• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2005

This study investigated the possibility of reducing the residual aluminum (Al) in the treated water using polymers. Two raw waters (lake and river water) and three kinds of polymers (coagulant, flocculant, and filtration aids) were used for this purpose. This study found that coagulation at the high dose did not necessarily lead to the high concentration of the residual Al in the treated water. The coagulation efficacy was found more important in determining the residual Al than the coagulant dose. The use of a polymer enhanced the removal of turbidity as well as the residual Al. The coagulant aid removed the dissolved Al as well as the particulate Al by helping the coagulation and the solid-liquid separation. The flocculant aid and the filtration aid preferentially removed the particulate Al while helping the solid-liquid separation. The filtration aid reduced the residual Al substantially more effectively than the flocculant aid. The polyamine-based coagulant aid (FL) showed the better performance in reducing the residual Al and turbidity than DADMAC (WT). The cationic flocculant aid with weak charge density and the medium molecular weight (SC-020) showed the best performance in reducing the residual Al.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.260-270
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of filter aids in the dual-media rapid filtration. Paper-filter tests were conducted to determine the proper dosages of coagulant and filter aid, and pilot plant tests using two dual-media filter columns were performed for a variety of filtration rates. Using a filter aid (non-ionic polymer), the maximum feasible filtration rate is 480m/day, while turbidity is less than 0.3 NTU and filter run-time is about 70 hours. It is possible to increase the filtration rate up to 360 m/day for keeping the turbidity less than 0.1 NTU. Turbidity increases for the filtration rate greater than 360m/day. In general, the quality of filtered water with a filter aid is stable, while the filter maintains a sufficient filter run-time for a maximum allowable head loss. Particularly, the initial breakthrough can be effectively controlled. The use of a filter aid may be one of the methods applicable if the turbidity of filtered water is required to be improved or if the filter breakthrough limits filter run-time.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.262-271
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• 2015

Laboratory study was undertaken to pursue the filter performance of a micro-filter module employing highly porous fiber media under a high filtration rate (over 1,500 m/day), faster than that of any conventional filter process. The effects of filtration rate, head loss, raw water turbidity, and filter aid chemicals on filter performance were analyzed. In spite of the extremely high filtration rate, the filter achieved an attractive efficiency, reducing the raw water turbidity by over 80%. As with other filter systems, the filter aid used (PAC in this study) greatly affected the performance of this particular fiber filter. Long term repetitive runs were additionally carried out to confirm the reproducibility of the filter performance. Finally, a comparison was carried out with other high rate filter systems which are either being tested for use in experimental studies, or are already commercially available.

• 도시과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2019

The land treatment of sewage sludge is necessary because sewage sludge is increasing year by year. Therefore the research of sewage sludge solidification is underway as one of the land treatment methods. However, the problem with existing sewage sludge solidification is that the moisture content of sewage sludge is high and the dewaterability is low. Because of high drying cost the efficiency of energy production is low and the calorific value is insufficient. So the disposer is supplied with a filtration and caloric aid for improving dewaterability and calorific value. In this study, it is aimed to improve the fuel value of sewage sludge by confirming the feasibility of waste wood as a filtration and caloric aid. The dewaterability was measured by CST-test and the calorific value was measured by bomb calorimeter. As a result the dewaterability and calorific value are improved in all of the samples. The dewaterability was improved as the waste wood was added in the sewage sludge. By adjusting the waste wood adding rate into the sewage sludge the dewaterability and calorific value of sewage sludge will be improved. This study confirmed possibility of the waste wood used as filtration and caloric aid.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2019

On the purpose of conform the more stringent government regulation for turbid stormwater from construction sites, the feasibility and availability of synthetic fiber placing after the conventional protection barrier were tested in this study. Initially, comparative work on the filtering performance of fiber media and conventional gravel filter was carried out, 27% higher filtration capacity was obtained under the similar operational conditions. The filter efficiency was about 20 to 52% with a varying filter depth of 5 to 15cm, presuming at extreme storm flow conditions (800-1500 m/day of filtration rates). Fiber filter was found to have a similar filtration prosperity as grain media; namely, the separation efficiency is directly and inversely proportional to filter depth and rate, respectively. The effects of filter aid (polyaluminium chloride) on filter performance was also investigated, it greatly affected the turbidity reduction at the dosage of 2 mg/L. At the time of breakthrough, a simple filter washing was carried out, herein, the solid recovery achieved over than 88% and greatly determined by operational parameters. Based on the operational data, the empirical models aimed for predicting filtration efficiency were established, which can effectively determine the required filter depth and filtration area in field.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2008

To evaluate the effective use of endoprotease from squid viscera as a food processing aid, various methods of fractionating endoprotease from viscera of the Argentina shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) were evaluated. The endoprotease-positive fractions of each fractionation were fraction II (30-40%, w/w) with cold acetone, fraction IV (50-60% saturation) with ammonium sulfate, fraction UF with anion exchange chromatography, and fraction II (15-24 kDa) with gel filtration. The specific activities (approximately 25 U/mg) of the fractions using ammonium sulfate and gel filtration were higher than the others. Total azocaseinolytic activity and recovery of the positive fraction using gel filtration were 806.95U and 37.82%, respectively, and were the highest among the positive fractions. Based on the results, gel filtration was the most efficient method for fractionating endoprotease from the viscera of Illex argentinus.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2019

규조토는 규조 껍질로 구성된 규질 다공성 퇴적암으로서 여과보조재, 충전재, 흡착재, 연마재 등의 다양한 용도로 사용된다. 규조토의 특성 개선을 위해 열처리하게 되면, 비정질 실리카인 단백석이 크리스토발라이트로 상전이하여 규조토에 함유된다. 해외 규조토 17개 시료에 대하여 X-선회절분석과 주사전자현미경 분석을 실시한 결과, 1개 시료에는 크리스토발라이트가 함유되어 있지 않으나, 나머지 16개 시료에는 크리스토발라이트가 다양한 정도(6~100 %)로 함유되어 있었다. 공기 중 일정 농도 이상의 크리스토발라이트는 인체유해물질로 관리되나, 식품 중 크리스토발라이트의 유해성은 낮은 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 식품 품질 관리를 위해서 액상 여과식품 내 크리스토발라이트 함량 측정 필요성이 제기되어, 분석법을 수립하고 몇몇 식품을 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 은여과지로 여과한 크리스토발라이트에 X-선회절분석을 실시하고, 강도를 보정하여 검량선을 작성한 결과, 2.7 mg까지 미량 정량이 가능한 것으로 평가되었다. 이 방법으로 몇몇 유통 액상여과식품의 잔류 크리스토발라이트 함량을 측정하였으나 검출되지 않았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.197-200
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• 2007

식물세포배양으로부터 paclitaxel을 효율적으로 대량추출하기 위한 추출액의 여과 및 농축 조건을 최적화하였다. 메탄올을 이용한 biomass 추출물을 여과할 경우, biomass 대비 6% (w/w) 여과보조제인 규조토를 첨가할 경우 여과시간 단축에 가장 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 규조토 6% (w/w) 첨가를 통하여 1회 biomass 추출물 여과 시 4.2%, 2회 추출물 여과 시 30.3%, 3회 추출물 여과 시 22.8%, 4회 추출물 여과 시 19.0%의 여과시간 단축 효과를 각각 얻을 수 있었다. 여과액의 농축은 paclitaxel 순도 및 수율을 고려할 때 rotary evaporator의 bath 온도를 50$^{\circ}C$ 이하로 운전하는 것이 바람직하였으며, 이때 농축액의 온도는 증발잠열 때문에 실제 bath의 온도보다는 상당히 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 여과액의 농축 완료 시점은 paclitaxel 순도, 수율, 농축시간, 액-액 추출에서의 상 분리 시간 등을 고려할 때 농축액의 비중이 0.95에서 종료하는 것이 가장 적당함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment characteristics of diatomite filtration, that would allow water recovery from biologically-treated effluent for reuse. Diatomite, Celpure 100, and acid clay were used as filter-aids, with a support filter manufactured from polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP). This pre-coating process using diatomite filter-aids, is used in the filtration range of pressure filters, and has consistently provided high-quality separation. The results showed that variations in average removal efficiency of SS, and T-P from biologically treated effluent by the diatomite-coated PE filter, were approximately 82.2 ~ 88.9 % and 4.8 ~ 21.1 %, respectively. T-P treatment efficiency of the PP filter pre-coated with diatomite and $Celpure^{(R)}100$ at $57.64g/m^2$, was approximately $24{\pm}10%$ and $40{\pm}15%$ on average, respectively. Particle size distribution of secondary effluent varied from 0.05 to $200{\mu}m$, and $d_{50}$ value was $20.76{\mu}m$. The size distribution of particles in the diatomite filtrate ranged from 1.26 to $101.1{\mu}m$ when pre-coated with diatomite filter-aid, at a content of $57.64g/m^2$. Diatomite filter aids, i.e., the particles that form the pre-coating layer, capture very fine particles as well as macromolecules, owing to their complex structure with numerous fine microscopic pores, and surface properties. The filtration process using diatomite and $Celpure^{(R)}100$ as filter aids, has been successfully applied, to recover water from sewage for reuse. The disadvantage of the process, is that the particle size of the filter-aid is spent, because of pressurization.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.919-926
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• 2000

정수장 여과지 모형실험장치를 이용하여 수중입자입도분석에 의한 모래 및 이중여재 여과지에 대한 여과특성 및 효율 평가를 탁도분석과 비교하여 실시하였다. 수중입자입도분석은 여과지의 효율 평가를 위한 훌륭한 평가방법으로 탁도분석에 비해 민감도가 뛰어나 여과유출수의 탁질누출 현상을 뚜렷이 관찰할 수 있었다. 모래여과지의 경우는 여과지속시간 내내 비교적 양호한 수질을 보여, 허용수두하에서는 초기탁질누출보다는 여과말기의 수위상승에 대한 주위가 필요하다. 반면에 이중여재 여과지의 경우는 내부여과에 의한 탁질의 침투가 이루어지므로 최적운영을 위해서는 적절한 여재구성과 각 여과지별로 연속적인 수질모니터링에 의한 탁질누출제어가 요구된다. 또한 보다 안정적이고 효율적인 수질의 확보를 위해서는 여과보조제의 사용도 고려되어야 할 것이다.