mammalian culture systems, particularly, neuronal lineage and other network forming cell lines.