• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.185.2-185.2
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• 2003

The typical approach of virtual screening is to prepare a 3D database and dock each member to the receptor, and carry out a post-analysis to make a final selection of compounds to be tested. The biological test of these compounds leads to 'hit'. The size of the 3D database is rate-determining factor because the docking process is still time-consuming method. The number of compounds for biological testing is cost-determining factor because the materials used in the test are cost-consuming. The use of the representative subsets derived from the entire database help reduce runtime of docking procedure. (omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.11
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• pp.723-729
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• 2014

In this paper, we derive the average repair bandwidth and/or read cost for arbitrary repairable linear code ensembles. The repair bandwidth and read cost are the required amount of data and access number of nodes to restore a failed node, respectively. Here, the repairable linear code ensemble is given by such parameters as the number k of data symbols, the number m of parity symbols, and their degree distributions. We further assume that the code is systematic, and no other constraint is assumed, except possibly that the exact repair could be done by the parity check-sum relation with fully connected n=k+m storages. This enables one to apply the result of this paper directly to any randomly constructed codes with the above parameters, such as linear fountain codes. The final expression of the average repair read cost shows that it is highly dependent on the degree distribution of parity symbols, and also the values n and k.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.161-174
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• 2003

Applicability of the Decision Aids for Tunneling (DAT) technique is investigated in this study to better understand the efficiency of the decision making process during tunnel construction. For this, a traffic tunnel under construction is adopted and information on the construction procedure, i.e., overall geology, unit cost and construction time for each excavation process, is provided periodically. Various scattergrams in which cost-time simulation results are plotted are obtained according to the simulation methods and final prediction on the construction time/cost is made. It is found that the uncertainty in the cost distribution is greater than the uncertainty in the time distribution for each cycle simulation and the uncertainties in time and cost for the one time simulations are comparable. Future work will be concentrated on the updating scheme using the face mapping data and various parametric studies will also be performed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.878-883
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• 2002

Due to rising trend of beef demand in Asia in the next two decades it is necessary to find additional sources of beef supply. In most Southeast Asian countries, male dairy and swamp buffalo have not yet been raised for a primary purpose of quality beef production. This study was aimed to compare growth and feeding performances as well as economic returns from feeding male dairy, beef cattle and swamp buffalo for quality beef. Thirty-six animals, 12 of each breed group, were used in feeding trial to compare the cost of beef production. Two levels of concentrate feeding, 1.75% of body weight (BW) and 1.00% of BW, were used for each breed group in order to compare feeding methods i.e. high and low levels. Within each breed group two animals of similar initial BW were randomly assigned to the two levels of feeding. The animals were fed from about 150 kg BW until reaching the final weight of about 400 kg. The results from this study showed that under the prevailing economic conditions in Thailand the cost of beef production from buffalo was lowest due to very low cost of feeder stocks, followed by dairy and beef. However, the cost of feeding per kg of BW gain was lowest in beef and highest in buffalo i.e. when disregarding the differences in cost of feeder stocks. Beef calves grew faster than dairy and buffalo, with better feed efficiencies. The results indicated that beef cattle could be more suitable for beef production for high-quality beef market, while buffalo could be more suitable for small farms where high roughage feeding is common. Male dairy calves appeared to require higher level of concentrate feeding than 1% BW in order to maintain good body conditions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.182-195
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• 2008

Purpose: Hospice care represents all meaningful aspects of physical, mental and economical status of the end stage patients. The purpose of this study was to estimate the cost of home-based hospice care. Method: Fifteen nurses participated in counting an hour for requirement and home visit data of 50 end stage patients were analyzed. The method of to estimate the cost of home-based hospice care was three ways. Result: In case, including traffic expense, Singles fixed fee per visit via direct inquiry was 112,970 won but in case, excluding traffic expenses, was 86,036 won and traffic expenses per visit was 26,934 won. Final cost of home-based hospice care integrated the fixed fee per the needed time for visit and fee-for services. The fixed fee per 30 minutes was 35,251 won and 60 minutes was 46,595 won and 90 minutes was 57,939 won. We included pain management and the management of emergency and bereavement care among fee-for services. Conclusion: The cost of hospice care should be establish for not only patient but the living spouse, families, and children of the dying and for anyone else affected by any patient's death.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Objectives We aimed to examine health-related economic analysis of available interventions on idiopathic short stature (ISS). Methods Eight studies were reviewed from English, Korean, and Chinese databases which were published up to December 24, 2020. Effectiveness, utility, and cost data were extracted from the studies and descriptive analysis of the individual studies was conducted Results Five studies were chosen. In the two economic evaluation studies, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of growth hormone (GH) treatment was presented by performing cost-effectiveness analysis based on the deterministic decision tree approach for the GH and untreated group. Final adult height and direct medical costs were analyzed as effectiveness and cost outcomes. In 1 review article, an ICER of GH was presented based on systematic review on the effects of the GH treatment. In the two clinical trials, the effectiveness and cost of the 12 months Oriental medicine combination treatment were presented in comparison with the GH treatment alone. There were no literatures that provided utility data of available intervention on ISS. Conclusions The results of this study will be used as basic data for the economic analysis of Oriental medicine treatment on ISS in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.147-155
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between housing cost burden and the mental health status of middle-aged and older adults with disabilities, and to examine whether this relationship is moderated by social capital. To achieve this goal, a final analysis was conducted on a sample of 938 individuals aged 45 and above with disabilities who participated in the 16th wave of the Korean Welfare Panel Study. Moderated multiple regression analysis was performed using Stata 17.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, an increase in housing cost burden was associated with a decrease in the mental health status of middle-aged and older adults with disabilities. Second, among the multidimensional elements of social capital, social networks were found to be a factor that positively influenced mental health status. The relationship between housing cost burden and mental health status was moderated by social networks, a key element of social capital. Based on these findings, this study confirms the value of social capital as a protective factor for improving the mental health status of middle-aged and older adults with disabilities who experience housing poverty due to housing cost burden, and suggests implications for social welfare strategies targeting the development of social capital.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.275-283
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• 2004

The paper describes the integrated design system using MDO and approximation technique. In MDO related research, final target is an integrated and automated MDO framework systems. However, in order to construct the integrated design system, the prerequisite condition is how much save computational cost because of iterative process in optimization design and lots of data information in CAD/CAE integration. Therefore, this paper presents that an efficient approximation method, Adaptive Approximation, is a competent strategy via MDO framework systems.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.106-112
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• 1993

This paper presents the optimum design of reinforced concrete conical shell which is fixed at the base and free at the top. The calculation of stresses is done using the SMAP(Segmented Matrix Analysis Package)program which uses the simple finite element method of analysis. The objective function contains the ratios of the unit cost of reinforcements and formwork to that of concrete. To Simplify the optimization procedure, the final optimum design of conical shell is obtained by combining the result of each element. The results are presented and discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.138-141
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• 1997

CFM(Cast Forge Method) is widely used in manufacturing industry to produce aluminium parts with good mechanical properties and low production cost. CFM is the process which produces a final products by forging from the initial billet by casting. The study on this paper covers the automatic design method which finds a pertinent shape for initial billet using Fast Fourier Transform, low-pass frequency filtering and FEM simulation of the nonisothermal forging process by DEFORM. These works will give us an information to enhance the low strength of a aluminium casting.