• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.222-228
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• 2023

There are two categories of online crimes related to children and adolescents: those committed by adolescents and those committed against children and adolescents. While recent trends in criminal law show consensus on strengthening punishment in cases of crimes against children and adolescents, there are mixed stances in cases of juvenile delinquency. One perspective emphasizes strict punishment, whereas the other emphasizes dispositions aligned with human rights. While various forms of online crime share the commonality in that the main part of the criminal act occurs online, they can be categorized into three types: those seeking financial gain, those driven by sexual motives, and those engaged in bullying. Among these, crimes driven by sexual motives are the most serious. Second-hand trading fraud and conditional (sexual) meeting fraud fall under the category of seeking financial gain and occur frequently. Crimes driven by sexual motives include obscenity via telecommunication, filming with discrete cameras, child and adolescent sexual exploitation material, fake video distribution, and blackmail/coercion using intimate images/videos ("sextortion"). These crimes lead to various legal issues such as whether to view vulgar acronyms or body cams that teenagers frequently use as simple subcultures or crimes, what criteria should be applied to judge whether a recorded material induces sexual desire or shame, and at what stage sexual grooming becomes punishable. For example, sniping posts, KakaoTalk prisons, and chat room explosions are tricky issues, as they may or may not be punished depending on the case. Particular caution should be exercised against the indiscriminate application of a strict punishment-oriented approach to the juvenile justice system, which is being discussed in relation to online sexual offenses. In the punishment case of online crime, juvenile offenders with a high potential for future improvement and reform must be treated with special consideration.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.15-22
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• 2012

A study on America Police-Private Security Partnership in Business Improvement Districts, Special Event Safety and Security, Community Policing, Alarms, Investigations, Electronic and Financial Crimes Investigations. Many Police-Private Security Partnerships have significantly changed how policing is done with respect to field operations, particularly patrol and access control. Some areas in which these collaborations have produced notable results are described here.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.908-915
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the types of fraudulent crimes among various crimes taking place during NFT transactions, and to approach institutional problems caused by crime types analysis and crackdown methods and legal limitations. Method: IIn order to classify the types of fraudulent crimes that appear in NFT transactions, the crime types were analyzed through the results of previous studies and cases of current incidents. Result: Most of the crimes that are taking place through NFTs are various types of fraudulent crimes such as rug pools, thefts, personal information theft fraud, and pig murder. Therefore, these types were classified and various damage cases were also analyzed. It is a matter of copyright. Conclusion: Currently, the financial problems caused by the occurrence of fraudulent crimes in NFTs worldwide are the most worrisome, and the scale will be even greater as the market grows in the future. Therefore, in Korea, various institutional supplements and policies should be prepared through analysis of crime types that can affect crime prevention and investigation and arrest activities.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.93-108
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• 2003

As Electronic Commerce is popularized, crimes related to Electronic Commerce are also increasing, Electronic shopping malls and payment gateways focus their attention on network security of payment information or the sizes of encryption keys, In real world, however, the payment-related crimes in electronic shopping malls are not based on the security hole of encryption mechanism of the payment systems, but on the customers carelessness or the insecurity of server systems of merchants or financial institutes. So, this research analyzes the structure of current electronic payment systems, investigates the payment-related crimes, addresses the structural problems of the Korean electronic payment systems, and suggests an alternative general architecture for secure payment systems by incorporating the concept of separation of order information and payment information.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.3-24
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• 2015

Crimes must be reduced not only because of the financial, physical, and emotional damages they bring to the victims but also because crimes increase social costs by elevating distrust in society and instilling fear. With the increasing number of crimes in Korea, finding other factors that affect the occurrence of crimes is needed beyond the current viewpoint for crime analysis. Social support factors can be candidates for studies on the social support effect on crime occurrence in their initial stage. In this study, we identified the effect of social support factors on crime occurrence or deterrence, none of which has been considered important until now, given the emergence of spatial econometrics. The resulting Moran's I values revealed the existence of a spatial autocorrelation in all three crimes: heinous crimes, theft, and violence. As shown in the analysis using spatial econometrics and ordinary least squares, social support from families is significant in reducing all crimes especially violence. Social support from the local government is significant in preventing only theft. The spatial econometrics model is only valid in heinous crimes. These different effects of social support factors and spatial factors on crime occurrences are caused by the different characteristics of crimes. Hence, policymakers should consider the social support effect when they establish policies related to social housing or welfare.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

Recently, security softwares are the program that is to protect the users from hackers in using electronic financial services. However heackers commit financial crimes to extort asserts using known hacking skills. In our paper, we analyse vulnerability that can be used to hook financial information in user application area and explain end-to-end encryption which is able to be provided by interacting keyboard security program and PKI application program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.256-262
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• 2016

A cyber crime has been evolving, as other crimes have. Beyond physical damages such as financial crimes in the cyber world, it has evolved into psychological forms like cyber-bullying. In today's crimes, measures that consider psychological effects of crimes are highly regarded in that fear of crime is considered as well as visible crimes. Accordingly, cyber bullying, which causes psychological damages, needs to be treated very importantly. Because the characteristics of cyber crime is caused by different circumstances from the real world, measures should be taken in different aspects. Rather than physical damages, which can be found in the conventional crimes, cyber crimes cause psychological damages, so the effect that has on inflicting should be specified. Especially, in the environment that virtual reality is ubiquitous through smart phones, it is very difficult to establish measures by considering all the causes of general cyber crimes. Therefore, this study estimated what affects cyber bullying by focusing on personalized faith factor among social bond theory, which can control cyber crimes. As a result, self-controling faith was verified to have a negative effect on cyber bullying, so faith is a very important factor in personalized environment. Thus, it is suggested that the characteristics of cyber space and education of humanism, which can affect individuals' faith should be emphasized.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

Created, but the development of mobile devices to have a margin of life have appeared in the opposite forces that are considered to be the target of financial crime and attacks them. Financial crime among crimes that target the smartphone SMS phishing, phishing, pharming, phishing, etc. voice and, in particular, a phenomenon that is growing a lot of SMS phishing is by nature a text message to your mobile. Ye Jin proactive rather than post responses in order to be safe from the SMS phishing attack individuals and businesses, and asset protection is even more important in the country. For this, the SMS phishing attack detected in advance and that can block the development program, it is necessary to deploy.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.155-194
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• 2009

The Korean economy successfully overcame the macroeconomic downturns driven from the Asian financial crisis in a very short period of time. The economic shock, however, generated a variety of social problems, one of which was the increase in felonies (homicides, robbery, rape, and arson), or degradation of public safety. We argue that the Korean criminal policy has not been effective to ameliorate the rising trends in crime caused by the financial crisis. In order to substantiate this claim, we assess the effectiveness of criminal policy: policing, sentencing, and corrections. First, there has been resource shortage in policing since the 1997 financial crisis. For the past ten years, the investment of human resource and budget in the police has been virtually stagnant, as well as in prosecutors' investigation activities. The insufficient resource allocation in policing caused a huge decline in arrest rates and prosecution rates. Second, the Korean judicial system has not increased the severity of punishment. Comparing the pre- and the post-financial crisis period, the average length of prison sentence by the courts has declined. Given the degrading in the quality of crime and the decreasing amount of inputs into the policing and prosecution, the government should have increased the severity of punishment to deter crime. Third, we found that the government hired more officers and allocated larger budget into prison and probation. However, it is difficult to suggest that the increased level of resources in correctional programs have been effective in preventing released prisoners from committing future crimes. This is because the number of repeat offenders convicted of more than a third offense increased dramatically since 1997, pushing felonies upward. In sum, the government organizations failed to respond respectively or to make coordinated actions, eventually causing a dramatic increase in crimes. This research brings explicit policy implications. In order to prevent possible additional degradation of public safety, the government must put more efforts into increasing the effectiveness of policy and to investing more resources into said policies. We also emphasize the importance of the institutional mechanisms which foster policy coordination among the Police, the Prosecutor's Office, the Ministry of Justice, and other relevant government organizations.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.227-242
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• 2006

This paper analyzes insurance crimes using a game theoretic model. In blackmailing cases involving automobile accidents, insurance criminals deliberately induce innocent drivers(victims) to commit a moving violation such as crossing over the center dividing yellow line, and collide with the victims. After the collision, the criminals and the victims effectively engage in a bargaining game over the amount of the settlement for the damage. Because the penalty for that kind of moving violation is very severe (even criminally prosecuted), the victims do not have much bargaining power. Exploiting the weak bargaining power of the victims, the criminals demand and receive huge compensation (including settlement) from the victims. In the model, it is shown that under the current law agents have perverse incentives leading to insurance crimes. The criminals have incentive to induce car collisions and extract huge settlement from the victims. Based on the analysis, it is suggested that lowering the severity of penalty for certain kind of violation may be needed to prevent insurance crimes, in addition to increasing the crime investigation activities and strengthening punishment for insurance criminals.