• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제11C권4호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2001

For the past five years, Inha University has been observing the electric fields produced by cloud-to-ground return strokes. This paper presents the summary of most recent results. Statistics on the zero-to-peak rise time, the zero-to-zero crossing time and the amplitude ratio of the second peak in the opposite polarity to the first peak were examined. The radiation electric fields produced by distant cloud-to-ground return strokes were substantially same pattern. The first return stroke field starts with a slowly increasing front and rises abruptly to peak. The rising portions of the electric fields produced by cloud-to-ground return strokes last 1 $mutextrm{s}$ to a few $mutextrm{s}$. The mean values of the zero-to-peak rise times of electric fields were 5.72 $mutextrm{s}$ and 4.12 $mutextrm{s}$ for the positive and the negative cloud-to-ground return strokes, respectively. The mean of the zero-to-zero crossing time for the positive return strokes was 29.48 $mutextrm{s}$ compared with 38.54 $mutextrm{s}$ for the negative return strokes. The depths of the dip after the peak of return stroke electric fields also have the dependence on the polarity of cloud-to-ground return stroke, and the mean values for the positive and negative cloud-to-ground return strokes were 33.55 and 28.19%, respectively.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 화학 개념을 설명하기 위해 과학 교과서에 사용된 비유에 대한 학생들의 이해도를 조사하고, 비유의 제한점으로 인해 유발될 수 있는 오개념을 분석한 후, 개념 이해도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 살펴보았다. 물질의 세 가지 상태, 부피와 압력 사이의 관계, 분자 운동, 상태 변화와 에너지에 대한 비유와 개념 이해 검사, 장독립성 검사, 논리적 사고력 검사를 실시하였다. 분석 결과 절반의 학생들이 교과서의 의도와 다르게 비유를 이해하고 있었으며, 개념 이해도는 그 개념을 설명하는 비유에 대한 이해도 뿐 아니라, 장독립성, 논리적 사고력, 사전 과학 성취도와 유의미한 정적 상관이 있었다. 개념 이해도에 미치는 각 변인의 직 간접적인 효과를 분석한 결과, 사전 과학 성취도의 직접적 영향이 유의미하였으며, 장독립성과 논리적 사고력은 사전 과학 성취도와 비유 이해를 통해 간접적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 과학교육에서 비유 사용의 제한점과 그 함의에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.697-703
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• 2000

임팩트이온화현상은 소자의 크기가 점점 작아지면서, 높은 에너지에 있는 hot carrier 전송 을 해석하기 위해 매우 중요하므로 소자의 시뮬레이션에 정확한 임팩트이온화모델이 필수적이다. 털 연구에서는 의사포텐셜방법을 사용하여 풀밴드모델을 구하고, 임팩트이온화율은 수정된 Keldysh 공식을 이용하여 유도하였다. 본 연구에서는 Gahs 임팩트이은화의 온도의존특성을 조사하기 위하여 Monte Carlo 시뮬레이터를 제작하여 임팩트이온화계수를 구하였다. 결과적으로, 임팩트이온화계수는 300K에서 실험값과 잘 일치하였다. 또한 에너지는 전계가 증가할수록 증가하고, 높은 온도에서는 포논 산란의 emission mode가 높기 때문에 에너지가 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 임팩트이온화의 대수 fitting 함수 식은 온도와 전계에 대해 2차식으로 표현하였다. 대수 fitting 함수의 오차는 대부분 5%이내에 머물렀다. 그러므로 대수식으로 표현된 임팩트 이온화계수는 온도에 의존함을 알았고, 임팩트이온화계수를 구하는데 시간을 절약할 수 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1992년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.816-819
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• 1992

Binary compound semiconductor InSb crystal which has direct-transition energy gap (0.17 ev) grown by vertical Bridgman method, then the electric-magnetic and optical properties of InSb crystal were surveyed. The growth rate of the crystals was 1mm/hr and the lattice constant $a_\circ$ of the grown crystal was 6.4863$\AA$. The electrical properties were examined by the Hall effect measurement with the van der Pauw method in the temperature range of 70$\sim$300K, magnetic field range of 500$\sim$10000 gauss. The undoped InSb crystal was n-type, the concentration and the electron mobility were 2$\sim$6 ${\times}$ $10^{16}$$\textrm{cm}^{-3}$ and carrier mobility was 6$\sim$2${\times}$$10^{4}$$cm^{2}$/v.sec at 300K, respectively. The carrier mobility was decreased with $T^{-1/2}$ due to the lattice scattering above 100K, and decreased by impurity scattering below100K. The magnetoresistance was increased 190% at 9000 gauss as compared with non-appliced magnetic field and the magnetoresistance was increased with increasing the magnetic field. Also, the Hall voltage was increased with increasing the magnetic field and decreasing the thickness of sample. The optical energy band gap of InSb at room temperature determined using the IR spectrometer was 0.167eV. The diffusion depth of Zn into InSb proportionally increased with the square root of diffusion time and the activation energy for Zn diffusion was 0.67eV. The temperature dependence of diffusion coefficient was $D=4.25{\times}10^{-3}$exp (-0.67/$K_BT$).

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1015-1025
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• 2010

본 연구는 교류전기장이 인가된 전선에서의 화염전파특성에 전기장이 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구이다. 폴리에틸렌으로 피복된 전선에서 인가된 교류전압과 주파수에 따라 화염전파율을 도출하였다. 그리고 화염전파는 선형적 화염 전파와 비선형적으로 가속된 화염 전파로 구분되어졌다. 이것은 전선에 인가된 교류전기장에 따라 형성된 전기장 세기의 축방향 분포가 원인이 된다. 그리고 기울어진 전선화염의 화염전파율이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 온도균형메커니즘으로 설명이 가능하다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2010

To better understand the physical processes that maintain the high-latitude lower thermospheric dynamics, we have identified relative contributions of the momentum forcing and the heating to the high-latitude lower thermospheric winds depending on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and altitude. For this study, we performed a term analysis of the potential vorticity equation for the high-latitude neutral wind field in the lower thermosphere during the southern summertime for different IMF conditions, with the aid of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (NCAR-TIEGCM). Difference potential vorticity forcing and heating terms, obtained by subtracting values with zero IMF from those with non-zero IMF, are influenced by the IMF conditions. The difference forcing is more significant for strong IMF $B_y$ condition than for strong IMF $B_z$ condition. For negative or positive $B_y$ conditions, the difference forcings in the polar cap are larger by a factor of about 2 than those in the auroral region. The difference heating is the most significant for negative IMF $B_z$ condition, and the difference heatings in the auroral region are larger by a factor of about 1.5 than those in the polar cap region. The magnitudes of the difference forcing and heating decrease rapidly with descending altitudes. It is confirmed that the contribution of the forcing to the high-latitude lower thermospheric dynamics is stronger than the contribution of the heating to it. Especially, it is obvious that the contribution of the forcing to the dynamics is much larger in the polar cap region than in the auroral region and at higher altitude than at lower altitude. It is evident that when $B_z$ is negative condition the contribution of the forcing is the lowest and the contribution of the heating is the highest among the different IMF conditions.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1987

The insulating oil used for X-ray tube housing were degraded by X-ray irrdiation, high temperature and high anode voltage for normal operation. This study was measured the conduction current-X-ray dose, heating degradation, time, temperature and electric field characteristics and the dependense of electrode materials and gap length in the X-ray irradiatied insulating oil under of D.C voltage. The obtained results can be summarized as following. 1. The conduction current of X-ray irradiated insulating oil is more about $2.5{\sim}3$ times as large as than that of non x-ray irradiated, and is become saturation phenomena after some degree. 2. The conduction current of many times heating x-ray irradiated insulating oil is more than that of a few times heating. 3. The higher temperature x-ray irradiated insulating oil is increased, the more conduction current, and that is increased about ten times as large as when it's temperatures is increased to $80^{\circ}C\;at\;30^{\circ}C$, twenty five times at $100^{\circ}C$. 4. The dependence of electrode materials is appeared at the low electric field, and the small gap length with Fe > Cu > Al. 5. The low electric field than 3000 v/cm is appeared Ohm's law region, and the high is become saturation region at the I-E characteristics. 6. The larger gap length is become, the more conduction current is increased at the same electric field.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 1999년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.IX
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• pp.210-213
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• 1999

Magnetoresistance and magnetization of Sr$_{l-x}K_xBiO_3$ were both measured as functions of temperature and magnetic field. Resistivity goes to zero at T=10.1K and the overall superconducting transition behavior under applied magnetic fields is similar to that of other BiO based superconductors. Also, below T<5K we have observed the reappearance of finite resistivity with a power law temperature dependence( ${\rho}$ ${\sim}$T$^1$); the reentrant superconducting transition of resistivity. Contrary to the Josephson weak link effect in polycrystalline samples, which gives the depression of the superconducting state with increasing electrical current or magnetic field, the superconducting state for T<5K is resumed by applying a higher current or magnetic field. Magnetic susceptibility( ${\chi}$ ) of Sr$_{l-x}K_xBiO_3$ for T<5K also shows similar trends to that observed in transport measurements: increase of ${\chi}$ (paramagnetic-like behavior) at a low magnetic fields(B=50 Oe) and, the resumption of perfect diamagnetism at high fields.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 1999년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.IX
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• pp.189-195
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• 1999

We have studied the vortex dynamics in YBa$_2Cu_3O_7$ single crystals with columnar defects using micro Hall-probe array. The Hall-probe array technique allowed a simultaneous measurement of the time and spatial dependence of the vortex density so that more detailed information on flux dynamics could be obtained. We found that field profiles inside sample were similar to the Bean's critical state model from the magnetic hysteresis measurement. Normalized relaxation rates were maximum near the center and decreased toward the edge if applied field H$_{app}$ is greater than the penetration field H. But applied magnetic field H$_{app}$ is less than H, relaxation rates were minimum near the center and increased toward edge. We found that glassy exponent ${\mu}$ has the value of ${\sim}$ 1 whose corresponding vortex motion is half-loop excitation. However, single vortex creep, ${\mu}$ ${\sim}$ 1/7, was also found at 30 K and H$_{app}$ ${\cong}$ H'. Calculation of activation energy, U, was possible from direct analysis of the local relaxation data using the basic diffusion equation. From these results, we found that U increases logarithmically with time and U around center was lower than that at the edge.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.392-392
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• 2011

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) emitter has widely become an attractive mechanism that draws growing interests for cold cathode field emission.$^{1,2}$ CNT yarns have demonstrated its potential as excellent field emitters.$^3$ Extensive simulations were carried out in designing a CNT yarn-based cathode assembly. The focal spot size dependence on the anode surface of the geometric parameters such as axial distance of the electrostatic focus lens from the cathode and the applied bias voltages at the cathode, grid mesh and electrostatic focus lens were studied. The detailed computer simulations using Opera 3D electromagnetic software$^4$ had revealed that a remarkable size of focal spot under a focusing lens triode type set-up design was achieved. The result of this optimization simulation would then be applied for the construction of the CNT yarn based micro-focus x-ray tube with its field emission characteristics evaluated.