• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2022

The article is devoted to perfecting the system of management of the financial potential of transport enterprises. It is established that transport as an integral part of the state economy has to organically enter the market economy and provide sustainable transport services to national economy enterprises regardless of ownership, as well as ensure passenger transportation. It is also determined that in the conditions of market relations, transport highways must perform their functions with sufficient economic benefit to keep their material and technical resources in good order, conduct an investment policy with extensive use of scientific and technological progress, as well as a social policy guaranteeing the conditions for employees' motivated work. The study reveals an association between the financial and strategic goals of transport enterprises and the minimization of their economic risks, the prevention of bankruptcy and profit margin shortfalls. It is found that transport enterprises need to strive for the overall improvement of their financial potential through increasing the components of financial potential and assessing the impact of risk factors on them: the capacity of fixed assets, the capacity of financial resources, the capacity of services, and the capacity of credit opportunities. These are the elements of transport enterprises' financial potential that ensure its desired level. It is demonstrated that of critical importance in managing the financial potential of a transport enterprise is the role of financial resources, as a subject cannot reach the desired strategic goals without them.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.450-470
• /
• 2018

This study examined the risk components and risk types perceived in the context of purchasing decisions of paper fashion products. This study also identified the levels of perceived risk by consumers and the differences between age groups in risk perception. First, qualitative data were collected through a focus group interview with 7 Korean females in their 20s to 50s. The interviewees were presented with two types of paper materials (undyed and dyed Jumchi-Hanji) and products (bags and wallets) made with the papers. The interviewees mentioned 11 risk components which were classified into five types of risks: performance (easily torn/lack of durableness, lint/pilling/wear-out, lack of water-resistant, no washability, and deformation and discoloration over time), social-psychological (old and traditional image), aesthetic (lack of design diversity, unsatisfactory appearance due to repair), financial (expensive price, lack of usability in daily life) and time/convenience (difficulty in handling) risks. Based on the results of the interview, a measurement for evaluating the risk perception of paper fashion products was developed. Second, quantitative data were collected from 64 Korean women in their 20s to 50s using the measurement. Respondents who were presented with the paper materials and the products perceived the performance risk more strongly than the social-psychological risk and aesthetic risk. In addition, differences between age groups were found: younger respondents perceived performance risk and social-psychological risk more strongly than older respondents, but older respondents perceived financial risk more than younger respondents. Based on this study, strategies for the risk reduction of paper fashion products were proposed.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.123-140
• /
• 2022

In the ever-increasing online secondhand product market, the perceived risk of online used products purchase was identified as a factor influencing consumer purchase intention. The results of this study are as follows. First, the relationship between the perceived risk of online secondhand purchase and purchase intention was presented with somewhat different results for each sub-risk factor. First of all, a significant negative causal relationship between physical risk, time loss risk, psychological risk, social risk and online used product purchase intention was verified. On the other hand, financial risk and functional risk did not show a statistically significant relationship with online used products purchase intention. Second, as a result of research on the moderating effect of purchasing experience, offline purchasing experience of used products and online purchasing experience were verified differently. First of all, the moderating effect of the online purchase experience of used products was significant only in the relationship between psychological and social risks on the intention to purchase used products online. The experience of purchasing used products online is believed to reduce uncertainty about the surrounding response to purchasing used products online and weaken the intention to purchase used products online by reducing tension and concerns about purchasing them. Other risks, such as financial risk, performance risk, physical risk, time loss risk, and online purchase experience of used products, were verified to have no significant effect on online used products purchase intention. In addition, the offline purchase experience of used products did not verify a significant moderating effect on the effect of all perceived risks on online used product purchase intention.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.1-34
• /
• 2010

우리나라 코스닥 시장은 1996년 처음 생긴 이래 상당한 양적 성장은 해왔으나 투자자의 두터운 신뢰를 받지 못하는 실정이다. 건전한 기업을 발굴하여 육성하고 코스닥 시장이 투자자들에게 신뢰를 주기 위해서는 코스닥 상장기업의 정확한 가치평가와 기업 생존 가능성 평가는 매우 중요하지만 코스닥 기업을 대상으로 실패위험을 분석한 논문은 많지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 코스닥 상장 시 기업의 실패위험 결정요인을 조사하고 이 실패위험이 주가에 반영되는지 분석하였다. 신규상장 시 실패위험 결정요인은 신규상장기업의 특성인 주관등록사와 회계감사인의 명성, 공모가와 공모규모, 기업의 나이 등을 고려하여 분석하였다. 또한 신규상장 시 실패위험이 상장 후 주가성과와 관련되는지 분석하였다. 표본은 코스닥 상장 폐지된 기업 중 인터넷 기업을 제외하고 부실과 관련된 86개 실패 기업과 실패기업과 같은 산업에 속하는 569개 건전기업을 선정하여 연구에 사용하였다. 실패위험 결정요인 분석에는 로짓모형을 이용하였다. 연구결과는 신규상장 시 실패위험 결정요인은 신규상장기업의 특성인 공모규모, 회계감사인의 명성, 기업의 나이 등이 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재무레버리지는 실패위험에 유의한 영향을 주는 변수이지만 선행연구에서 유의한 변수로 지적된 기업규모나 수익성 변수는 실패위험에 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타나 신규상장 시 실패위험 분석에서는 신규상장기업의 특성을 반영하는 모형이 유효하다고 볼 수 있다. 신규상장시 실패위험과 상장 후 주가성과와의 관계 분석에서는 유의한 음(-)의 관련성이 나타나 비 인터넷기업의 실패위험이 주가에 반영된다고 해석할 수 있다. 코스닥 신규상장기업의 생존가능성이 낮은 편이며 정부의 각종 지원을 받는 벤처기업이 실패하는 경우 투자자들에게 극심한 손해를 끼칠 수 있고 나아가 경제에 악영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 본 연구의 결과는 정부의 규제당국이나 신용분석을 담당하는 실무자에게 상당한 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2018

Purpose - Consumers perceive various risks while using food service franchise stores. Food service franchise stores offer consumers not just menus, but services, physical environment, and prices, which can be perceived as risk to consumers. This means that consumer behavior in foos service franchise stores needs to be studied based on perceived risk theory. Perceived risk consists of performance risk, financial risk, social risk, psychological risk, and time risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of perceived risk on satisfaction and trust, and in turn affect loyalty. The results of this study will provide guidelines for marketers to develop strategies to reduce the perceived risk of consumers. Research design, data, methodology - In order to achieve research purposes, the authors developed several hypotheses. Data were through online survey through an online survey firm. A questionnaire survey was distributed to customers who have visited the restaurant in the past three months. The survey was conducted from March 5, 2017 to October 14, 2017. A total of 1,500 people were e-mailed and 260 were returned. A total of 245 items were used in the analysis except 15 of the questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results - The findings of this study are as follows: First, performance risk, economic risk, and psychological risk had negative effects on satisfaction. Social and time risks did not affect on satisfaction. Performance risk and time risk had negative impact on trust. Second, economic, social, and psychological risks did not affect trust, but satisfaction had significant positive effect on trust and loyalty. Third, satisfaction had positive effect on loyalty. Conclusions - The implications of this study are as follows. First, food service franchise marketers should increase their customer loyalty by establishing a risk reduction strategy. Second, there are various risks to customers visiting the store. Therefore, marketers need to analyze the perceived risks of customers. Third, it is also necessary to eliminate the perceived risks of customers. In addition, a restaurant franchise company needs to find a reasonable way to reduce the material cost and present a reasonable menu price.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.119-133
• /
• 2021

After 'Zhou Chuchu (走出去, Go global)' in the early 2000s, and with the 'One-to-One Road' initiative in 2012, China's Overseas Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has increased significantly, resulting in high academic interest. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of national risks of home country on China's OFDI by using data from 49 countries along the 'One-to-One Road' between 2007 and 2018, and to compare the factors of national risks that attract investment from the world. As a result of the study, market economy companies' perceptions of national risks are mostly negative, so risk acts as a deterrent to investment. On the other hand, national risks of home countries have had positive effects on China's OFDI, which would mean that Chinese investors, mostly state-owned enterprises have a high tendency to invest in regions or countries with high national risks. Other economic factors, such as the size of the investment partner country's market, GNI per capita, and trade openness, had a positive (+) effect, and natural resources had a negative (-) effect on China's OFDI. As dummy variables, FTA, which is an economic and diplomatic factor, SCO, which is a political and diplomatic factor, and bordering which is a geographical factor, were also found to have a positive (+) effect. This study implies the investment pattern of China's OFDI is due to the characteristics of China's unique geopolitical and economic system, and it is judged to be influenced by political and strategic factors, especially the aspects led by state-owned enterprises.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제39권
• /
• pp.143-175
• /
• 2008

The documentary letter of credit is the most preferred and frequently used method in International Payment System in Korea, as it has less possibility of occurring credit risks in export than any other payment system. That's because the exporter can get payment from the issuing bank(confirming bank) by delivering the goods and presenting documents following the required procedure under the letter of credit, as the payment is affirmed by the issuing bank(including the confirming bank in case of the confirmed letter of credit) regardless of the buyer's payment. However, the pattern of payment methods used in international trade of Korea is changing dramatically like the importance of the credit is decreasing continuously among the payment methods while the remittance is increasing. The increase of remittance has a positive aspect that International Payment System are changing into those of advanced countries, but the decrease of the credit also has a negative aspect that the exporter might have a greater credit risks. Therefore, we need a systematic device to deal with this. Exporters in Korea usually have used the export credit insurance to deal with the credit risks However, the export credit insurance also have a limitation as the policy finance due to the limitation based on the credit status of the business and the limitation of acceptance from the lack of financial resources of the government, etc. Korea, which is the 11th export power in the world, has a basic limitation to deal with the credit risks by depending on the export credit insurance only. So, in this thesis, I have studied on the international factoring, forfaiting, which are advanced export finances and widely used in advanced countries, as substitutes to deal with the credit risks. the international factoring is an trade financing in which a factor offers full services such as credit cover, offering prepayment, collection, account receivables, management, etc, instead of the exporter on the account receivables occurred by the exporter's delivering goods to the importer. This international factoring has a high possibility of using as a means to deal with the credit risks, because it offers prepayment without recourse. the forfaiting is another export financing in which a forfaiter purchases the draft, the promissory note and other negotiable instruments issued from the international trade, with fixed interest rate without recourse from the exporter or previous holder. By using this method, they can avoid foreign exchange risks, contingency risks as well as credit risks, as the conveyances like the promissory note, etc are issued with the note warranty so-called 'per aval' in business practice. These trade financing are good substitutes to deal with the credit risks in export, but they are not widely used in Korea. Though it can be explained with various reasons, the common reasons are the lack of understanding on the use of advanced export finance, the lack of experts to manage the advanced trade finance, the conservative way of thinking of domestic organizations related to trade financing, the lack of organizations supporting the trade financing, etc.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.481-490
• /
• 2010

The shock of melamine-contained food has been known with the incident of hospitalization or death of infants at the age of 11-month old in China. The purpose of this study was to examine consumers' risk perception, attitude and purchase behavior of melamine-contained food which recently came to the fore as a social issue, focusing on the relationship between consumers' attitude and purchase behavior based on physical risk, social risk, psychological risk, financial risk, consumers' attitude and purchase behavior. Study findings are as follows. First, the four factors of risk perception of melamine-contained food were significantly different by consumers. Consumers regarded social risk as most significant and it was followed by financial risk and psychological risk. And they regarded physical risk as most insignificant. Second, as for the difference of risk perception by demographic features, such factors as gender, age, marital status and schooling had no statistically significant influence. Third, the potential risk of melamine-contained food had a negative influence upon consumers' attitude and purchase behavior. In addition, consumers' attitude and purchase behavior were decided by perceived risks. This finding implies that consumers' attitude can accompany with negative or positive behavior and consumers' behavior can be related to social, financial and physical risks. Because the risk perception of melamine-contained food can cause consumers' distrust about all kinds of food in general, domestic manufacturers of milk product-contained confectionery and food can be harmed. In order to overcome this problem and make consumers purchase all the milk products and milk-contained food without fear, governmental agencies must reestablish systems with which the safety of imported raw materials and its processing can be insured and manufactures must improve the quality of products in a diverse and discriminative manner. This study seems to be meaningful in that it examined consumers' risk perception of melamine-contained food, a current social issue, and then looked into the influence of risk perception upon consumers" attitude and behavior, thus presenting the strategy of reestablishing the system of relationship between consumers and business entities in a desirable manner.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.1293-1308
• /
• 2014

2014년 카드사 개인정보유출 사고의 원인은 테스트시스템에서 원본 데이터가 사용되었기 때문이다. 금융감독원 전자금융감독규정과 금융회사 정보기술(IT)부문의 정보보호업무 모범규준에는 테스트시스템에서 고객을 식별하는 정보는 변환하여 사용하도록 규정하고 있다. 금융회사는 이 지침에 따라 고객식별정보를 변환한 데이터를 테스트시스템에 적재하여 사용한다. 하지만, 테스트 과정에서의 사용자 실수 또는 기술적, 관리적 보안의 미비 등으로 의도치 않게 실제 개인식별정보가 유입될 수 있으나, 이를 통제 및 관리하는 프로세스는 현재 연구된 바가 없고, 감독기관의 컴플라이언스 위반 가능성을 높이는 원인이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 테스트시스템의 변환 미확인 고객식별정보를 관리 및 통제함으로써 감독기관의 컴플라이언스 위반 가능성을 없애는 프로세스를 제시 및 실증하고, 그 효과성을 확인해 본다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.38-50
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 저금리 상태에서 부동산금융과 금융기관이 부동산 가격에 영향을 주는 구조를 파악함으로써, 익스포저의 이연에 따른 잠재 위험 확대란 관점에서 금융기관이 부담하게 되는 위험을 밝히는 데 주목적이 있다. 이를 위해 부동산금융을 위험관리 측면에서 자금조달 방식과 가치 측정의 유형에 따라 분류하여 각 사례에 대해서 분석한다. 분석 결과, 수익형 부동산의 경우 자본환원율(이하 Cap Rate)을 하락시켜 공정가치의 산출방식에 직접 영향을 미침으로써 부동산 가격 상승에 영향을 주고, 비수익형 부동산의 경우 투자자 또는 금융기관의 레버리지 폭을 확대시킴으로써 부동산 가격 상승에 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 사례 분석을 통해 최근 10여 년간 지속적으로 부동산 가격이 상승하고 있는 것은 금융시장의 선진화에 따른 부동산금융의 성장, 10여 년간 이어져 온 저금리 기조의 지속 등의 환경 하에 금융기관의 손실을 막기 위한 잠재 부실의 이연 등이 그 원인의 일부라고 판단되며, 이는 금융기관이 부담해야 할 위험의 증가로 연결된다.