• Title/Summary/Keyword: Filling Ratio

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A Study on the Effect of Filling Ratio on Sloshing Impact Pressure (적재율이 슬로싱 충격압력에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Hu-In;Kwon, Sun-Hong;Park, Jung-Ho;Choi, Young-Myung
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.30-33
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    • 2010
  • This study presents the effect of filling ratio on sloshing impact pressure. The experiment was done with three filling ratios of 20%, 70%, and 95% of the tank height. The input of the motion was regular excitation. The total number of sensors in use were 53. They were installed on tank top and tank wall. The maximum pressures and the average of one third highest impact pressures for the whole pressure sensors were investigated. The result shows clearly the location of sensors which are exposed to the high impact pressures for different filling ratios. The characteristics of the impact patterns for three filling ratios were also examined.

ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE WITH ASPECT AND FILLING RATIOS IN THERMOSYPHON (열사이펀의 형상비와 충전율에 따른 열전달 성능 해석)

  • Kim, Y.C.;Choi, J.W.;Kim, S.C.
    • Journal of computational fluids engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 2015
  • Thermal-fluid analysis is performed numerically to figure out the characteristics of heat transfer in a thermosyphon varying with the aspect ratio of geometry and the filling ratio of working fluid. The computational results are reasonable compared with the experimental data and visualized. The thermal resistance and the convective heat transfer coefficients are evaluated with the aspect ratio of thermosyphon and the filling ratio of working fluid, respectively. In conclusion, the thermal resistance decreases as the length of evaporator increases. However, the variation of a condenser length is nearly independent on the thermal resistance. In order to raise the performance of thermosyphon, the working fluid needs to be filled over 75%. In addition, Nusselt numbers in the evaporator and the condenser show 275 and 304, respectively.

Experimental Reinforcement Agent for Damaged Walls of Payathonzu Temple Murals in Bagan, Myanmar

  • Lee, Na Ra;Lee, Hwa Soo;Han, Kyeong Soon
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.284-295
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    • 2020
  • This study focuses on reinforcement agents for wall damage, such as cracks, breakage, or delamination, for mural paintings from the Payathonzu temple. Experiments were conducted with filling and grouting agents based on the reinforcing method. In the filling reinforcement experiment, different mixing ratios of lime to sand, and additives (jaggery, seaweed glue, and Primal SF-016) were used. In the grouting reinforcement experiment, the mixing ratio of lime and pozzolan was the same, and the additive types were identical to the filling reinforcement experiment. The filling reinforcement experiment showed that there were fewer physical changes such as contraction, with a greater mixing ratio of lime to sand, however, the compressive strength decreased as the mixing ratio increased. With additives, the change in volume of agent decreased and the compressive strength increased, which was especially prominent for jaggery and Primal SF-016. The grouting reinforcement experiment showed that there was a remarkable contraction with an increased amount of moisture that originates from the characteristic of grouting agents that requires flowability. With additives, the water content of the agent decreased, whereas the compressive strength and adhesion increased. Among the additives, Primal SF-016 exhibited the highest compressive strength, and seaweed glue exhibited the most considerable viscosity and adhesion. The study results showed that the characteristics of reinforcement agents vary according to the mixing ratio and additives of the filling and grouting agents. Therefore, it is necessary to selectively apply the mixing ratio and additives for different reinforcement agents considering the wall damage for conservation treatments.

A Study on Injection Characteristic using Active Temperature Control of Injection mold (사출 금형의 능동형 온도제어에 따른 사출특성에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, C.Y.;Sin, H.G.;Hong, N.P.;Seo, Y.H.;Kim, B.H.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2007.10a
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    • pp.302-305
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    • 2007
  • In recent years, many researches on new storage media with high capacity and information are developing. For manufacture of optical storage with high capacity, the injection molding process is generally used. In order to increase the filling ratio of the injection molding structure, the injection molding process required for high injection pressure, packing pressure and temperature control of the mold. However, conventional injection molding process is difficult to increase the filling ratio using injection master with the range of several nanometers and high aspect ratio. In order to improve and increase filling ratio of nano-structure with high aspect ratio, the active temperature control of injection mold was used. Experimental conditions were used injection pressure, time and temperature. Consequently, by using the peltier device into injection mold, we carried out the efficient and active temperature control of mold at low cost.

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Self-Healing Properties in Cracking of Blast Furnace Slag Cement Paste (고로 슬래그 시멘트 페이스트 균열에서의 자기치유 특성)

  • Lee, Seung-Heun;Kang, Kook-Hee;Lim, Young-Jin;Lee, Se-Jin;Park, Byeong-Seon
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2019
  • This study investigated the self-healing properties of blast furnace slag cement paste sample with $Na_2SO_4$ as a blast furnace slag activator after conducting the permeability test. Self-healing properties were examined by crack filling ratio and quantification of self-healing products. The degree of self-healing was evaluated by the crack filling ratio, and the crack filling ratio was analyzed by panoramic analysis using BSE-DIP for objectivity. The average crack filling ratio showed a tendency of decreasing from the upper part of the specimen to the lower part as the average of the top part was 18%, the middle part was 7% and the bottom part was 5% on average. The maximum crack filling ratio was 44% and the minimum crack filling ratio was 3%. The residual self-healing product after the permeability test contained a large amount of Ca element and Al element derived from the blast furnace slag, and the Si element was mainly present near the crack surface. The most abundant minerals in self-healing products were about 68% C-A-H. $CaCO_3$ was about 13% and C-A-S-H was about 8%. Three minerals accounted for 90% of self-healing products. C-A-H was mainly present at a part slightly distant from the crack surface and showed an angular or acicular shape. The C-A-S-H was generated on the surface naturally connected to the existing specimen, and the $CaCO_3$ was generally observed on the surface of the specimen or the inside of the crack.

Effective Cu Filling Method to TSV for 3-dimensional Si Chip Stacking (3차원 Si칩 실장을 위한 효과적인 Cu 충전 방법)

  • Hong, Sung Chul;Jung, Do Hyun;Jung, Jae Pil;Kim, Wonjoong
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.152-158
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    • 2012
  • The effect of current waveform on Cu filling into TSV (through-silicon via) and the bottom-up ratio of Cu were investigated for three dimensional (3D) Si chip stacking. The TSV was prepared on an Si wafer by DRIE (deep reactive ion etching); and its diameter and depth were 30 and $60{\mu}m$, respectively. $SiO_2$, Ti and Au layers were coated as functional layers on the via wall. The current waveform was varied like a pulse, PPR (periodic pulse reverse) and 3-step PPR. As experimental results, the bottom-up ratio by the pulsed current decreased with increasing current density, and showed a value of 0.38 on average. The bottom-up ratio by the PPR current showed a value of 1.4 at a current density of $-5.85mA/cm^2$, and a value of 0.91 on average. The bottom-up ratio by the 3-step PPR current increased from 1.73 to 5.88 with time. The Cu filling by the 3-step PPR demonstrated a typical bottom-up filling, and gave a sound filling in a short time.

Optimization of Processing on Filling Balance of the HR3P Mold Structure (균형충전을 위한 HR3P 금형 구조에서의 공정의 최적화)

  • Kwon, Youn-Suk;Jeong, Yeong-Deug
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.98-102
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    • 2009
  • Almost all injection molds have multi-cavity runner system for mass production, which are designed with geometrically balanced runner system in order to accomplish filling balance between cavity to cavity during processing. However, even though geometrically balanced runner is used, filling imbalance has been observed. Filling imbalance could be decreased by modifying processing conditions such as injections rate, mold temperature, injection pressure, melt temperature that are related to shear, viscosity. In this study, a series of experiment was conducted to investigate filling imbalance variation when modifying runner layout and polymer and to determine which processing condition influences as the primary cause of filling imbalance in geometrically balanced runner system. The filling imbalance was decreased up to result range of $3{\leq}DFI{\leq}8(%)$ by using a new runner system for balanced filling.

Study on Improving High-temperature Tolerance for Grain Filling Through Adjusting Sink Size (영화수 조절을 통한 벼 등숙기 고온내성 향상 연구)

  • Kim, Junhwan;Shon, Jiyoung;Choi, Kyung-Jin;Yoon, Younghwan;Lee, Chung-Kuen
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.58 no.2
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    • pp.107-112
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study was to test hypothesis that low sink size could mitigate deterioration of grain filling characteristics under high grain filling temperature. To achieve this aim, we selected Donganbyeo as a tolerant and Ilpumbyeo as susceptible variety to high temperature during grain filling period through screening 6 rice varieties. Then their spikelets number and the ratio of superior and inferior spikelet were compared. Grain weight and head rice ratio of Ilpumbyeo decreased significantly in high temperature. Ilpumbyeo had more spikelets than Donganbyeo. However, there was no significant difference between two varieties in the ratio of superior and inferior spikelets. So we tried to investigate the varietal difference of grain filling characteristics with removing inferior spikelets. Removing inferior spikelet in both of varieties could recover grain weight but not improve head rice ratio under high temperature. These results showed that sink/source ratio affected grain weight but didn't affect head rice ratio. Therefore, new approach was required to improve head rice ratio beyond sink/source ratio under high temperature.

An Analytical Study for Determining Optimum Section and Trench Range on Soft Counter Weight Fill (연약지반상 압성토의 최적단면 및 측구위치 결정을 위한 해석적 연구)

  • Park, Jongcheol;Chang, Yongchai;Baek, Incheol;Jung, Donghwan
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.51-58
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    • 2015
  • The counter weight filling is a technology to accumulate soils on the side of berm with a proper width and height for improving the stability of the embankment. This study aims to assess a feasibility of the counter weight filling in the construction of pavement roads for recovery of shear failure during the construction. An effective counter weight filling section was suggested using the numerical analysis. The results showed that the effective counter weight filling section is two-fold (x2) higher than the ratio of width in counter weight filling : embankment height and one third (1/3) to the ratio of height in counter weight filling : embankment height. Also a range of effective trench crossing the counter weight filling required when a trench crossing counter weight filling is installed was suggested by supplying a proper distance between the counter weight filling section and cross-sectional trench.

Determination of Initial Billet using The Artificial Neural Networks and The Finite Element Method for The Forged Products (신경망과 유한요소법을 이용한 단조품의 초기 소재 결정)

  • 김동진;고대철;김병민;강범수;최재찬
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 1994.10a
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 1994
  • In this paper, we have proposed a new method to determine the initial billet for the forged products using a function approximation in neural networks. the architecture of neural network is a three-layer neural network and the back propagation algorithm is employed to train the network. By utilizing the ability of function approximation of neural network, an optimal billet is determined by applying nonlinear mathematical relationship between shape ratio in the initial billet and the final products. A volume of incomplete filling in the die is measured by the rigid-plastic finite element method. The neural network is trained with the initial billet shape ratio and that of the un-filled volume. After learning, the system is able to predict the filling region which are exactly the same or slightly different to results of finite element method. It is found that the prediction of the filling shape ratio region can be made successfully and the finite element method results are represented better by the neural network.

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