• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2017

Alloplastic materials used for orbital fracture reconstruction can induce complications, such as infection, migration, extrusion, intraorbital hemorrhage, and residual diplopia. Silicone is one of the alloplastic materials that has been widely used for decades. The author reports a rare case of spontaneous extrusion of a silicone implant that was used for orbital fracture reconstruction 30 years earlier. A 50-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room for an exposed substance in the lower eyelid area of the left eye, which began as a palpable hard nodule a week earlier. The exposed material was considered to be implant used for previous surgery. Under general anesthesia, the implant and parts of the fibrous capsule tissue were removed. Several factors hinder the diagnosis of implant extrusions that occur a long period after the surgery. So, surgeons must be aware that complications with implants can still arise several decades following orbital fracture reconstruction, even without specific causes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1982

This study was performed to elucidate the histopathologic distribution of immunoglobulins, particularly IgA, IgG and IgM in the periapical lesions, including 22 periapical granulomas and 18 periapical cysts. The immunoperoxidase staining method using reagents manufactured and supplied by Danish DAKO company was employed in this study. In comparison with the immunohistochemical methods, this method was proved to be reliable and convinient one to detect immunoglobulins in the tissue. The following results were obtained: 1. In the 22 periapical granulomas, IgG was found in 20 cases (90.9%), IgA in 16 cases (72.7%) and IgM in 19 cases (86.3%). 2. In the 18 periapical cysts, IgG was found in 16 cases (88.8%), IgA in 13 cases (72.2%) and IgM in 15 cases (83.3%). 3. The distribution of immunoglobulins both in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts was in great diversity according to the lesion and area. 4. More immunoglobulins were found in the exudative area with moderate or severe infiltrations of plasma cells and lymphocytes and less concentration of immunoglobulins were seen in the area with leukocytes infiltration and tissue destruction. 5. The area with collagenolysis and reparative activity contained more abundant IgG and IgM than IgA in periapical granulomas. 6. IgG was dominant in the granulomatous connective tissue and immunoglobulins were not easily found in the fibrous capsule in periapical cysts.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.47.1-47.10
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• 2019

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been applied as a primary biomaterial for temporary soft tissue augmentation and as a carrier for cells and the delivery of growth factors to promote tissue regeneration. Although HA derivatives are the most versatile soft tissue fillers on the market, they are resorbed early, within 3 to 12 months. To overcome their short duration, they can be combined with cells or growth factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stimulating effects of human fibroblasts and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) on collagen synthesis during soft tissue augmentation by HA hydrogels and to compare these with the effects of a commercial HA derivative (Restylane^®). Methods: The hydrogel group included four conditions. The first condition consisted of hydrogel (H) alone as a negative control, and the other three conditions were bFGF-containing hydrogel (HB), human fibroblast-containing hydrogel (HF), and human fibroblast/bFGF-containing hydrogel (HBF). In the Restylane^® group (HGF), the hydrogel was replaced with Restylane^® (R, RB, RF, RBF). The gels were implanted subdermally into the back of each nude mouse at four separate sites. Twelve nude mice were used for the hydrogel (n = 6) and Restylane^® groups (n = 6). The specimens were harvested 8 weeks after implantation and assessed histomorphometrically, and collagen synthesis was evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: The hydrogel group showed good biocompatibility with the surrounding tissues and stimulated the formation of a fibrous matrix. HBF and HF showed significantly higher soft tissue synthesis compared to H (p < 0.05), and human collagen type I was well expressed in HB, HF, and HBF; HBF showed the strongest expression. The Restylane^® filler was surrounded by a fibrous capsule without any soft tissue infiltration from the neighboring tissue, and collagen synthesis within the Restylane^® filler could not be observed, even though no inflammatory reactions were observed. Conclusion: This study revealed that HA-based hydrogel alone or hydrogel combined with fibroblasts and/or bFGF can be effectively used for soft tissue augmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.220-229
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was aimed to examine the effect of acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$) grafted to the experimental tissue defect on tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods: Male albino rabbits were used. Soft tissue defects were prepared in the external abdominal oblique muscle. The animals were then divided into 3 groups by the graft material used: no graft, autogenous dermis graft, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. The healing sites were histologically examined at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. In another series, critical sized defects with 8-mm diameter were prepared in the right and left iliac bones. The animals were then divided into 5 groups: no graft, grafted with autogenous iliac bone, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft impregnated with rhBMP-2, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhTGF-${\beta}1$. The healing sites of bone defect were investigated with radiologic densitometry and histological evaluation at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. Results: In the soft tissue defect, normal healing was seen in the group of no graft. Inflammatory cells and foreign body reactions were observed in the group of autogenous dermis graft, and the migration of fibroblasts and the formation of vessels into the collagen fibers were observed in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the bone defect, the site of bone defect was healed by fibrous tissues in the group of no graft. The marked radiopacity and good regeneration were seen in the group of autogenous bone graft. There remained the traces of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with no satisfactory results in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the groups of the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$, there were numerous osteoblasts in the boundary of the adjacent bone which was closely approximated to the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with regeneration features. However, the fibrous capsule also remained as in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, which separated the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ and the adjacent bone. Conclusions: These results suggest that $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ can be useful to substitute the autogenous dermis in the soft tissue defect. However, it may not be useful as a bone graft material or a carrier, since the bone defect was not completely healed by the bony tissue, regardless of the presence of osteogenic factors like rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.107-120
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• 1999

본 연구는 관절염 유발시 일어나는 관절낭의 형태학적 변화를 조사하기위해 lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 주사로 인위적 관절낭 염증을 유발시킨 후 시간경과에 따른 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 향태 변화를 관찰하였다. BALB/C 암컷 생쥐 오른쪽 무릎관절낭에 LPS $300{\mu}g/kg$를 주사한 후 3, 7 그리고 14일에 무릎관절을 얻었다. 무릎관절은 4주동안 EDTA용액에 탈회한 후 통상적 방법으로 paraffin에 포매하였다. 또한 윤활관절막의 미세구조변화는 embed812로 포매한 후 관찰하였다. LPS 주사후 관절연골인접부위의 윤활관절막에서 시작된 세포과형성(hyperplasia)은 시간 경과후 전체 윤활관절막으로 확대되었다. 윤활관절막내의 미세구조의 변화로는 윤활포식세포(type I)가 관절강내로의 많은 돌기(filopodia)를 내었고, 잘 발달된 과립형질내세망을 가지는 type 2 윤활분비세포의 숫적 증가가 보였다. 한편 LPS 주사후 섬유관절막에서 나타나는 형태학적 변화는 collagen fiber 생성에 의한 섬유화가 증가되며, 이러한 섬유화를 주도하는 섬유모세포의 이주증가가 관찰되었다. 또한 혈관 주위에서는 백혈구의 이주 증가가 나타났으며, 탈과립형(degranulated type) 비만세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 LPS 주사로 관절낭에서 염증이 유발되어 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막에서 헝태학적 변화가 나타났다. 이러한 일련의 형태학적 변화는 발병초기 류마티스성 관절염에서 나타나는 병리학적 소견과 동일한 결과로서, 앞으로 진행될 치료제 개발과 유발기전에 관한 해석을 위한 in vivo 실험의 적절한 모델로 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2009

Purpose: Alloplastic implants, such as $Silastic^{(R)}$, $Supramid^{(R)}$, Porous polyethylene, $Teflon^{(R)}$ have been used to prevent reherniation of orbital tissue and are known to be inert for many years, though complications are infrequently reported many years after their insertion. Complications associated with implants are infrequent, but infection, orbital hemorrhage, implant extrusion, motility restriction, migration of implant causing dacryocystitis, cystic formation have been described. The latter was known as a rare late complication of blow-out fracture repair. Methods: We report the case of a discovery of a intraorbital hemorrhagic cyst which developed after silicon implant insertion. This patient developed diplopia, unilateral proptosis, exophthalmos, vertical dystopia, ectropion 10 years after repair of blow-out fracture. In this case, orbital CT scan revealed intraorbital cyst surrounding the orbital implant. At surgery, a fibrous capsule surrounded the silicon implant and was filled with mucin pools. Results: Proptosis, diplopia, exophthalmos, ectropion, vertical dystopia were resolved after surgical removal of the cyst and implant. Conclusion: This case illustrate that it is important for us to be aware of the complication of cyst formation around the silicon implants.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.35-38
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• 2019

Oncocytic lipoadenoma is a rare salivary gland tumor composed of adipose tissue and oncocytic epithelial cells in varied proportions. We report a case of an oncocytic lipoadenoma of the submandibular gland, which presented as a submandibular gland mass. The patient was a 65-year-old woman with a right submandibular mass measuring 2 × 2 × 1.6 cm. As a sonographic evaluation and computed tomograph scan gave us the impression of benign submandibular gland tumor such as pleomorphic adenoma, we resected the right side submandibular gland. Grossly, the tumor was well circumscribed with yellow to brown cut surface. Microscopically, the tumor was surrounded by a thin, fibrous capsule and composed of oncocytic epithelial cells admixed with mature adipose tissue. Final diagnosis was an oncocytic lipoadenoma. We discussed here radiologic and pathologic finding of this rare salivary gland tumor.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the long term prognosis of Ahmed valve implantation and medical therapy in dogs with early primary glaucoma. The medical records of dogs with early primary glaucoma from the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University between January 2005 and May 2008 were reviewed. Five dogs underwent Ahmed valve implantation and medical therapy was performed in six dogs. Breeds of the dogs included Shih Tzu(n = 7), American cocker spaniel(n = 2), and miniature poodle(n = 2). Adequate intraocular pressure(IOP) was better maintained in the Ahmed valve implantation group than in the medical treatment group throughout the follow-up period. Mean time for vision loss to develop after treatment in the Ahmed valve implantation group($198.0{\pm}115.4$ days) was significantly longer than that in medical treatment group($43.2{\pm}30.4$ days, p < 0.05). Post-operative complications included occlusion of the tube by fibrin in the anterior chamber (n = 1), fibrous capsule about the episcleral base of the device(n = 1), and dislocation of the valve body(n = 1). It is considered that Ahmed valve implantation is more effective strategy to control IOP and maintain vision than medical treatment in early glaucomatous dogs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 1961

For the purpose of investigating seasonal changes of germinal centers of splenic lymph nodules and of blood lymphocytes of ducks, the spleens of 8 ducks from a flock were observed histologically every season; 2 cases in spring (March and April), 2 in summer (July and August), 2 in autumn (October and November) and 2 in winter (December and January). Blood cells of 8 ducks from the same flock also were counted during the summer (from July to August) and autumn (from October to November) The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. There were seasonal changes in the germinal centers of lymph nodules, that is, the germinal centers were formed in spring and disappeared in autumn. In summer these were at the stage of transition from formation in spring to disappearance in autumn. In winter, on tile other hand. the process was reversed from the stage of disappearance in autumn to the stage of formation in spring. 2. The germinal center of splenic lymph nodule was encapsulated with a fibrous capsule which disappeared concommitantly with its germinal center. 3. The percentage and absolute value of lymphocytes in autumn were higher than those in summer, the fact that seemed to be not in agreement with Flemming's view that the lymphocytic clear germinal center may be functionally at the stage of lymphocyte formation, but in agreement with Maximow's view that the large lymphocytic clear germinal center is functionally at the stage of resting and medium-sized lymphocytic germinal center may be functionally at the stage of lympocyte formatiom.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2014

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the flexible joints and may also affect a number of tissues and organs. The progression of RA involves an inflammatory response of the capsule around the joint, swelling of synovial cells with excess synovial fluid (SF), and the development of fibrous tissue in the synovium. Since the progressive pathology of the disease often leads to the irreversible destruction of articular cartilage and ankylosis of the joint, early diagnosis of RA is essential. Thus, we undertook a comparative proteomic approach to investigate novel biomarkers for early diagnosis using SFs and serums from RA patients. As a result, we identified 32 differentially expressed spots in SFs and 34 spots in serums. The differential expression of the STEAP4 and ZNF 658 proteins were validated using immunoblotting of the SFs and serums, respectively. These data suggest that differentially expressed proteins in SFs and serums could be used as RA-specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of RA. Furthermore, these findings advance our understanding of the molecular etiopathogenesis of RA.