• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2015

Increase of delivery effect of pollutant loads and surface runoff due to urbanization of catchment area results in serious environmental problems in receiving urban streams. This study aims to develop integrated stormwater management system to assist efficient urban stream flow and water quality control using information from the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), real time water level and quality monitoring system and remote or automatic treatment facility control system. Based on field observations in the study site, most of the pollutant loads are flushed within 4 hours of the rainfall event. SWMM simulation results indicates that the treatment system can store up to 6 mm of cumulative rainfall in the study catchment area, and this means any type of normal rainfall situation can be treated using the system. Relationship between rainfall amount and fill time were developed for various rainfall duration for operation of stormwater treatment system in this study. This study can further provide inputs of river water quality model and thus can effectively assist integrated water resources management in urban catchment and streams.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

To understand characteristics of the water quality on the coastal boundary on tidal flat, field observations between 2008 and 2009 were undertaken twice a month at five coastal areas (Muan bay, Tando bay, Hampyeong bay, Shinan Jido and Yeongkwang coastal areas). Yearly water temperature difference was large with the range between $1.3^{\circ}C$ and $31.1^{\circ}C$. Salinity was about 32 but was the lower less than 20 for the heavy rainfall season. DO was high in winter and low in summer according to the variation of water temperature. pH represented the variation similar to DO. Suspended solid was averagely high over 100 mg/l in Yeongkwang coastal area, especially. COD did not revealed large variation with the value of about 1 mg/l. DIN and DIP concentration were high when freshwater was highly input in summer. DIN concentration was low for winter and early spring but DIP concentration did not show the seasonal variation with the continuous increase from July 2009 to December 2009. Chlorophyll a appeared high for spring with approximately $10\;{\mu}g/l$ and was higher for summer in Yeongkwang coastal area than other sites. The results of principal component analysis conducted to compare the characteristics of water quality observed in study areas showed the distinguishable features as follows. The freshwater input fluctuation appeared as the first factor in Muan and Tando bays, and the change of water temperature was the first factor in Shinan Jido and Yeongkwang coastal areas. The influence mixed with the variation of freshwater outflow and the change of water temperature in Hampyeong bay was to be the first factor.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.20-29
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• 2006

Modeling urban climate caused by land use conversion is critical for human welfare and sustainable development, but has hampered because detailed information on urban characteristics is hard to obtain. With the advantage of satellite observations and the new statistical boundary system, this paper measures the economic and environmental effects of green area loss due to land use conversion in urban areas. To perform this purpose, data were collected from the various sources basic statistical unit data from the National Statistical Office, digital maps from the National Geographic Information Institute, satellite images, and field surveys when necessary. All data (maps and attributes) are built into the geographic information system (GIS). This paper also utilizes Landsat TM 5 imagery of Daegu city to derive vegetation index and to measure average surface temperature. The satellite data were examined using standard image processing software, ERDAS IMAGINE, and the results of the digital processing were presented with ARCVIEW(v.3.3). SAS package was used to perform statistical analyses. This study presents that there exists a strong relationship between land use change and climatic change as well as land price change. Based on results of the analysis, this paper suggests that planners should implement effective tools and policies of urban growth management to detect environmental quality and to make right decisions on policies concerning smart urban growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 1983

To develope the fundamental models suitable for slope stabilization and scenic effect improvement of the roadside slopes, this study has continuously been conducted for last about 10 years through the field survey and observations on the roadside slopes of 100 plots located in the Capital region. The results obtained could be summarized as follows: 1) In general, due to unsuitable treatments and constructions to the man-made bare slope characteristics of the roadsides, the treatment aims for stabilizing and improving the scenic beauty of the slopes have not been successfully reached in the surveyed regions. 2) Particularly, because of insufficiency of the follow-up maintenance techniques to the roadside slopes treated, denudations of slope scenery established as well as the withering of the vegetation planted have been accelerated for the most part of the slopes treated. 3) 6 fundamental models for the roadside slope treatments have been developed and could be edaptable to the nation-wide purposes. The fundamental models are the model of forest scenery match plantation, roadside scenery establishment, denuded land rehabilitation, rock slope greenification, absolute stabilization, and environmental plantation belt establishment, respectively.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.57.1-57.1
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• 2017

Automatic observing is the most efficient system for sky surveys that image many targets over large areas of the sky. Such a system requires the integrating control software that systematically manages astronomical instruments that are not connected to each other. In February of 2017, we installed a wide-field 10 inch telescope for Supernovae survey on the McDonald 30 inch telescope as a piggyback system. However, during the observations, information such as target coordinates could not be exchanged with the telescope mount. The reason is the program that controls the telescope control system (TCS) and the program that controls the imager operate on independent PCs. KAOS30 is an integrated observing software developed to improve this environment. The software is composed of four packages that are the Telescope Control Package (TCP), the Data Acquisition Package (DAP), the Auto Focus Package (AFP), and the Script Mode Package (SMP). The TCP communicates to the TCS and also communicates weather information. SMP supports automatic observing in a script mode, which improves the efficiency of the survey. KAOS30 was developed based on Visual C ++ and runs on the Windows operating system. It also supports the ASCOM driver platform for various manufacturers. The instruments that support ASCOM can be installed without modification of the program code. KAOS30 can be applied as software for many different telescopes in future projects.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 1988

A model for predicting the probability of liquefaction induced by the ocean storm-wave is developed. Many uncertainties are encountered in the analysis of liquefaction potential for the foundation of offshore structures : (1) the storm-wave duration, (2) the effect of reconsolidation, (3) the effect of patial drainage, etc. These uncertainties are formulated in probabilistic terms and used to assess the risk of liquefaction for a given offshore site. The model developed is applied to the Ekofisk oil storage tank in the North Sea installed in 1973. Reasonable comparison is obtained between the probabilities of liquefaction obtained and the results of deterministic models or the field observations. Among the un certainties encountered, it is revealed that the effect of reconsolidation is the most critical factor. Since many problems are encountered in the deterministic models developed so far, the probabilistic model developed in this paper might be a resonable alternative tool and can be used in the design of new offshore structures.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 1984

During the 1978-79 Newcastle disease (ND) epizootic period, a detailed survey was conducted on the five representative farms which had been following one of the recommended vaccination programs. When the disease broke out during laying period, clinical symptoms were mild to moderate respiratory distress and greenish diarrhea. Affected flocks experienced weekly mortality from less than 1% to 17%. Egg production returned to normal 18 to 36 days after the initial signs appeared although some flocks never returned to normal. On postmortem examination,, most affected chickens showed severe hemorrhagic lesions in the duodenum, hematoma on ova, and heavy fat accmulation on various visceral organs. Most of the NO affected flocks had geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition antibody(HIA) titers of 7 log$_2$ or higher two to three weeks after the appearance of clinical signs. These HIA titers were at least 16-fold higher than those before infection. Flock mean HIA titers before infection were usually lower than 3 log$_2$. Severity of clinical signs and anamnestic antibody response were maximum in the flocks whose vaccination immunity was insufficient or waned considerably. Observations showed that even young birds, if properly vaccinated, could get effective protection from field ND exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.4 s.27
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• pp.301-306
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• 2006

In order to estimate the characteristics of water movements around artificial upwelling structure, current measurements were carried out along lines E-W and S-N on May 4th(neap tide} and May 30th(spring tide), 2006. In the study area, southeastward flow was dominant during the field observations, and the pattern of water movement in the upper layer above 30m depth was different from that in the lower layer below 30m depth Vertical flow(w-component} around the artificial structure area and western area was shown to be upward flow, but downward flow occurred in the southern, northern and eastern parts at the neap tide. At the spring tide, the ebb current along E-W line showed upwelling flow in the eastern part and western area and showed upwelling flow near the artificial structure area and downwelling flow far away that one. At the spring tide, upward flow was dominant along S-N line during the flood current Volume transport by upward flow was higher than that by downward flow. Volume transport by upward flow during ebb of neap tide was greater than during flood current of neap tide, but was reverse at the spring tide.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.207-216
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• 2014

Total organic carbon (TOC) is an important indicator used as an direct biological index in the research field of the marine carbon cycle. It is possible to produce the sufficient TOC estimation data by using the Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) data because the available TOC data is relatively poor than the COD data. The outlier detection and treatment (removal) should be carried out reasonably and objectively because the equation for a COD-TOC conversion is directly affected the TOC estimation. In this study, it aims to suggest the optimal regression model using the available salinity, COD, and TOC data observed in the Korean coastal zone. The optimal regression model is selected by the comparison and analysis on the changes of data numbers before and after removal, variation coefficients and root mean square (RMS) error of the diverse detection methods of the outlier and influential observations. According to research result, it is shown that a diagnostic case combining SIQR (Semi - Inter-Quartile Range) boxplot and Cook's distance method is most suitable for the outlier detection. The optimal regression function is estimated as the TOC(mg/L) = $0.44{\cdot}COD(mg/L)+1.53$, then determination coefficient is showed a value of 0.47 and RMS error is 0.85 mg/L. The RMS error and the variation coefficients of the leverage values are greatly reduced to the 31% and 80% of the value before the outlier removal condition. The method suggested in this study can provide more appropriate regression curve because the excessive impacts of the outlier frequently included in the COD and TOC monitoring data is removed.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.467-479
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• 1995

To investigate the current structures and diffusion characteristics in Youngil Bay, a systematic field observations of current velocity, drogue tracking, dye diffusion experiment and aerial photographing were performed. The flow patterns in the surface layer of the bay depend more strongly on the wind and ocean current than the tidal current, and the patterns in the middle are predominated by the ocean current. The residual currents in the surface generally flow toward the inner bay through the western and central areas of the bay, and then the currents go toward the ocean along the eastern shore of the bay with anti-clock-wise circulation. The residual currents in the surface of the eastern cease are not nearly influenced by the wind, and the currents always move northward to northeastward. However, the currents in the western shore depend strongly on the wind and the outflow of the Huntsman River, that is, the residual currents go northward to northeastward when the southerly to westerly winds blow or a large amount of flow from the river discharge. The residual currents in the middle layer flow toward the inner bay along the western shore of the bay, and the incomed currents go out to the ocean along the eastern shore with anticlockwise circulation. The diffusion of dye patch by the instantaneous point source shows a similar pattern to the drogue trajectory, and the apparent diffusion coefficients of the dye patch by Fick's theory is 1.14${\times}$10$^4$ cm$^2$/s. The behavior of the river discharges in flood shows a band type's effluent pattern toward the outer bay along the western coast.