• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fig plant

Search Result 67, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Vibration Analysis of Separation Screen in a Recycling Plant of Moisturized Construction Wastes (고함수율의 건설폐기물 폐 토속에 포함된 이물질 선별을 위한 분리스크린의 진동해석)

  • Moon, Byung-Young;Bae, Hyo-Dong;Kwag, Kwang-Hun;Bae, Kee-Sun;Song, Ha-Young
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
    • /
    • v.20 no.8
    • /
    • pp.526-533
    • /
    • 2008
  • In this study, theoretical super screen vibration analysis has been carried out to predict the dynamic characteristics of interactive waste particles. In order to approach these problems, it is necessary to have a fundamental understanding the screening process and the process of both the remaining and the passed material on a screen with several interacting screen planes based on Soldinger(1999) was discussed. Here, the vibrating screen is composed of three assemblies such as screen, wastes guide, and supported screen as shown in Fig. 1. This model is regarded vibrator as the system of screen fixed tilt plates. Then materials(or particles) of different size is to be separated by using the eccentric vibrator and classifying tilt plates. As well moisturized construction wastes is more efficient to separate than moisture-less it. In processing separate mechanism, the more materials is light, the more staying time is long. Thus much lighter construction wastes(wood, Styrofoam, etc) and heavier materials are separated by staying time delay in a super screen. The design results, separation screen were able to know that small and larger particles are conspicuous difference each motion character according to trajectory particles, and small particles raise the probability in classifying tilt plates.

Characteristics of Anthocyanins from Various Fruits and Vegetables (색소원에 따른 Anthocyanin색소의 특성)

  • Lee, Hyang-Hee;Lee, Jang-Wook;Rhim, Jong-Whan
    • Food Science and Preservation
    • /
    • v.7 no.3
    • /
    • pp.285-290
    • /
    • 2000
  • Color values of anthocyanins from seven natural food colorants, such as purple-fleshed sweet potato (PSP), red flower cabbage (RFC), red cabbage (RC), grape skin (GS), black rice (BR), egg plant (EP), and fig fruit (FF) were evaluated, resulting in the selection of four color sources with higher color values including PSP, RFC, RC and GS. The stabilities of anthocyanins from the selected colorant sources against metal ions, ascorbic acid, ultra-violet light, and heating were investigated. Anthocyanins from PSP and GS were degraded significantly by $Mn^{2+}$, while those from RFC and RC were degraded by $Cu^{2+}$. Asthocyanins from PSP were the most stable against the color-degrading factors, followed by RFC, RC, and GS in descending order.

  • PDF

DISEASES OF THE CULTTVATED PORPHYRA AT CULTURE BEDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER PLANT EFFLUENTS (낙동강 하구 부근(용원리) 김 어장의 갯병 특히, 공장 폐수의 영향에 관하여)

  • KANG Jae Won
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.5 no.2
    • /
    • pp.39-44
    • /
    • 1972
  • Considerable damages of the cultivated Porphyra by Porphyra diseases were reported from the Porphyra culture bed along the coast of Yongwon-ri, Changwon, Kyungnam during the years of 1969 and 1970. The present study deals with the effects of fertilizer plant effluents on the Porphyra diseases, and the results are summarized as follows : 1. By the result of current observation, the polluted water of Haeng-am Bay which has an inflow of pollutants from the fertilizer plant was affecting the bed with tides. The results of pollution studies in Chinhae Bay and adjacent waters conducted by Won and Park(1971) also show that Chinhae Bay and adjacent waters are contaminated with the plant effluents. It seems that the effect increases due to the wind drift current when north-westerly or westerly winds prevail. Accordingly, effects of the Porphyra diseases in the culture bed seem to originate from the pollutants, since there are more damages when the north-westerly or westerly winds prevail, and also spring tide develops. 2. As compared to the photosynthetic activity of the Porphyra suborbiculata in uncontaminated seawater, it decreases up to $4\%$ in 200pmm, $20\%$ in 300ppm and $43\%$ in 1,000ppm of contaminated seawater which contains dilluted pollutants from the fertilizer plant. The results of the measurements using the water collected in the polluted area of Chinhae Bay and adjacent waters revealed that the photosynthesis was depressed about 21 to $34\%$ near the plant, and in the area of the Porphyra beds, $15\%$ in the portion where tide is weak and $5\%$ where the tide is strong, in comparison with the area of unpolluted water. 3. Although the present results do not indicate the exact level of harmful pollutants, it is evident that the pollutants of the plant effluents interfere photosynthetic activity of the Porphyra, even in the water containing pollutants as low as 200 ppm.

  • PDF

Studies on the effect of phthalimido methyl-O,O-dimethyl-phosphorodithioate (Imidan) and its possible metabolites on the growth of rice plant (Phthalimido methyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate (Imidan)과 그의 대사물질(代謝物質)이 수도(水稻) 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Sung-Hwan;Lee, Dong-Suk;Lee, Jae-Koo
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.7
    • /
    • pp.105-117
    • /
    • 1966
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the effet of phthalimido-methyl-O,O-dimethyl-phosphorodithioate (Imidan) known as an acaricide and its possible metabolic products on the growth of plant, when sprayed on the leaves of rice plant. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Possible metabolic products of Imidan, the following compounds were synthesized or recrystallized for the present experiment a) N-Hydroxymethyl phthalimidem b) Phthalimide c) Phthalamidic acid d) Phthalic acid e) Anthranilic acid f) p-Amino benzoic acid g) p-Hydroxy benzoic acid h) Benzoic acid 2) Among the above materials, a), c), d), e), and Imidan were dissolved in a buffer solution respectively to be 10 and 20 p.p.m. and tested with the wheat coleoptile straight growth method. According to the results, Imidan inhibited the growth of coleoptile in both 10 and 20 p.p.m., whereas the others showed much better growth than the control, especially phthalamidic acid in 10 p.p.m. It appears that Imidan itself inhibits the coleoptile growth, whereas the metabolites derived from Imidan through various metabolisms, including hydrolysis in plant tissues show growth-regulating activity. (refer: Table 1, Fig. 1) 3) 20, 100 and 200 p.p.m. solutions of Imidall emulsion in xylene f·ere prepared. The lengths of shoot and root of rice seeds germinated on the re-respective media were measured after 12 days. The data showed that root was much more elongated in Imidan 20 p.p.m., whereas shoot in Imidan 100 p.p.m., respectively, than in the xylene control. An interesting finding was that xylene used as solvent had a tendency to inhibit seriously the root growth of rice seed. (refer: Table 2,5). 4) The emulsions of concentrations in 10, 25, 50 and 100 p.p.m's of control, Imidan, N-hydroxy methyl phthalimide, anthranilic acid, and phthalmide, respectively, were sprayed twice on the rice plant on pot. After a certain period of time lengths of rice culms were measured, showing that plots treated with Imidan and N-hydroxy methyl phthalimide exhibited much more growth than those of control and the others. 5) Loaves and stems of rice plant were sampled and extracted with dried acetone at the intervals of 3-, 5-, 7-, and 14 days after treated with Imidan 250 p.p.m. emulsion. This sample extracted with acetone was purified by means of prechromatographic purification method with acetonitrile and paperchromatographed to detect the following metabolic products. Imidan (Rf: 0.97-0,98), N-hydroxy-methyl phthalimide (Rf: 0.87) phthalimide (Rf: 0.86-0.87), phthalamidic acid (Rf: 0.13-0.14), phthalic acid (Rf: 0.02-0.03), benzoic acid (Rf: 0.42-0.43), p-amino benzoic acid or p-hydroxy benzoic acid (Rf: 0.08-0.09), and unidentified compounds (Rf: 0.73, 0.59, 0.33, 0.23. 0.07). In addition, in the early stages, such as 3- and 5 days nonhydrolyzed Imidan and its first hydrolytic product, N-hydroxymethyl phthalimide were detected in relatively large amounts, whereas in the last stages of 7- and 14 days due to further decomposition, the afore-mentioned two materials were reduced in the amount and p-hthalic, phthalamidic, benzoic, and p-Hydroxy benzoic, or p-Amino benzoic acids were detected in a considerably large amount. It is, therefore, believed that most of Imidan applied to the leaves of rice plant may be decomposed within almost 14 days. In the light of above observations it is considered that Imidan itself is not involved in plant growth regulating activity, whereas various phthaloyl derivatives produced in the course of metabolism (namelr, enzymic action) in plant tissues may have such effect.

  • PDF

Identifying Risk Management Locations for Synthetic Natural Gas Plant Using Pipe Stress Analysis and Finite Element Analysis (배관응력해석 및 유한요소해석에 의한 SNG플랜트의 리스크 관리 위치 선정)

  • Erten, Deniz Taygun;Yu, Jong Min;Yoon, Kee Bong;Kim, Ji Yoon
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
    • /
    • v.26 no.2
    • /
    • pp.1-11
    • /
    • 2017
  • While they are becoming more viable, synthetic natural gas (SNG) plants, with their high temperatures and pressures, are still heavily dependent on advancements in the state-of-the-art technologies. However, most of the current work in the literature is focused on optimizing chemical processes and process variables, with little work being done on relevant mechanical damage and maintenance engineering. In this study, a combination of pipe system stress analysis and detailed local stress analysis was implemented to prioritize the inspection locations for main pipes of SNG plant in accordance to ASME B31.3. A pipe system stress analysis was conducted for pre-selecting critical locations by considering design condition and actual operating conditions such as heat-up and cool-down. Identified critical locations were further analyzed using a finite element method to locate specific high-stress points. Resultant stress values met ASME B31.3 code standards for the gasification reactor and lower transition piece (bend Y in Fig.1); however, it is recommended that the vertical displacement of bend Y be restricted more. The results presented here provide valuable information for future risk based maintenance inspection and further safe operation considerations.

The Effects of Burning on Composition and Productivity of Grasslands (초지의 구조 및 생산성에 미치는 산불의 영향)

  • 강상준
    • Journal of Plant Biology
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.36-42
    • /
    • 1971
  • The effects of irregular burning of vegetation by man were studied in relation to composition and productivity in a non-agricultural montane grassland in the Chongsun area, Kangwon-Do, Korea. The floristic composition in all study area includes 38 species. Three of the stations are dominated by Arundinella hirta and one is dominated by Miscanthus sinensis. The standing crop of the first station, which was fired in early spring, 1970, was 358.7g/$m^2$ to 497.5g/$m^2$; that of the second station, fired in late 1969 was 351. 5g/$m^2$; the third station, fired sometime in 1968, had a standing crop of 314.5g/$m^2$ to 397.1/$m^2$; the fourth station, having had no recent fires, had a standing crop of 370.0g/$m^2$ to 448.0g/$m^2$. The daily productivity shows a maximum of 6.03g/$m^2$ in the first station, and a minimum of 0.85g/$m^2$ in the fourth station. The productivity of grassland in the study area is at a maximum during July and August because of much precipitation, and decreases rapidly in the months to follow. The productive structure of the first and fourth stations is shown in Fig. 2 and 3. At the first station the maximum height attained by the plants was 180cm. In the height range of 50cm to 100cm there was a maximum of assimilative organs (5.6g/0.25$m^2$$\times$10cm), while in the height range below 50cm there was a maximum of non-assimilative organs (13.0g/0.25$m^2$$\times$10cm). At the fourth station, which has not been fired recently, the maximum height reached by the plants was commonly below 100cm. The assimilative organs showed a maximum abundance in the height range of 40cm to 50cm (4.5g/0.25$m^2$$\times$10cm). while the non-assimilative organs showed their greated abundance in the height range below 10cm (6.0g/0.25$m^2$$\times$10cm). There was a direct relationship between daily productivity and organic matter, available phosphorous, exchangeable calcium and potassium. It appears that the nutrients provided by the ash created in the firing of the study can be an important factor in the productivity of these grasslands.

  • PDF

Ecological Studies on the Burned Forest - On the Germination of Remained Seed on Burned Area - (산화적지(山火跡地)의 생태학적(生態學的) 연구(硏究) - 산화후(山火後)의 잔여종자(殘餘種子) 발아율(發芽率)에 대(對)하여 -)

  • Kim, Ok Kyung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.10 no.1
    • /
    • pp.29-39
    • /
    • 1970
  • Forest fires often destory forests that have taken years to grow in a few minutes. Forest fire therefore, is an important problem in forest management and have caused heavy losses to the nations economy. In order to resolve this problem many investigations have been made in many countries. However, ecological studies on the forest after accidental fire have not yet been made in Korea. In order to conduct such a study, a burned area on Mt. Samak which is located at Dukduwon-ri, Seo-myon, Chunsung-gun, Kangwon-do, was chosen as experimental plot in 1967. The remaining seeds were collected from the burned area, and investigations on their germination rate and their productivity were made comparing to those of the seeds of undemaged area, and following results were obtained. 1. The number of seed collected from the control plots were 740 while it was 537 from the test plots (Table 3, 4). It was considered that this difference between burned and unburned area was mainly due to the fact that some of the seeds had been burnt by the fire, and the unfavorable environmental conditions in the burned area was also considered to be a reason. In the germination rate in the control plots showed 28.1% while it was 3.2% in the test plots. This difference was considered to be due to complete loss of viability of the seed by burning and high heat. 2. In the test plots, sixteen seeds of the Alnus japonica were collected and six of these seeds germinated (index number 100) which was the highest germination rate among the species of collected seeds. From these results, it was considered that a high temperature (above $150^{\circ}C$) caused reduction of the germination rate (Quadrat. 1.2). Seeds of Carex lanceolata var. Nana, were appeared much more in the higher plots than in the lower plots and it seemed to be due to the fact that the forest floor plants were much more abundant in the lower plots than in the higher plots which is covered with shrubbery. And some small seeds midght be able to avoid the effect of fire being burried in the soil or under the gravel. 3. With Pinus densiflora, 43 seeds were collected, and 11 of these germinated in the control plots. However in the test plots, 11 seeds were collected and no seed germinated. This shows that the Pinus densiflora was the weakest in resisting to heat among the observed species in this study. 4. Without exception the germination rate showed a higher index in the herbs than in the woody plants and it is believed that the herbs produced more seed than the wood plants because of the abundance of herbs colony.

  • PDF

Induction of Apoptosis by Water Extract of Glycyrrhizae radix in Human Bladder T24 Cancer Cells (인체 방광암 T24 세포에서 감초(Glycyrrhizae radix) 열수추출물에 의한 apoptosis 유도)

  • Lee, Ki Won;Kim, Jeong Il;Lee, Seung Young;Choi, Kyung-Min;Oh, Young Taek;Jeong, Jin-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
    • /
    • v.32 no.4
    • /
    • pp.255-263
    • /
    • 2019
  • Glycyrrhizae radix is one of the most frequently prescribed ingredients in Oriental medicine, and Glycyrrhizae radix extract has been shown to exert anti-cancer effects. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of programed cell death (apoptosis) by Glycyrrhizae radix are poorly defined. In the present study, it was examined the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis by water extracts of Glycyrrhizae radix (GRW) in human bladder T24 cancer cells. It was found that GRW could inhibit the cell growth of T24 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation and increased populations of annexin-V positive cells. The induction of apoptotic cell death by GRW was connected with an up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL), and inhibition of apoptosis family proteins (XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2). In addition, apoptosis-inducing concentrations of GRW induced the activation of caspase-9, an initiator caspase of the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway, and caspase-3, accompanied by proteolytic degradation of PARP. GRW also induced apoptosis via a death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway by caspase-8 activation, resulting in the down-regulation of total Bid and suggesting the existence of cross-talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Taken together, the present results suggest that GRW may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human bladder cancer cells.

Affect of Pharmaceutical Byproduct and Cosmetic Industry Wastewater Sludge as Raw Materials of Compost on Damage of Red Pepper Cultivation (제약업종 부산물 및 화장품 제조업 폐수처리오니의 고추 비해에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Dong-Kyu;Lee, Sang-Beom;Kwon, Soon-Ik;Lee, Seung-Hwan;So, Kyu-Ho;Sung, Ki-Suk;Koh, Mun-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
    • /
    • v.23 no.4
    • /
    • pp.211-219
    • /
    • 2004
  • Three sludge types from pharmaceutical byproducts and one sludge type from cosmetic waste-water sludge as raw materials of compost were used in a field based concrete pot ($4\;m^2$, $2\;m{\times}2\;m$) for investigating damage of red pepper cultivation. These sludges and pig manure (1 Mg/10a, dry basis) were incorporated into the upper of clay loam soil prior to transplanting with red pepper. Changes in concentration and properties of heavy metal for both of soil and plant were investigated 4 times during of red pepper growth. Plant height and stem diameter of red pepper in sludge treatments except to Pharmaceutical sludge 3 were poor than those of NPK treatment. This result were regarded as an effect of incompleted decomposition sludge which has a lot of organic matter concentration. Amount of total As was increased rapidly Jul. 8. in soil, total Zn Cu Pb Cd were in harvest time, and 1 N-HCl extractable Zn Cu Pb Cd As were in harvest at middle stage and then decreased. Amounts of nitrogen in plant (leaf and stem) were high in Phamaceutical Sludge 1 and fig Manure treatment in early and middle stage because of organic matter and nitrogen concentrations and characteristics. Amounts of Zn, Pb, and Ni in leaf and amount of Zn and Pb in stem were increased in harvest time so that we need to have a concern in detail. Total yield of red pepper was Pig Manure > Phamaceutical Sludge 3 > Phamaceutical Sludge 1 > NPK > Phamaceutical Sludge 2 and Cosmetic Sludge treatment was decreased considerably to compare to others. Amounts of Zn and Cu in green and red pepper in harvest time were higher than the other heavy metals. Finally these results can use to utilize that finding damage on crop for authorization and suitability estimation of raw material of compost.

Habitats Selection of Zooplankton between Pelagic and Littoral Zone in Shallow Reservoirs in Summer (여름철 얕은 저수지의 중앙과 연안에서 동물플랑크톤 군집의 서식지 선택)

  • Jeong, Hyun-Gi;Seo, Jung-Kwan;Lee, Hae-Jin;Lee, Won-Choel;Lee, Jae-Kwan
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
    • /
    • v.28 no.4
    • /
    • pp.188-195
    • /
    • 2010
  • The Abundance of zooplankton was studied in the pelagic and the littoral zone in four shallow reservoirs along with the Nakdong river basin of S. Korea. In the pelagic zone, there was a higher zooplankton density ($477.5{\pm}312.4$ ind. $L^{-1}$) than in the littoral zone during our study period (t=2.337, p<0.05). Overall, Rotifers were the most abundant group in the studied reservoirs. However, there are no significant correlations between the pelagic and the littoral zone in physical and chemical parameters. In the pelagic and the littoral zone, zooplankton density usually increased with increasing density of aquatic plants in the littoral zone. However, this study showed different trends. Although macrophyte abundance was higher in the littoral zone than in the pelagic zone, zooplankton abundance was higher in pelagic zone. Moreover, when macrophytes (Trapa japonica and Spirodela plyrhiza) covered the complete water surface of the reservoir, zooplankton abundance was higher. It appears that comparisons between the pelagic and the littoral zone give important cues on the selection of habitats by zooplankton. It is assumed that a higher density of aquatic plants does not always imply a higher density of zooplankton in the littoral zone. Furthermore, when the water surface was covered with aquatic plants, the zooplankton communities showed the highest density in the pelagic zone. These results imply that habitat selection of the zooplankton community (Rotifers) is influenced by aquatic plant density with an associated decrease in predation pressure during summer.