• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2010

Korea was experienced more forest fire occurrence compared to an area. As a forest fire occurrence from man caused burning for a farming increased and was one of the main reasons of forest fire occurrence in Korea, agriculturist-was a main reason of forest fire occurrence-opinion analysis was needed for forest fire prevention from this reason. Therefore, we asked agriculturist who live in province frequently experienced a forest fire from the burning for farming to answer questions. In result, a half of the respondents have a burning experience for farming and the main reason of the burning was the clearance around farmlands. In result of survey about recognition rate of forest fire prevention policy (forest fire season, incineration inhibition within 100 m from forest, license system for burning, joint burning system by a rural community, imposing a fine for burning) was almost high except license system for the burning, In the result about analysis according to ages and provinces, the recognition rate was high in province experienced severe forest fire damage and low in below 40 years group. So, the direction of forest fire prevention policy would need to be mediated in the view of agriculturist who need to use a fire because of farming labor shortage and higher age. And a consolidated education of forest fire prevention would be needed to agriculturist who live in province experienced rarely forest fire and in below 40 years group.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of warming and precipitation manipulation on seasonal changes in fine root production (FRP) and fine root mortality (FRM) of 33-month-old Pinus densiflora seedlings for two years. The seedlings in warmed plots were warmed with $3.0^{\circ}C$ higher using infrared heaters. The air temperature of warmed (TW) plots was set to increase by $3^{\circ}C$ compared to temperature control (TC) plots, and the three precipitation manipulation consisted of precipitation decrease (-30%; PD), precipitation increase (+30%; PI) and precipitation control (0%; PC). FRP ($mm\;mm^{-2}\;day^{-1}$) was significantly altered by only precipitation manipulation (PC: 3.57, PD: 4.59, PI: 3.02), while warming had no significant effect on the FRP and FRM. Meanwhile, interactions between warming and precipitation manipulation and seasonal changes had no significant effects on FRP and FRM. However, the influences of seasonal changes in soil temperature and soil moisture on FRP and FRM were different according to warming. In TW plots, FRP showed a positive relationship with soil temperature, and FRM showed a negative relationship with soil moisture. On the other hand, in the TC plots, FRP showed a positive relationship with soil moisture, and there were no relationships between FRM and soil temperature and moisture. These results indicate that the climate factors that affect FRP and FRM might vary as the warming progresses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.454-461
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• 1999

The dynamics of root system in the fairy rings of Tricholoma matsutake was investigated in four zones divided into 'zone of decayed mycorrhizae', 'zone of mycorrhizae for fruiting', 'zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae' and 'zone of roots free from mycorrhizal infection'. The roots of Pinus densiflora in fairy rings, which occupied 70% of upper crown, comprised about 60% and 87% of total roots and alive roots, respectively. The ratio of fine-roots of P. densiflora over total roots was relatively higher than other species since that of P. densiflora was about 45% while that of the other species was about 13% on research of fine-roots. Especially, the roots of pine comprised about 70% of total root in the zone of mycorrhizae for fruiting and the zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae, which indicated that the pine roots were closely related to the fairy rings of T. matsutake. The fine roots of P. densiflora in the zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae was about 60.7%(1,087mg/100g soil) which was about twice compared to that of other zones. It allowed us to suppose that the fine roots of P. densiflora can make active growth in the zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae, and the growth was promoted by the fairy ring formation of T. matsutake. In addition, we found 3~5 times higher amount of fine roots than that of medium roots of P. densiflora in this zone, which indicated that the fairy rings of T. matsutake locate in the region of active growth of P. densiflora' roots.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.527-540
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• 2018

In this study, the characteristics of the white charcoal from charcoal kilns made for both charcoal production and thermotherapy and from the traditional charcoal kiln were compared and examined. A charcoal kiln for thermotherapy as a secondary purpose was made to minimize environmental problems such as fine dust and harmful gas generated from sealed charcoal kiln in consideration of comfort and safety. White Charcoal produced from the charcoal kiln for both charcoal production and thermotherapy had higher ash and volatile matter and lower fixed carbon than that from the traditional charcoal kiln. The density of the white charcoal produced from the charcoal kiln for both charcoal production and thermotherapy was slightly higher than that of the traditional one, but the equilibrium moisture content and pH were not significantly different. The calorific value, refinement degree, hardness and anatomical structure were not different between the two. It was concluded that the white charcoal produced from the advanced charcoal kiln for thermotherapy as a secondary purpose meets the quality certification standards of Korea Forest Research Institute.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2001

This study explored the background of contemporary furniture design called New Design furniture, which newly expresses the aesthetics of communication in the postmodern era. Qualitative conceptual analysis as the principle methodology was used to explore the background of the decorative and meaningful contemporary furniture in postmodernism. Thereby, the postmodern concepts of Charles Jencks, Robert Venturi, and Michael Graves were analyzed in terms of their postmodern architecture and furniture. As initiatives of postmodern architecture and furniture, Jencks, Venturi, and Graves explored the pluralism and eclecticism, the decoration, the semantics, and the materials reestablished from the traditions of craft. As a result, their furniture was expressed by various wood and color; the furniture was beautiful, decorative, pluralistic, and eclectic for communicating symbol, metaphor, narrative, and/or humor with people; the furniture has influenced the communicative elements on the contemporary furniture design called New Design furniture design, which shows the blurring of fine arts and craft distinctions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

Robinia pseudoacacia has become invasively naturalized in Japan. We investigated the role of sexual reproduction in the development of R. pseudoacacia riparian forests along the Chikumagawa River in Japan, by using five chloroplast (cpSSR) and seven nuclear (nSSR) markers. We identified eight chloroplast haplotypes and 147 nuclear genotypes from 619 R. pseudoacacia trees sampled in three plots (Plots A, B, and C) and along two line transects (Lines D and E). CpSSR analyses showed that multiple maternal lines were distributed along the river, and that some haplotypes from different populations overlapped. In addition, while Plots A and B were separated by a short distance, only these two plots exhibited genetic differentiation in the haplotypes. In the nSSR analysis, all pairwise $F_{ST}$ values among the three plots were significantly different from zero. Kinship analysis based on nSSR markers revealed that kinship connected many individuals to another individual from the same plot. These results indicate that seed dispersal near to mother trees contributes to the fine-scale genetic structure of R. pseudoacacia riparian forests. Our results indicate that sexual reproduction, in addition to asexual reproduction, is a major contributor to the fine-scale formation of R. pseudoacacia forests.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 1998

This research has been made for influence of forest environmental changes, such as tree-clearcutting affecting to soil chemical and physical properties, on water storage capacity at forest fire land in Keumsan, Chungnam. The analyzed factors were bulk density, porosity, field moisture saturated hydraulic conductivity air permeability and organic matter content, Field moisture saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability at uncutting sites were higher than those at clearcutting sites, especially the most differences were appeared at lower slope. After 2 years passed since forest fire, the most changeable parts of soil characteristics were 5-l5cm depth below soil surface. Total Porosity, coarse pore and fine pore at uncutting sites were higher than those at clearcutting sites. Also, as soil depth increased, total porosity and coarse pore were decreased. Bulk density at uncutting sites was lower than that at clearcutting sites, and was decreased as soil depth increased. The order of the change trend in field moisture saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability and porosity was slope lower>middle>upper. Organic matter content at uncutting sites were higher than those at clearcutting sites, and decreased as soil depth increased. As soil depth increased, bulk density had the positive correlation, in other hand, porosity, coarse pore, field moisture saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability and organic matter content had the negative correlation. It was concluded that forest environmental changes by forest fire degrade soil physical and chemical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.282-289
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• 2014

After being laminated with a combination of glass fiber reinforced plastic and plywood, the GFRP laminated plate was densificated for 1 hour at $150^{\circ}C$ with pressure of $1.96N/mm^2$. A partial reinforced beam was produced by attaching the 5 GFRP laminated plates to the joint of glulam and the column. In addition, the column to beam joint was produced by using reinforced laminated wooden pin which was made of GFRP sheet and plywood, fiber glass reinforced cylindrical-LVL column. The joint was made of round log, glulam and drift pin as the reference specimen, and its moment resistance was evaluated. As a result, the strength performance of specimens with partial reinforced beams were 1.8 times stronger than the reference specimen on average. Furthermore, rupture was neither occurred on partial reinforced beam nor column. Toughness and stiffness of joints were also fine. The GFRP sheet reinforced laminated plate showed better reinforcement effect than GFRP textile reinforced one. GFRP sheet was inserted into each layer of laminate, and it showed good condition in rotation-angle and strength, therefore it is the most appropriate to reinforce the part of the beam.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.9-23
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• 2006

Control particleboards were significantly higher in thickness swelling than wood particle-polypropylene fiber composites and their thickness swelling increased with the increase of target density. In the composites, thickness swelling did not vary significantly with the increase of target density but increased with the increase of wood particle content. And the composites with fine wood particles were significantly lower in thickness swelling than those with coarse wood particles irrespective of target density and formulation. In the scanning electron microscopy, significantly higher thickness swelling in the composites with coarse wood particles was thought to be the result of more interfacial separations by higher swelling stresses.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2001

Many applications in the areas of agricultural, hydrological and environmental resource management require data over very large areas and with a high imaging frequency - monitoring crop growth, water stress, seasonal wetland flooding and natural vegetation development. This precludes the use of fine resolution data (Landsat, Spot) on the grounds of cost, accessibility and low imaging frequency. Meteorological satellites have the potential to fill this need, given their very wide spatial coverage, and high repeat imaging. The Remote Sensing Unit (RSU) at the Zambia Meteorological Department routinely receives, processes and archives imagery from both Meteosat and NOAA AVHRR satellites. Here I wish to present some examples of applications of these data sets that arise from the RSU work - relationships between rainfall and vegetation development as assessed by satellite, derived information and seasonal patterns of flooding in the Barotse floodplain and the Kafue flats. I also wish to outline ways in which a more widespread use of this data by the Zambian institutions canbe achieved.