• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting financial satisfaction of rural housewives. Data for this study were collected from 202 households living in 8 provinces. The results were as follows; 1) The most frequent financial problems experienced from expenditures on clothes(82.1%), lack of expense for social intercourse (61.47), and difficulty in purchasing durable goods(60.1%) in the order. 2) 44.6% of the respondents said they were satisfied with their net worth, and 21.6% of them confessed they had difficulties in debt redemption while 52.5% of them said they felt pressure about monthly payments of installments, which reveals that farm households find it hard to pay back short-term debt. 3) The path analysis was adopted to see the causal relations among the variables influenced the financial satisfaction. The variables of experiences of economic problems, educational background(graduated from middle school), saving, income, and age appeared to be important in the order of effectiveness. Among them, the variables of saying and experiences of economic problems showed a direct effect, and those of age and saving displayed an indirect effect with the experiences of economic problems as the parameter. From this findings, it is suggested that rural extension workers and educators should emphasize the importance of the financial plan in their educational programs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.22-32
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• 2004

Private universities are going through difficulties in improving facilities for the disabled students due to financial reasons. Extension elevators, grips on both sides of the hallways for the visually disabled, handrails on the walls of ramps and stairs in the existing building, and improvement of the dormitory chambers are some items of such facilities in this analysis of MyongJi University. Hence, financial support based on the long-term plans and evaluations from the National Treasury to private universities with financial stringencies, will be a critical promotion in appropriating educational budgets and executing corresponding funds. This will eventually bring equal development of educational welfare for the disabled students among national, public, and private universities.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.603-610
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• 2017

This study was to explore perceived difficulties from before entrance into physical education in graduate school of education to before graduation. Participants were PETE graduate students in Seoul and Gyeonggi province and survey was used to collect data. Among 100 copies of data, 95 copies had been used for actual data processing. Frequency analysis was conducted by using SPSS 21.0. The results are as follows. First, participants had trouble in financial difficulty before entering graduate school, but the financial difficulty was considered normal by other new difficulties. Second, much time spent for graduate school of education was considered one of biggest difficulties, but the burden of curriculum was relatively low. Third, anxiety about future career that started from before entering graduate school lasted until graduation. Fourth, lack of knowledge was considered as one of biggest troubles before graduation. Conclusively, physical education in graduate schools need to develop career education as well as evaluation system for the qualitative growth.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 1998

A position of small and medium size business is increasing in the national economic. On the other hand, there are many difficulties in the small and medium size business. The most difficult problem is the financial supply for the small and medium size business. This study is analzing the financial stability ratios of the small and medium size business in comparision with financial ratios of a large enterprise and industrial average ratio. As the result, the degree of financial stability ratio of small and medium size business is lower than industrial standard ratio. While the degree of financial stability and liquidity ratios of the small and medium size business is higher than industry average ratio. the degree of dependence of borrowing of the small and medium size business is lower. Therefore, it is necessary for nation and administration organization to supply financing for the small and medium size business.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.217-223
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the restructuring strategies that are selected according to the corporate life cycle and to provide evidence that restructuring strategies that are chosen when firms face financial difficulties can have a positive impact on corporate restructuring. This study is logistic regression analysis of 3,593 samples of companies listed on Korea Exchange from 2001 to 2016. The results of this study show that a company that is growing through the expansion of its size and investment can overcome the financial difficulties of the company. And this study finds evidence that the declining firms use the capital increase or debt issuance to revive the corporate regeneration. The results of this study suggest that it is important to consider the life cycle at the time of corporate restructuring and select the appropriate strategy accordingly.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.286-288
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• 2003

Accidents at level crossing where railways and roads cross cause many casualties because of collision of cars etc and it also has a risk of the 2nd accident of trains. it is the most vulnerable point in the railway safety. Fundamental solution for accidents at level crossing is making the crossings cubic. but it can't be easily progressed because of environmental and financial difficulties. every kind of anti-accident measures are being strived for. one of the strived results is level crossing obstacle detector which automatically detects obstacles like defected cars etc in the middle of level crossing and transmits the information of obstacles to the approaching train. However present level crossing obstacle auto detector needs high expenses to be installed and has difficulties that lenses of beam transmitter, beam receiver should be cleaned in snowing winter. this document reviews level crossing obstacle auto detector using ultrasonic sensor to measure these difficulties.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.329-336
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• 2016

The overall purpose of this paper is to conduct research on alternatives for strengthening the competitiveness of a state-run shipping company, Vinalines Corporation, the largest shipping and maritime enterprise in Vietnam. The first section of the introduction gives a panoramic overview of the current development situation of the Vietnam maritime industry and Vinalines. After summarizing a literature review in section 2, some alternatives are proposed in sections 3 and 4 to overcome the current difficulties of Vinalines and to improve the corporation's competitiveness for sustainable development by utilizing linear optimization and financial analysis. The final section presents a summary and recommendation for future study. It is concluded that privatization is the key solution for every problem faced by the corporation at present. Furthermore, modification of laws, restructuring of enterprise governance, financial situation, and fleet are also extremely necessary.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.285-309
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• 2019

Unlike the popular belief, digital transformation mainly gets stymied by legal and regulatory issues related with legacy institutions in Asia rather than technical difficulties. The real challenges triggered by the PSD2 (Payment Services Directive 2) are how the region would overcome the overly fragmented, centralized, and hierarchical legacy framework to allow necessary changes to respond to the digital single market initiatives as promulgated by the European counterpart. The PSD2 is expected to bring about substantial changes in the payment ecosystem by allowing payment service providers to access customers' accounts and transactions information via API that have been traditionally controlled by banks. This paper suggests an incentive-compatible mechanism design for open collaboration among legacy institutions in the region to help them adapt to the PSD2. As evidenced by case studies in Korea, the Asian equivalent of PSD2 can be implemented and further expanded to create region-wide PCS (payment-clearing-settlement) network by reconnecting the dots of legacy infrastructures. These decentralized, diverse, small payment networks can be further combined with the expanded RTGS-CDS platform to evolve into the next phase of Asian Financial Network.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.127-138
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is assess the perspectives of residents in apartment complexes regarding the 'Projects to Promote Community Activities' publicly implemented by the Seoul Metropolitan City since 2011 to derive necessary suggestions thereof. For this purpose, community leaders in the 7 apartment complexes selected as leading communities of 2015 were interviewed to determine the application process for participation in such projects and the issues associated with the operation of respective community activities. In addition, 159 residents living in these apartment complexes were surveyed to assess the respective community activities along with changes in the sense of community and community consciousness. The subjects selected for the survey conducted through prepared questionnaires rendered positive assessment(3.82~4.09) on the effects of participation in community activities and in such programs with a higher level of the sense of community. The leaders of community activities also provided positive assessments regarding the projects financially supported by the local government that consequently promoted community activities to the extent they desired. However, the community leaders experienced and appealed difficulties in preparing financial reports according to administrative requirements together with the timing of financial appropriation. They also reported difficulties in preparing a sufficient pool of instructors to cultivate the capabilities of professional community planners.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2015

Unlike daily hassles or minor stressors, immigration is an intense life event that may cause excessive stress. In particular, immigrant parents find themselves in a more stressful situation in that they experience stresses caused by immigration and stresses caused by parenting at the same time. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate an Immigrant Parental Stress Inventory (IPSI), that objectively and comprehensively assesses the stress experienced by immigrant parents within the Korean context. Based on the Immigrant Parental Stress Inventory developed within the American context, preliminary items were refined through a literature review and the discussions of experts and immigrant parents and were empirically validated with a sample of 203 immigrant parents residing in Korea. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, six main factors were identified (Factor1 Difficulties in communication, Factor2 Financial difficulties, Factor3 Difficulties in social adjustment, Factor4 Social discrimination, Factor5 Lack of social resources, Factor6 Difficulties in parenting). The IPSI was shown to be a psychometrically sound instrument that is capable of measuring immigrant parental stress within the Korean context. Social service professionals and researchers studying or working with immigrant families could use the IPSI to examine immigrant parental stress.