• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.382-385
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• 2003

Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) is an essential process in the production of copper-based chips. On this work, the stability of Hydrogen Peroxide($H_2O_2$) as oxidizer of Cu CMP slurry has been investigated. $H_2O_2$ is known as the most common oxidizer in Cu CMP slurry. Copper slowly dissolves in $H_2O_2$ solutions and the interaction of $H_2O_2$ with copper surface had been studied in the literature. Because hydrogen peroxide is a weak acid in aqueous solutions, a passivation-type slurry chemistry could be achieved only with pH buffered solution.[1] Moreover, $H_2O_2$ is so unstable that its stabilization is needed using as oxidizer. As adding KOH as pH buffering agent, stability of $H_2O_2$ decreased. However, stability went up with putting in small amount of BTA as film forming agent. There was no difference of $H_2O_2$ stability between KOH and TMAH at same pH. On the other hand, $H_2O_2$ dispersion of TMAH is lower than that of KOH. Furthermore, adding $H_2O_2$ in slurry in advance of bead milling lead to better stability than adding after bead milling. Generally, various solutions of phosphoric acids result in a higher stability. Using Alumina C as abrasive was good at stabilizing for $H_2O_2$; moreover, better stability was gotten by adding $H_3PO_4$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.272-289
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• 1989

Benign lung tumors compose a heterogeneous group of solid growths that present variations in clinical features, depending on whether the origin is within the bronchus on lung parenchyma or from visceral pleura. Benign tumors of the lung are relatively uncommon, and series are to be found in the literature and the classification of benign tumors of the lung continues to be controversial because of disagreement concerning the origin and prognosis of many common lesions. We adopt Liebows original classification but excluded bronchial adenoma which no longer considered as benign tumor and added pulmonary A-V fistula and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. We analyzed 61 cases of benign tumors which were composed of 16 original Korean cases and 45 cases which were reported on journal of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery. The results were. [1] Incidence; Of 61 cases, chondromatous hamartoma was 2 cases [41 %], congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation 10 cases [16.4 %], pulmonary A-V fistula 5 cases [8.1 %], sclerosing hemangioma 4 cases [6.5 %], teratoma, plasma cell granuloma & mesothelioma were 3 cases [4.9%], Castlemans disease 2 cases [3.3%], and mucous gland adenoma, paraganglioma, and leiomyoma 1 case [1.6 %]. [2] Age & Sex distribution; Male 30 cases and female 31 cases. Mean age was 31.4 years old. [3] Main symptom; was coughing, 32.8%, and no symptom, 24.6%. [4] Sixty eight percentage of chest film showed mass density, and 4 cases showed calcification, 2 cases had lobulation. [5] Size of mass was large and multiple mass was 2 cases. Endobronchial tumors were 9 cases, 14.9 %. [6] Three cases of endobronchial tumor were preoperatively diagnosed by bronchoscopy and 2 cases of pulmonary A-V fistula were diagnosed by pulmonary arteriography. [7] Seven cases, 11.5%, had associating diseases such as bronchogenic cyst, thymic cyst, Schwannoma, situs inversus, bronchiectasis and bronchogenic carcinoma. [8] Minor resection such as excision 8i: wedge resection were 15 cases, 26.2 %, and 6 cases, 75.4 %, of lobectomy were performed including 5 cases of pneumonectomy 5 cases had. [9] Postoperative complications; One case, 1.6 %, expired due to respiratory insufficiency. Two cases had re-operation due to bleeding and hemoptysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.117-117
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• 2008

In MIM capacitor, poly-Si bottom electrode is replaced with metal bottom electrode. Noble metals can be used as bottom electrodes of capacitors because they have high work function and remain conductive in highly oxidizing conditions. In addition, they are chemically very stable. Among novel metals, Ru (ruthenium) has been suggested as an alternative bottom electrode due to its excellent electrical performance, including a low leakage of current and compatibility to high dielectric constant materials. Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process has been suggested to planarize and isolate the bottom electrode. Even though there is a great need for development of Ru CMP slurry, few studies have been carried out due to noble properties of Ru against chemicals. In the organic chemistry literature, periodate ion ($IO_4^-$) is a well-known oxidant. It has been reported that sodium periodate ($NaIO_4$) can form $RuO_4$ from hydrated ruthenic oxide ($RuO_2{\cdot}nH_2O$). $NaIO_4$ exist as various species in an aqueous solution as a function of pH. Also, the removal mechanism of Ru depends on solution of pH. In this research, the static etch rate, passivation film thickness and wettability were measured as a function of slurry pH. The electrochemical analysis was investigated as a function of pH. To evaluate the effect of pH on polishing behavior, removal rate was investigated as a function of pH by using patterned and unpatterned wafers.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.135-138
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• 2002

Fractionated stereotactic radiosurguy (FSRS) requires precise and reproducible patient set up. For these reasons non-invasive mask fixation methods have been used in Linac based FSRS. In this study, we measured and assessed the isocenter reproducibility using a commercial head mask fixation system based on thermoplastic materials. For the verification and the measurement of isocenter deviation a special acrylic brain phantom was designed. The designed phantom has 22 vertical rods and each rod has different lengths. At the end of the 8 rods, the monochromic film is attached and irradiated due to planned target position. Deviations of isocenter were measured separately for each direction. The mean deviation showed 0.4 mm in longitudinal direction, 0.1 mm in the lateral direction, 0.1 mm in the anterior-posterior direction of the treatment couch. The data demonstrates the high accuracy and reproducibility. This study reinforces previous literature published.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.121-127
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• 2017

In 2013, Baz Luhrmann's movie re-made Fitzgerald's novel, "The Great Gatsby". In Novel, readers keep trace of the plot with their imagination, but in Movie , movie director comes together to create visual and auditory elements of it. Daisy Buchanan is a fashion icon, wearing Prada, Chanel, and Tiffany's jewelry, which reproduce the costume of Jazz Age, and make viewers well understand that of Jazz Age. Symbols like "Ash Valley", "Green light", "East Egg", "West Egg" are presented more directly in movie. Roaring parties held in Gatsby's great mansion was made by computer graphic, and its enormous scale also reflects the mental chaos and the material affluence in those age. Additionally, actors excellent show highlights the theme of the novel. With the adaptation of novel, the film finally achieves more appealing art in front of the public. This thesis investigates these more logistically with the materials of internet.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to pay attention to the problems of the elderly in our society, which is facing an aged society, to understand the lives of the elderly and to recognize the need for retirement and death preparation. It reviews and analyzes the story of So-young, the main character of the movie "Killing Woman," according to the context of the work. The narrative of the film illustrates the problems of suffering for the elderly, such as poverty, disease, dementia, loneliness, and fear of death. In the face of the ultra-aged era, institutional supplementation measures for underprivileged senior citizens at the national level should be established, and social interest and safety nets should be secured, and specific retirement preparations are needed personally. Furthermore, support for research and education of old age preparation education programs and death education programs to prepare for retirement and death should be continuously provided.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2021

This paper criticized that online classes during the Covid-19 period were centered on knowledge and information education, and sought ways to improve empathy as a way to improve students' sociality. The teaching-learning process was designed around the movie <(500) Days of Summer> which has the theme and story of parting and growth. On this paper the stage of empathy was divided into three stages, recognize-into, feeling-into, emotional-transaction stage. In particular, considering the process of transitioning from emotional empathy to behavioral empathy as the key to communication education, the class was designed in five stages, with an expression stage between the feeling-into stage and the emotional-transaction stage. This course is possible when learners sympathize with the work itself and reflect on their own narrative, so literary therapeutic was used, and students's response statements were collected to prove that this process is meaningful for improving empathy. In this article, the class was designed for the movie <(500) Days of Summer>, but this teaching-learning model can be applied to other contemporary film texts.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the students' responses and self-understanding in the liberal arts and personality class, one of the compulsory liberal arts subjects at S University. The results of the study are as follows. First, the degree of influence on students' positive change in this class was higher than normal using a five-step Likert scale. In particular, as a result of the film discussion conducted by the researcher, satisfaction was very high. Second, as a result of picture test analysis, changes in coping ability through stress and resource scales were seen in the students, and it was an opportunity for students to understand themselves by looking into their minds. This study presented example of classes that can cultivate students' personality through literature, art, and video, and cultivate their qualities as global citizens, such as responsibility, leadership, cooperation, consideration, communication, and empathy, through discussion.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.723-730
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• 2024

In order to trace the changes in the concept and understanding of automatically generated images, this study analogously explores the creative methods of photography and cinema, which represent the existing image fields, in terms of AI-based image creation methods and 'automaticity', and discusses the understanding and possibilities of new automatic image creation. At the time of the invention of photography and cinema, the field of 'automatic creation' was established for them in comparison to traditional art genres such as painting. Recently, as AI has been applied to video production, the concept of 'automatic creation' has been expanded, and experimental creations that freely cross the boundaries of literature, art, photography, and film are active. By utilizing technologies such as machine learning and deep learning, AI automated creation allows AI to perform the creative process independently. Automated creation using AI can greatly improve efficiency, but it also risks compromising the personal and subjective nature of art. The problem stems from the fact that AI cannot completely replace human creativity.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.39
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• pp.59-83
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• 2015

Magical realism, blooming and improving in Latin America, opened the new vision about reality and rationalism, coming out from the out-styled frame of past. While having common points with unrealistic literature, which uses fantastical components, magical realism is different from Surrealism and fantasy literature that is focusing on reality and realizing reality intensely. In the early stage of this research, magical realism was restricted by the characteristics of literature of Latin America, but the research of magical realism is expanding in planning Post-Modernism nowadays. Lately, the influence of magical realism is identified in literatures, arts, films, and animations over the world; according to the research, however, research about magical realism in animations was not done in Korea before. A Korean independent animation "A coffee vending machine and its sword" was evaluated positively in many international film festivals is valuable as the research of magical realism. Throughout this study, this animation "A coffee vending machine and its sword" was analyzed by its narrative and images. The analysis of narrative consists two parts. One is about the form of narrative and the other is about contents through the story. Analysis of Image is also divided into two parts: background image and character image. In this animation, the protagonist is narrating about the fantastic accidents in his life and his own feelings towards it. The narration leads audience to understand his situation and feelings in meta-fiction. On the surface, audience watches the love story of a normal girl and coffee vending machine in this artwork, but deep inside the animation, it is visible that the directors tried to make audiences think about the life of 880,000-won Generation in Korea. The background image was represented as real places in Seoul including the landmark of Seoul, making mimesis of reality in Korea. The character image has two conflicting aspects with reincarnated warrior, Jinyoungyoung and a coffee vending machine. It is a hybrid-character transmogrifying between two characters. Likewise, "A coffee vending machine and its sword" has the characteristics of Korean magical realism through form, content and image. Through analyzing the Korean independent animation "A coffee vending machine and its sword", this research tried to find a way of using factors of fantasy, of representing reality as a dramatic device and of using magical realism of Korean animation for bond of sympathy with audience.