Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.39
no.1
/
pp.132-137
/
2010
This study was performed to investigate the effect of apple and maltitol as ingredients on the quality of Jochung, a grain syrup. Four kinds of Jochung products were prepared from steamed-rice, apple juice, heated-apple sarcocarp (at $70^{\circ}C$, 60 min), and a mixture (sarcocarp : maltitol=5:1, w/w) by saccharifying (at $55^{\circ}C$, 8 hrs) with a malt (100 g/500 g rice), mixing the ingredients (steamed-rice : ingredient=5:5, w/w), filtering, and heating the filtrate (at $95^{\circ}C$, 2 hrs): product (A) with apple juice added before saccharified, product (B) with apple juice added after saccharified, product (C) with heated-apple sarcocarp added after saccharified, and product (D) with the mixture added after saccharified. The product (D) had the lowest pH value ($4.60\pm0.01$) of any other products. The contents of reducing sugar and total phenolic compound were the highest in the product (A) among all the products, which comprised $68.10\pm6.71$% and $7.36\pm0.85$ mg/g, respectively, resulting in good quality. The solidity and the dextrose equivalence had the highest value in the product (B) and the product (C), respectively. The malic acid content ($4.10\pm0.02$%) of the product (D) was the highest of any other organic acids identified by HPLC. Hunter L, a, and b values of the product (D) were the highest compared to other products. In sensory evaluation, the product (A) had generally higher score in all sensory attributes. It was concluded from the chemical and sensory evaluation that adding the apple juice before saccharified might be an effective method for manufacturing good quality rice-Jochung.
This research was attempted to prove suppressing effect of medicinal plants on the intestinal absorption of toxic heavy metals. In vitro study was performed by membrane filtration considering intestinal absorption conditions. From drinking water contaminated singly with 10 and 50 times level of water quality standard for heavy metals, the removal ratio of lead was $40{\sim}60%$ by Chicorium intybus, Angelica acutiloba and Ganoderma lucidium. And the removal ratio of cadmium was $20{\sim}40%$. The removal ratio of lead contaminated with both was $30{\sim}50%$ by every sample similarly, the removal ratio of cadmium was $10{\sim}30%$. The removal ratio of Angelica acutiloba was more higher than Chicorium intybus and Ganoderma lucidium. Considering the extraction conditions of samples, $70^{\circ}C$, 2 min conditions were higher than $95^{\circ}C$, 10 min conditions, the removal ratios of heavy metals were similar. And the membrane filter permeated the material under 500 mw selectively, so the final filtrate could regard as passive transport in intestinal absorption. In conclusion, this research exhibited that the medicinal plants beverages have a suppressing effect on intestinal absorption of lead and cadmium in drinking water.
Pressurized membrane module systems, including hollow fiber type of Microfiltration (MF) and Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes are being increasingly used in drinking water treatment due to their high removal efficiency of pathogen. However, when fibers are damaged in pressurized membrane system, the pathogen will be able to penetrate the membrane. Therefore, it is essential to guarantee the regulatory requirements for water quality by an effective on-line or off-line condition integrity monitoring methods. Recently, pressure decay test (PDT) which is one of membrane integrity tests has been reflected to drinking water treatment plants using pressurized membrane module. In this paper, three different method were used to perform PDT and three different sensitivity values were analyzed through experiments. Three types of direct integrity test methods were applied to pressure feed side, filtrate side and bidirectional pressure decay test. The results of these experiments show that the sensitivity was increasing when the volume of pressurized gas was decreasing. The sensitivity is inversely proportional to the gas volume. Furthermore, it is desirable to increase pressure difference between feed side and permeate side in order to achieve higher sensitivity in the PDT by membrane damage.
In order to prepare kimchi tablet(K7), the kimchi was fermented with crushed materials and lactic acid bacterial starter. The effect of raying methods (hot air-drying : HAD, freeze drying: FD), moulding pressure (100, 150 and 200 kg/cm2) and moulding time (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 min) of kimchi tablet on residual solid, characteristics of filtrate, color, textual properties, hygroscopicity and sensory quality were investigated. No great difference showed in residual solid of the tablet prepared with freeze dried kimchi (FD-KT), but the tablet prepared with hot air-dried kimchi (HAD-KT) decreased markedly with an increase in moulding pressure. Residual solid of FD-KT was lower than that of HAD-KT. The pH and redness for HAD-KT and FD-KT were similar. Total sugar. acidity and lightness of FD-KT as compared with HAD-KT were higher, while higher max, yield, strength and hardness were found for HAD-KT. Color, tactile, flavor, chewing taste, acceptability and hygroscopicity of FD-KT were generally higher than those of HAD-KT. Hygroscopicity of HAD-KT decreased with an increase in moulding pressure in md time, but that of FD-KT increased. Overall qualities of FD-KT and HAD-KT showed best in 200 kg/㎠ of moulding pressure, 3min of moulding time.
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
/
v.34
no.6
/
pp.430-437
/
2012
In order to obtain information on the design parameters of the horizontal laterals in floodplain filtration, laboratory-scale sand-box experiments were performed where the head distributions on the laterals and the groundwater profiles were measured according to the change in parameters including lateral diameter, hydraulic conductivity of the sand, water level at the well and raw-water supply rate. Measured data were analyzed using a numerical code in order to identify the discharge intensity distribution along the laterals. It was observed from the result that the lowering of the water level at the well had minimal adverse effect on the performance of the floodplain filtration. Results also elucidated that the low conveyance of the laterals to transmit the filtrate was compensated and supplemented by a natural augmentation in horizontal conveyance through the aquifer when the raw-water supply rate exceeded the adequate recovery rate. With this mechanism, the water quality is expected to improve further since the travel distance through the aquifer is amplified. Based on these findings it can be suggested that the diameter of the lateral used in the floodplain filtration may be smaller than those in riverbank/bed filtration. It was also found that the ratio between the head loss occurring in a lateral and the total head loss in the floodplain filtration was proportional to the exit velocities of the laterals, which may be used to design and/or evaluate the lateral in floodplain filtration.
The prcx.iuction of extracellular 1,4-${\beta}$-glucanase by Cellulomonas sp. CS1-1 on microcrystalline cellulose, sigmacell was maximal after 5-day cultivation as 280 units/mL, which was three times higher than the level produced on carboxymethyl cellulose. A carboxymethyl cellulase containing the carbohydrate of 8.2% was purified from the culture filtrate by successive procedures of column chromatographies. Purification factor was calculated as 22-folds with the specific carboxymethyl cellulase activity of 31.9 units/mg. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the purified enzyme were 54,000 and pI 5.4, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature were 6.0 and $45^{\circ}C$, and the enzyme was stable between pH 6.5 and 7.5 and below $50^{\circ}C$. The estimated Km and Vmax were 10 mg/mL and $6.25{\mu}mol/min$ for carboxymethyl cellulose and 30.3 mg/mL and $2.85{\mu}mol/min$ for sigmacell, respectively. The enzyme was partially inhibited by $Ag^+$, $Zn^{+{+}}$, $Fe^{+{+}}$ and EDTA, while completely inhibited by $Cd^{+{+}}$ and $Hg^{+{+}}$ at 1 mM concentration.
Riverbank filtration has been used in advanced countries for 150 years. In Korea, investigations for producing riverbank filtrate started in the Han River, Nakdong River, Geum River, Yeongsan River and Seomjin River basins in the 1990s. The lower part of the Nakdong River has a poorer water quality than the upper part of the river. A water balance analysis and groundwater flow modeling were conducted for the riverbanks of the Nakdong River in Daesan-Myeon, Changwon City. The results of the water balance analysis revealed the groundwater infiltration rate into the aquifer to be 245.26 mm/year (19.68% of the average annual precipitation, 1,251.32 mm). Direct runoff accounts for 153.49 mm/year, evapotranspiration is 723.95 mm/year and baseflow is 127.63 mm/year. According to the groundwater flow modeling, 65% of the total inflow to the pumping wells originates from the Nakdong River, 13% originates from the aquifer in the rectilinear direction, and 22% originates from the aquifer in the parallel direction. The particle tracking model shows that a particle moving from the river toward the pumping wells travels 100 m in 50 days and a particle from the aquifer toward the pumping wells travels 100 m in 100 days.
Lim, Byung Ran;Kim, Hee Seo;Go, Yeon Sil;Kim, Hyun Kab;Kim, Jong Hak;Lee, Tae Jin
Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
/
v.35
no.2
/
pp.145-151
/
2019
The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment characteristics of diatomite filtration, that would allow water recovery from biologically-treated effluent for reuse. Diatomite, Celpure 100, and acid clay were used as filter-aids, with a support filter manufactured from polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP). This pre-coating process using diatomite filter-aids, is used in the filtration range of pressure filters, and has consistently provided high-quality separation. The results showed that variations in average removal efficiency of SS, and T-P from biologically treated effluent by the diatomite-coated PE filter, were approximately 82.2 ~ 88.9 % and 4.8 ~ 21.1 %, respectively. T-P treatment efficiency of the PP filter pre-coated with diatomite and $Celpure^{(R)}100$ at $57.64g/m^2$, was approximately $24{\pm}10%$ and $40{\pm}15%$ on average, respectively. Particle size distribution of secondary effluent varied from 0.05 to $200{\mu}m$, and $d_{50}$ value was $20.76{\mu}m$. The size distribution of particles in the diatomite filtrate ranged from 1.26 to $101.1{\mu}m$ when pre-coated with diatomite filter-aid, at a content of $57.64g/m^2$. Diatomite filter aids, i.e., the particles that form the pre-coating layer, capture very fine particles as well as macromolecules, owing to their complex structure with numerous fine microscopic pores, and surface properties. The filtration process using diatomite and $Celpure^{(R)}100$ as filter aids, has been successfully applied, to recover water from sewage for reuse. The disadvantage of the process, is that the particle size of the filter-aid is spent, because of pressurization.
Jeon, Hye Lyun;Hong, Yoon Pyo;Lee, Ji Hyun;Kim, Hyung Don;Kim, Mee Ree
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.41
no.10
/
pp.1402-1408
/
2012
Mulberry pomace, a by-product obtained from mulberry juice, has not been utilized as food. In this study, antioxidant activities, proximate composition and physiochemical characteristics of mulberry pomace were evaluated and compared with those of mulberry fruit or mulberry concentrate. Mulberry fruit was pressed and filtered. The filtrate and residue were used as mulberry juice and mulberry pomace, respectively. Mulberry juice was evaporated, after which a concentrate ($24.7^{\circ}Brix$) was obtained. Moisture contents of mulberry concentrate, freeze-dried mulberry, and pomace were 68.7%, 6.03%, and 7.32%, respectively. Reducing sugar contents were 45.7% in freeze-dried mulberry, 24.5% in pomace, and 30.9% in mulberry concentrate. The pH and acidity of the three samples ranged from 5.80~5.92 and, 0.035~0.080%, respectively. Carbohydrate and crude ash contents were the highest in mulberry fruit, whereas crude protein, fat, and fiber contents were the highest in pomace. Redness of the Hunter color system was 4.7 in mulberry and 4.3 in pomace. Total phenolic content was the highest in mulberry fruit, whereas total flavonoid content was the highest in pomace. Antioxidant activities (DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radical scavenging activities) were enhanced in the order of mulberry fruit> pomace> mulberry concentrate. Especially, antioxidant activities, such as DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, of mulberry pomace were similar with those of mulberry fruit. Based on these results, freeze-dried mulberry pomace may be considered as a functional as well as an additive material for food processing.
This study was carried out to investigate effects of iron content on the quality of soy sauce, bean paste and red pepper paste, and to elucidate the origin of iron and change of the contents during production processes. For the first step, the iron contents in commercial soy sauce and changes of the contents during brewing process were determined. The results obtained were as follows. 1, Iron contents of raw materials were 108 ppm in soy bean, 133ppm in defatted soy bean, 79 ppm in wheat, 5 ppm in sodium chloride, 58 ppm in seed koji, 300-2000 ppm in spore of Aspergillus oryzae, 240 ppm in wheat gluten, 20 ppm in sodium carbonate (above figures were of dry weight basis), 6 ppm in hydrochloric acid, 18 ppm in caramel and 0.3ppm in brewing water respectively. 2, Iron contents in koji were 200-240 ppm (as dry weight basis) and increased, more or less, in progress of koji-making period. 3. Iron contents in the mashes during fermentation were 40 rpm after 1 month, 43-47 ppm after 3 months and 49-62ppm after 6 months. 4. In chemical soy sauce, the iron content was 159 ppm after hydrolysis of wheat gluten with hydrochloric acid, and 184 ppm after neutralization. 5. Higher iron contents were detected both in fermented and chemical soy sauce when the concentration of total nitrogen increased, but the levels were higher in chemical soy sauce than in fermented one at the same concentration of total nitrogen. 6. In the case of fermented soy sauce, the iron content in the filtrate was decreased by press-filtration, but no significant change was found between before and after heat-sterilization. 7. Iron contents in commercial soy sauce were varied with the producers, however, the average value was 62.7 ppm as calculated as 1.0 percent of total nitrogen. And the average level of iron in home-made soy sauce produced by conventional method was 37.68 ppm.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.